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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5378-2:1980 (Reprinted, incorporating Amendments Nos. 1 and 2) Safety signs and colours Part 2: Specification for colorimetric and photometric properties of materials UDC 003.62:614.8:62-777.6 BS 5378-2:1980 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the P
2、ersonal Safety Equipment Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board and comes into effect on 29 August 1980 BSI 10 July 2002 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PSM/12 Draft for comment 79/61092 DC ISBN 0 580 11507
3、0 Cooperating organizations The Personal Safety Equipment Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations. British Footwear Manufacturers Federation Britis
4、h Rubber Manufacturers Association British Safety Council British Steel Industry* Cement Makers Federation Chemical Industries Association* Council of Ironfoundry Associations Department of Industry, National Engineering Laboratory Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales* Engineering Employ
5、ers Federation* Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Glass Manufacturers Federation Health and Safety Executive* Industrial Safety (Protective Equipment) Manufacturers Association* Institute of British Foundrymen Institution of Civil Engineers Instituti
6、on of Industrial Safety Officers Institution of Production Engineers Iron and Steel Trades Confederation Light Metal Traders Organization Medical Research Council Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Coal Board* National Joint Council for the Building Industry (Operatives Side) Natio
7、nal Radiological Protection Board Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents* Trades Union Congress The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standar
8、d: British Non-ferrous Metals Federation British Sign Association Chartered Institution of Building Services Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association Department of Health and Social Security Institution of Fire Engineers Ministry of Defence Paintmakers Association of Great Britain Ltd. In
9、dividual expert Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 4188April 1983 5484August 1987Indicated by a line in the margin BS 5378-2:1980 BSI 10 July 2002 i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2References1 3Definitions1 4Colorimetric an
10、d photometric properties of the materials1 Appendix A Preferred dimensions of single safety signs6 Appendix B Colour references6 Figure 1 Boundaries for red, yellow, green, blue, white and black ordinary surface colours4 Figure 2 Boundaries for retroreflecting surface colours and for fluorescent red
11、 and orange-red5 Figure 3 Measured dimensions for signs7 Figure 4 Boundary for photoluminescent white8 Table 1 Chromaticity coordinates and luminance factors for ordinary and retroreflecting colours2 Table 2 Chromaticity coordinates and luminance factors for fluorescent and photoluminescent material
12、s3 Table 3 Coefficients of retroreflection3 Table 4 Colour references6 Table 5 Preferred sizes of signs6 Table 6 Preferred letter sizes7 Standards publications referred to9 BS 5378-2:1980 ii BSI 10 July 2002 Foreword This revision of BS 5378 has been prepared under the direction of the Personal Safe
13、ty Equipment Standards Committee and consists of three Parts, which may be purchased separately. BS 5378:1976 has been withdrawn. Over many years, widely different codes and systems of safety signs have been developed. This British Standard specifies a system for giving health or safety information
14、that keeps the use of words to a minimum. The need for such a system has arisen due to the increase in international trade and travel and the development of work forces that do not share a common language. Attention is drawn to the fact that education and training is an essential part of any system
15、for giving health or safety information. BS 5378 was originally published in 1976 and was based upon the draft international standard ISO/DIS 3864 issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Since publication of that draft, the EEC has issued a Directive (77/576/EEC) “Council
16、 Directive of 25 July 1977 on the Approximation of the Laws, Regulations and Administrative Provisions of the Member States relating to the provision of safety signs at places of work”. The Directive is based upon the ISO work. The international standard, ISO 3864, was published in 1984 and covers t
17、he same subject matter as Parts 1 and 2 of BS 5378, but it is not identical with them. Attention is drawn in this Part of BS 5378 to the main differences between the publications. BS 5378-1, which deals with basic principles and gives examples of safety signs, is in line with the EEC Directive (77/5
18、76/EEC) and was prepared in anticipation of the preparation of the Safety Signs Regulations 1980 (Sl 1980 No. 1471). BS 5378-3 has been produced to cover additional requirements. This Part of BS 5378 gives guidance on preferred sizes of signs in Appendix A and specifies the colorimetric and photomet
19、ric properties of materials. These are not specific requirements of the EEC Directive, but are recommendations supplementary to it. ISO 3864-1984 includes requirements for colorimetric and photometric properties which, for blue colours, are more restrictive than the requirements of this Part of BS 5
20、378. The technical committee responsible for the preparation of this British Standard, and for monitoring the ISO work, did not agree with the restriction imposed on blue colours in ISO 3864-1984 but the ISO limits have been indicated, for information, in this standard. The colour areas for all othe
