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1、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12198-3:2002 Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 3: Reduction of radiation by attenuation or s
2、creening The European Standard EN 12198-3:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.110; 13.280 ? Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 BS EN 12198-3:2002 This British Standard, ha
3、ving been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 6 December 2002 BSI 6 December 2002 ISBN 0 580 40900 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English l
4、anguage version of EN 12198-3:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/3, Safeguarding of machinery, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The
5、British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards
6、 Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the resp
7、onsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front co
8、ver, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Cen
9、tre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12198-3 November 2002 ICS 13.110; 13.280 English version Safety of machinery - Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery - Part 3: Reduction of radiation by attenua
10、tion or screening Scurit des machines - Estimation et rduction des risques engendrs par les rayonnements mis par les machines - Partie 3: Rduction du rayonnement par attnuation ou par crans Sicherheit von Maschinen - Bewertung und Verminderung des Risikos der von Maschinen emittierten Strahlung - Te
11、il 3: Verminderung der Strahlung durch Abschwchung oder Abschirmung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 October 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national stand
12、ard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other lang
13、uage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ic
14、eland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of ex
15、ploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12198-3:2002 E Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 2 Contents Forewo
16、rd3 Introduction.4 1Scope 4 2Normative references4 3Terms and definitions5 4Classification of radiation.5 5Procedure for reducing radiation emission levels by design.6 6Strategy for design of shield 6 6.1Design target6 6.2Characterization of all the radiation sources7 6.3Radiation fields, beam geome
17、try access and enclosure.7 6.4Review available of attenuating material.8 6.5Assess of environmental conditions.9 6.6Design requirements.9 6.7Manufacture prototype11 6.8Determination of the effectiveness of the shielding 11 6.9Compare with desired levels set in step 1 and if necessary, modify design
18、11 6.10Prepare documentation for users 11 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives12 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document EN 12198-3:2002 has bee
19、n prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 114 “Safety of machinery“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2003, and conflicting national sta
20、ndards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2003. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). For relationship with EC Directives, see informative annex ZA,
21、 which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard deals with the essential requirement “Radiation“ (see EN 292-2:1991, annex A, paragraph 1.5.10). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to impleme
22、nt this European Standard : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Cen
23、tre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 4 Introduction Machinery supplied by electrical power or containing radiation sources may emit radiation or generate electric and/or magnetic fields. The radiation emissions will vary in frequency a
24、nd magnitude. It does not deal with other strategies concerning reduction of radiation risk by substitution with a smaller source, increasing the distance or reducing exposure time. This document is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070. The provisions of this document may be supplemented or modifi
25、ed by a type C standard. NOTEFor machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. 1 Scope The purpose o
26、f this European standard is to provide means to enable manufacturers of machinery concerned by a radiation hazard to design and manufacture efficient safeguards against radiations. Specific technical details of the design of shields for the different types of radiation and machines will be provided
27、in other standards. This European standard applies to machinery as defined by EN 292. Part 1 of this standard contains the general principles of risk assessment of radiation emission by machinery. Details of the measurement of the radiation emission are given in Part 2 of this standard. This standar
28、d deals with a design strategy for reducing the radiation flux by attenuation or screening. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and th
29、e publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (inclu
30、ding amendments). EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 294:1992, Safety of mach
31、inery - Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery Guards - General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards. EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment. EN 1070:1998, Safety of ma
32、chinery Terminology. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 5 EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards - Principles for design and selection. EN 12198-1:2000, Safet
33、y of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 1: General principles. EN 12198-2:2002, Safety of machinery Assessment and reduction of risks arising from radiation emitted by machinery Part 2 : Radiation emission measurement procedure. IEC 60050-111
34、:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 111: Physics and chemistry. IEC 60050-121:1998, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Part 121: Electromagnetism. IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility. IEC 60050-881
35、:1983, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 881 : Radiology and radiological physics. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1070:1998 and the following apply. Additional definitions specifically needed for this standard
36、 are contained in EN 12198-1:2000. The terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-111:1996, IEC 60050-121:1998, IEC 60050-161:1990 and IEC 60050-881:1983, are also applicable. 3.1 shield (general definition) component designed to reduce, select or absorb radiations. The purpose of the component may be
37、 for radiation protection or in order to select particular radiations NOTEShields are also know as attenuators, screens or filters . 3.2 protection shield shield used for the radiation protection of people and/or equipment 3.3 selective shield shield used to filter the radiations, selecting their ki
38、nd or their energy 3.4 shadow shield shield arranged in such a way that the radiation source is not totally enclosed, but which prevents free passage of radiation in certain directions 4 Classification of radiation Classification of radiation is given in clause 4 of EN 12198-1:2000. Machinery shall
39、be so designed and constructed that any emission of radiation is limited to the extent necessary for its operation and that the effects on exposed persons are non-existent or reduced to non-dangerous proportions (See EN 292-2:1991, annex A). Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Info
40、rmation Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 6 5 Procedure for reducing radiation emission levels by design The procedure for reducing radiation by attenuation or screening shall include the following steps: 1) Specify the design ta
41、rget according to 7.2 of EN 12198-1:2000, by defining a radiation emission level not to be exceeded, lowest possible. 2) Characterize all the radiation sources (see clause 4 and 6.2 of EN 12198-1:2000). 3) Define intended directions, intensity of radiation fields and access to the irradiated area. 4
42、) Review attenuating or screening materials available. 5) Assess environmental conditions and their effects on the source and shields. 6) Make design decisions. 7) Manufacture prototype. 8) Measure in accordance with EN 12198-2 and clause 6 of EN 12198-1:2000. 9) Compare with desired levels set in s
43、tep 1 (see clause 7 of EN 12198-1:2000). 10) If necessary, modify design and repeat steps 6 to 10. 11) Prepare documentation for users. These steps will be described in detail in clause 6. 6 Strategy for design of shield 6.1 Design target The design target defined in 5.1) is set by the manufacturer
44、according to clause 7 of EN 12198-1:2000. 6.1.1It is essential that manufacturers take the risk from radiation into account when they design machines. This can be achieved by assigning desired maximum emission levels of functional radiation emissions and undesirable radiation emissions, according to
45、 7.2 of EN 12198-1:2000. 6.1.2Numerical values for maximum emission levels may be set by other bodies in documents such as national legislation or international recommendations. Where there is no legislation or recommendation then the manufacturer shall decide what safety criteria the design has to
46、satisfy. These criteria may differ during different phases of a machines use (see 3.11 and 5.1 of EN 292-1:1991), (see also EN 1050). 6.1.3The manufacturer shall also consider the possible alteration of radiation emissions caused by changes in environmental operating conditions or in duty cycles of
47、the machine. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/Exchange China Standards Information Centre, 19 March 2003, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12198-3:2002 (E) 7 6.2 Characterization of all the radiation sources The following points shall be taken into consideration : number of sources ; radiation characterist
48、ics : spectrum, intensity etc. (see clause 4 of EN 12198-1:2000) ; construction characteristics of each source ; geometry (point, linear, cylindrical, spherical.) including dimensions ; open or enclosed radiation sources ; radiation generator (removal of electrical power will terminate radiation emi
49、ssion) ; physical state : (solid, liquid, gas, plasma.) ; chemical composition (s). Special care shall be taken : when different types of radiation are emitted by the same source ; when the source manufacturer has defined a functional life time or safe working life time for the source. 6.3 Radiation fields, beam geometry access and enclosure The manufacturers shall take account of the following considerations. 6.3.1 Radiation field or beam geometry a) Th