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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5531:1988 Code of practice for Safety in erecting structural frames UDC 624.072.33:624.05:614.8 027 BS 5531:1988 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee, was published under the authority
2、 of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 August 1988 BSI 02-1999 First published January 1978 First revision August 1988 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CSB/42 Draft for comment 86/15420 DC ISBN 0 580 16547 7 Committees responsible for th
3、is British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Committee (CSB/-) to Technical Committee CSB/42, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Precast C
4、oncrete Federation Ltd. Building Employers Confederation Chartered Institute of Building Concrete Society Construction Health and Safety Group Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors Institute of Clerks of Works of
5、Great Britain Inc. Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Occupational Safety and Health Institution of Structural Engineers Precast Flooring Federation Royal Institute of British Architects Timber Research and Development Association Trades Union Congress Amendments issued since publication
6、Amd. No.Date of issueComments BS 5531:1988 BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordiii Section 1. General 1Scope1 2Definitions1 3Legislation (general)1 Section 2. Primary safety considerations 4Competence2 5Training2 6Responsibility2 7Supervision2 8Design2 Section
7、 3. Considerations affecting all erection tasks 9Erection methods, design stage3 10Planning for erection3 11Drawings and instructions3 12Coordination of operations4 13Site preparation4 14Setting-out, levelling and alignment4 15Bearings allowing movement5 16Connections5 17Holding down arrangements5 1
8、8Use of cranes and other lifting devices6 19Slinging of loads7 20Care and use of lifting tackle10 21Use of jacks10 22Working arrangements10 23Safety belts, harnesses and nets11 24Weather11 25Welding and cutting11 26Radiography12 27Bolting, drilling and reaming12 28Painting13 29Work in artificial lig
9、ht13 30Delivery, handling and movement on site13 31Availability of parts and materials14 32Erection of railings and balustrades14 33Pre-glazed framework units14 Section 4. Erection of frames 34Stability at all stages15 35Precast concrete frameworks24 36Bonding28 37Steel frameworks28 38Space framewor
10、ks31 39Timber frameworks33 40Aluminium frameworks34 41Plastics frameworks34 BS 5531:1988 ii BSI 02-1999 Page Figure 1 Use of typical remote release shackle8 Figure 2 Spreader beam and lifting bar arrangement9 Figure 3 Levelling packs under base plates19 Figure 4 Stability of single columns (diagramm
11、atic representation)20 Figure 5 Stability of single bays: braced (diagrammatic representation)20 Figure 6 Stability of single bays: unbraced21 Figure 7 Stability of rigid boxes22 Figure 8 Stability of single slender beam or truss23 Figure 9 Stability of pair of slender beams or trusses23 Figure 10 S
12、tability of roof trusses24 Figure 11 Stability of rigid structural panel24 Figure 12 Precast concrete portal frame: typical arrangement of props to support rafter members26 Figure 13 Precast concrete column: typical bracing arrangement27 Figure 14 Lifting of trusses30 Table 1 Alternative types of su
13、pport for structural elements during erection16 Table 2 Types of support for providing stability and their applications17 Publications referred toInside back cover BS 5531:1988 BSI 02-1999iii Foreword This revision of BS 5531 has been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Buildin
14、g Structures Standards Committee, and supersedes BS 5531:1978, which is withdrawn. This code was originally written in 1978 against a background of concern about the number of accidents and collapses occurring during the erection of structural frames. A recurring feature in those accidents was poor
15、practice. It was therefore considered that presenting good practices in code form would beneficially affect the future accident situation and would result in increased efficiency in the construction industry. It was considered that there were certain features of good erection practice which were com
16、mon to all types of frames. This information is contained in section 3 of the code. A study of that section is a prerequisite to a proper application of the rest of the code. Examples shown in the text are representative of acceptable practice but organizations may use their own tried techniques. In
17、 this revision the text has been extensively altered in detail to conform with present legislation and guidance. In addition to legislation relevant to the subject of this code and listed in section 1, clause 3, attention is also drawn to the Health and Safety Executive Guidance Notes GS 28/1-4, “Sa
18、fe erection of structures”. Attention is also drawn to BS 6100 “Glossary of building and civil engineering terms”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Br
19、itish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 36, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendment
20、s incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on theinside front cover. iv blank BS 5531:1988 BSI 02-19991 Section 1. General 1 Scope This code of practice makes recommendations concerning safety in erecting the principal types of structural frames, mainly in precast concrete and ste
21、el. Consideration is also given to the following: a) space frameworks b) timber frameworks c) aluminium frameworks d) plastics frameworks This code does not include recommendations on work involved in the erection of in situ concrete frames (see BS 5975). This code does not deal with those aspects o
22、f site safety which are generally applicable to all construction operations and for which guidance and information are readily available elsewhere (e.g. use of hand tools, ladders, etc.). NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitio
23、ns For the purposes of this code the following definition applies. method statement a document setting out a safe system of work, in detail dependent on the complexity of the work involved NOTEOther terms used in this code are those in common use during construction operations. 3 Legislation (genera
24、l) The following list gives the principal legislation, current at the date of publication of this code, affecting safety in erection work or relating to operations associated with it. Health and Safety at Work etc. Act, 1974 Factories Act, 1961 Statutory Instrument 1961 no. 1580 Construction (Genera
25、l provisions) Regulations, 1961 Statutory Instrument 1961, no. 1581 Construction (Lifting Operations) Regulations, 1961 Statutory Instrument 1966, no. 94 Construction (Working Places) Regulations, 1966 NOTEWhen applying this code, users are advised to ascertain the current state of legislation. BS 5
26、531:1988 2 BSI 02-1999 Section 2. Primary safety considerations 4 Competence In this code it is assumed that all those engaged in all aspects of the work are competent for the task. Care should be taken to ensure that persons are only called upon to carry out tasks which may reasonably be expected f