21、r ordinary surface colours, retroreflecting surface colours and fluorescent red and orange-red are identical with those specified in ISO 3864-1984. This Part of BS 5378 allows photoluminescent white to be used as an alternative to ordinary white or retroreflecting white. The colour area for photolum
22、inescent white under normal illumination is specified, but the performance characteristics of this material upon removal of normal illumination are not specified. NOTEBS 5378-1 is called up in the Safety Signs Regulations 1980 (Sl 1980 No. 1471). A British Standard does not purport to include all th
23、e necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
24、 pages 1 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment. BS 5378-2:1980 BSI 10 July 2002 1 1 Scope This Part of this British Standard specifies the colo
25、rimetric and photometric properties of materials and gives the preferred sizes for safety signs complying with the requirements of Part 1. 2 References The titles of the standards publications referred to in this Part of this standard are listed on page 9. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part
26、 of this standard the following definitions apply. 3.1 colour boundary a (straight) line in the CIE chromaticity diagram (CIE 45-15-2001) separating the area of the permitted colours from that of the non-permitted colours 3.2 luminance factor (at a point on the surface of a non-self-radiating body,
27、in a given direction, under specified conditions of illumination.) Ratio of the luminance of the body to that of a perfect reflecting diffuser identically illuminated (CIE 45-20-2001) 3.3 coefficient of retroreflection (R1) (of a plane retroreflecting surface). The quotient obtained by dividing the
28、luminous intensity (I ) of the retroreflecting material in the direction of observation, by the product of the illuminance (E ) at the retroreflecting surface on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light and its area (A) 3.4 ordinary colour a colour that is neither retroreflecting
29、 nor fluorescent 4 Colorimetric and photometric properties of the materials 4.1 Conditions The physical requirements with which the materials comply shall be primarily related to daytime colour. Colour measurements shall be made as specified in CIE Publication No. 152) (reference E.1.3.1). NOTEFor t
30、he colorimetric measurements, the material is considered to be illuminated by daylight as represented by the Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE 45-15-1453) at an angle of 45 with the normal to the surface and the observation is made in the direction of the normal (45/0 geometry). The coefficient of retror
31、eflection shall be measured in accordance with CIE Publication No. 7, 1960 volume D, pages 566 to 5714) using Standard Illuminant A, under the condition that the entrance and observation angles are in the same plane. 1)CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Vocabulary Publication No. 17, 1970
32、, “International lighting vocabulary”. CIE publications may be obtained from the National Illumination Committee of Great Britain, c/o The Library, Thorn Lighting Ltd., Great Cambridge Road, Enfield, Middlesex EN1 1UL. Tel. 01-363 5353. 2)CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Publication No.
33、 15, 1971, “Colorimetry”. 3)CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Publication No. 17, 1970, “International lighting vocabulary”. 4)CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Publication No. 7, 1960, volume D, “Proceedings 14th session, Brussels”. R1 I EA - -= BS 5378-2:1980 2 BSI 10 July
34、2002 4.2 Requirements When measured under the conditions specified in 4.1, each colour shall have chromaticity coordinates within the colour areas shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2, as appropriate. The x and y coordinates of the corner points of the colour areas, and the luminance factors required, shal
35、l be as specified in Table 1 or Table 2, as appropriate. The minimum coefficients of retroreflection for retroreflecting materials shall be as specified in Table 3. The signs (including the colours) shall maintain the same meaning under all relevant lighting conditions. NOTE 1Retroreflecting materia
36、ls: if, in practice, the photometric values of the retroreflecting materials drop below 50 % of the required minima given in Table 3, or if the chromaticity coordinates fall outside the boundaries in Table 1, the materials ARE NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE FOR SAFETY USE. NOTE 2Fluorescent materials: if,
37、in practice, the luminance factors of the fluorescent materials fall below 50 % of the required minima given in Table 2, or if the chromaticity coordinates fall outside the boundaries in Table 2, the materials ARE NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE FOR SAFETY USE. NOTE 3Ordinary coloured materials: if, in prac
38、tice, the chromaticity coordinates and luminance factors fall outside the boundaries in Table 1, the materials ARE NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE FOR SAFETY USE. NOTE 4Details of colours that are known to comply with the requirements of this clause are given in Appendix B. NOTE 5Photoluminescent materials:
39、 if, in practice, the luminance factor of the photoluminescent materials falls below 50 % of the required minimum given in Table 2, or if the chromaticity coordinates fall outside the boundaries of Table 2, the materials ARE NOT CONSIDERED SUITABLE FOR SAFETY USE. Table 1 Chromaticity coordinates an
40、d luminance factors for ordinary and retroreflecting coloursa ColourChromaticity coordinates of corner points determining the permitted colour area Luminance factor for ordinary colours retroreflecting coloursb Standard illuminant D65 (45/0 geometry)Class 2Class 1 (high performance) 1234 Redx0.6900.
41、5950.5690.6550.070.050.03 y0.3100.3150.3410.345 Yellowx0.5190.4680.4270.4650.45 y0.4800.4420.4830.534 Retroreflecting yellowx0.5450.4870.4270.4650.270.16 y0.4540.4230.4830.534 Greenx0.2300.2910.2480.0070.12 y0.7540.4380.4090.703 Retroreflecting greenx0.0070.2480.1770.0260.040.03 y0.7030.4090.3620.39
42、9 Bluex0.0780.1980.2400.1370.05 y0.1710.2520.2100.038 Retroreflecting bluex0.0780.1500.2100.1370.010.01 y0.1710.2200.1600.038 Whitex0.3500.3000.2900.3400.75 y0.3600.3100.3200.370 Retroreflecting whitex0.3500.3000.2850.3350.350.27 y0.3600.3100.3250.375 Blackx0.3850.3000.2600.3450.03 y0.3550.2700.3100
43、.395 a The chromaticity coordinates of corner points for ordinary blue colours in ISO 3864:1984 are identical with those for retroreflecting blue colours in this specification. Other requirements in Table 1 are identical with the ISO 3864:1984 requirements. b The designations “class 2” and “class 1
44、(high performance)” are used for consistency with BS 873. The ISO 3864-1984 designations are “type 1” (for class 2) and “type 2 (high performance)” for class 1 (high performance). BS 5378-2:1980 BSI 10 July 2002 3 Table 2 Chromaticity coordinates and luminance factors for fluorescent and photolumine
45、scent materials Table 3 Coefficients of retroreflection ColourChromaticity coordinates of corner points determining the permitted colour areas Luminance factor Standard illuminant D65 (45/0 Geometry) 1234 Fluorescent red and orange-redx0.6900.5950.5350.6100.25 y0.3100.3150.3750.390 Photoluminescent
46、whitex0.3200.2900.3900.3600.65 y0.3350.3650.4050.435 Observation angle Entrance angle Minimum coefficient of retroreflectiona in cd/(lx m2) Standard illuminant A Class 2bClass 1 (high performance)b WhiteYellowRedGreenBlueWhiteYellowRedGreenBlue 550351072180122252114 203024164311006714117 40961.81.20
47、.4956413117 25530.80.60.2530.80.60.2 302.51.50.40.30.12.51.50.40.30.1 401.51.00.30.20.061.51.00.30.20.06 a For coloured parts of signs which are printed, the coefficient of retroreflection should be not less than 70 % of the values in Table 3. b The designations “class 2” and “class 1 (high performa
48、nce)” are used for consistency with BS 873. The ISO 3864:1984 designations are “type 1” (for class 2) and “type 2 (high performance)” for class 1 (high performance). BS 5378-2:1980 4 BSI 10 July 2002 Figure 1 Boundaries for red, yellow, green, blue, white and black ordinary surface colours BS 5378-2
49、:1980 BSI 10 July 2002 5 Figure 2 Boundaries for retroreflecting surface colours and for fluorescent red and orange-red BS 5378-2:1980 6 BSI 10 July 2002 Appendix A Preferred dimensions of single safety signs The preferred dimensions of safety signs (see clause 5 of BS 5378-1:1980) and preferred letter sizes are given in Table 5 and Table 6 respectively with reference to Figure 3. If lettering is to be used on a supplementary sign, it is recommended that the letter size be in accordance with Table