27、rom persons of their levels of competence. The term competent person is not a defined term and has been the subject of legal discussion. However, as a guide, a person may be regarded as able to perform the duty if he has sufficient practical and theoretical knowledge and actual experience of the wor
28、k in question to enable him to recognize hazards associated with the work being undertaken. 5 Training Contractors should be able to show that training in safe working practice has been given to site supervisory staff and other employees and that they are competent in their designated jobs. Training
29、 needs should be identified as early as possible and this can sometimes be assisted by an examination of incidents and accident records. The training of foreman, supervisor and site manager levels will need to extend to an understanding of the implications of method statements, the significance of l
30、egal requirements, project planning, the establishment and running of the site organization and the provision of project induction training to operatives. 6 Responsibility This code can best be applied as part of a comprehensive approach to safety from planning to execution when clearly defined area
31、s of responsibilty have been laid down and communicated to all those engaged in the work. Responsibilities for planning safe erection can, and should, start at the initial design stage. Designers should take into account the need for, and the practicability of, safe methods of working during erectio
32、n. The structural analysis and design should identify those features of the structure which have a critical influence on its overall and continuing stability and structural integrity during construction. The fabricating and/or erecting contractor would retain the responsibility for choosing or accep
33、ting a particular method of fabrication and erection. 7 Supervision Supervision should be considered as an overriding requirement. Supervisors should be given instructions on the work they are to oversee. Supervisors should pay particular attention to whether the relevant drawings, documents and met
34、hods of erection procedure have been issued and whether, in their experience, they are adequate to allow a safe method of working to be established. Supervisors should be competent to recognize and deal with a potentially dangerous situation. 8 Design The general term design/designer refers to all s
35、tages from concept through to structural design and detailing. This may include design for both permanent and temporary works and involve one or more designers. BS 5531:1988 BSI 02-19993 Section 3. Considerations affecting all erection tasks 9 Erection methods, design stage 9.1 General Guidance on t
36、he design, erection and use of the materials used for structural frames can be obtained from the following: CP 118 Aluminium BS 5268 Timber BS 5950 Steel BS 8110 Concrete BS 5975 Falsework 9.2 Lifting and handling of framework elements The component parts or pre-assembled portions of a structure sho
37、uld be designed in such a way that they can be handled, transported, lifted and positioned safely. Attachment points for slings and eyebolts should be marked when lifting at other positions could cause harm to the structure (e.g. distortion or weakening) or instability. 9.3 Interconnection of member
38、s and elements Members and elements should be so designed that they cannot be interconnected incorrectly during assembly or erection. 9.4 Lack of stability and weakness The designer should consider the risks due to lack of stability and weakness which may occur during erection and take appropriate a
39、ction. 9.5 Erection The structure on which erection work is being performed will have been designed for the acceptance of normal design loading. In course of erection temporary loads may be applied due to deposited material, loads incidental to the erection procedure or the effect of wind on partial
40、ly completed frameworks. It is essential that the erection procedure takes due account of these loadings at the design stage. 10 Planning for erection 10.1 General It is important that there should be a coordinated plan for all matters affecting erection. In particular, account should be taken of an
41、y limitations that may exist at the site in means of access, storage and the size or weight of components. Careful consideration should be given to planning the sequence of erection. As much of the structure as is practicable should be pre-assembled at ground level. 10.2 Temporary attachment Special
42、 attention should be given to the need for temporary attachments and lifting connections (e.g. working platforms, etc.). Such attachments require the same design considerations as those for permanent use. Whenever possible these attachments should be fitted at the fabrication stage. 11 Drawings and
43、instructions 11.1 Drawings Copies of all relevant working drawings and instructions should be kept on site so that they are easily available and accessible to all concerned. The use of transparent waterproof covers for the protection of drawings on site should be considered. An additional complete m
44、aster set should be kept in the site office for reference purposes only. The erection scheme drawings should show specifically how stability, and in particular, lateral stability, is to be achieved at each successive step in erection. 11.2 Instructions 11.2.1 General. The communication of safe erect
45、ion procedures is vitally important, particularly to those who actually fix the components in place. It is recommended that the details of these procedures should be clearly shown on drawings or fully described in written instructions or instruction manuals. Any unusual or key features should be cle
46、arly emphasized, for example. a) Both these diagonal bracing members have to be present and fully secured in position before any erection work on an adjacent frame or upper frame is commenced or b) The stability of the roof steelwork depends on the presence of the brickwork at the gable ends. The st
47、eelwork should not be erected until 7 days after the brickwork has been completed or until such a time as it has developed sufficient strength, and a strong and rigid connection to it can be made. 11.2.2 The erection scheme. The instructions should include information about all measures that need to
48、 be adopted and provisions made to allow the work to take place to a predetermined programme. The following items, not so far mentioned, might form part of a typical scheme. a) The sequence and methods to be adopted for the supply and storage of components and materials. b) Equipment and tools to be
49、 used and their capacity. BS 5531:1988 4 BSI 02-1999 c) The type and positioning of lifting equipment, including methods of dealing with the handling, lifting and fixing of large or heavy components. Such methods should ensure the components are not over-stressed during lifting. d) The use of temporary bracings, props, guys or other measures to ensure stability at each (successive) stage. e) The provision of access and working platforms. f) Methods for dealing with particularly hazardous operations (e.g. work in close proximity to the general p