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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12457-4:2002 Characterisation of waste Leaching Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction) The European St
2、andard EN 12457-4:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20 ? Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12457-4:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building and Ci
3、vil Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 October 2002 BSI 15 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40580 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12457-4:2002. The UK
4、 participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterisation of waste, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references
5、The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Stand
6、ards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the
7、responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fron
8、t cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 27 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncont
9、rolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12457-4 September 2002 ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20 English version Characterisation of waste - Leaching - Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges - Part 4: One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ra
10、tio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size reduction) Caractrisation des dchets - Lixiviation - Essai de conformit pour la lixiviation des dchets fragments et des boues - Partie 4: Essai en bche unique avec un rapport liquide/solide de 10 l/kg et une granularit
11、 infrieure 10 mm (sans ou avec rduction de la granularit) Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Auslaugung - bereinstimmungsuntersuchung fr die Auslaugung von krnigen Abfllen und Schlmmen - Teil 4: Einstufiges Schttelverfahren mit einem Flssigkeits- /Feststoffverhltnis von 10 l/kg fr Materialen mit einer
12、Korngre unter 10 mm (ohne oder mit Korngrereduzierung) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without an
13、y alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by t
14、ranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland
15、, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in
16、any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12457-4:2002 E Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12457-4:2002 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 5 2Normative references 5 3Term
17、s and definitions6 3.1leaching test.6 3.2leachant.6 3.3eluate.6 3.4single batch leaching test.6 3.5serial batch leaching test6 3.6liquid to solid ratio L/S (abbreviation : L/S).6 3.7liquid waste.6 3.8sludge6 3.9monolithic waste6 3.10granular waste6 3.11dry matter content ratio (abbreviation : DR).6
18、3.12moisture content ratio (abbreviation MC).7 3.13laboratory sample7 3.14test sample .7 3.15test portion .7 4Compliance test .7 4.1Principle7 4.2Equipment and reagents.7 4.3Sampling strategy and sample preparation8 5Procedure .10 5.1Testing conditions.10 5.2Description of the procedure10 5.3Further
19、 preparation of the eluate for analysis11 5.4Blank test for the verification of the leaching procedure11 6Calculation12 7Documentation and test report.12 7.1Sample preparation .12 7.2Production of eluate 13 7.3Analytical determination.13 7.4Calculations and blank test information .13 8Performance ch
20、aracteristics.14 8.1Objective of the validation14 8.2Validation study .14 8.3Validation results.15 8.4Summary of the performance characteristics evaluation .17 Annex A (informative) Information on the influence on the test results of the parameters that affect leaching.19 Annex B (informative) Test
21、for determining whether waste is in the liquid state.21 Annex C (informative) Example of datasheet for EN 12457-4.22 Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 12457-423 Annex E (informative) Example of a specific liquid-solid separation procedure for soil sample.25 Annex ZA Informative National devia
22、tion A from France.26 Bibliography27 Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 12457-4:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12457-4:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 292, “Characterisation of waste“, the sec
23、retariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2003. This document has bee
24、n prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELE
25、C Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden
26、, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for compliance testing within the EU and EFTA countries. This document was elaborated on the basis of : DIN 38414-S4:1984 AFNOR X-31 210:1992 NEN 7343:1992 NORM S 2072:1990 No existing Europe
27、an Standard is superseded by the publication of this European Standard. Annexes A, B, C, D, E and ZA are informative. This document includes a Bibliography. Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 12457-4:2002 (E) 4 Introductio
28、n In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterise and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as a main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the envi
29、ronment during the reuse or disposal of waste materials. The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one standard
30、. Tests to characterise waste materials and their behaviour can generally be divided into three categories : (1) “Basic Characterisation“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and characteristics properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, l
31、eachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters are addressed in these tests ; (2) “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with specific reference values. The tests focus on key variables and l
32、eaching behaviour identified by basic characterisation tests ; (3) “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to the compliance test(s). The procedures described in this European Standard fall in category 2 : complian
33、ce tests. The four procedures described in the four following European Standards are based on different liquid to solid (L/S) ratios and different particle sizes because these parameters, among others, play an important role in the leaching process: EN 12457-1, One stage batch test at a liquid to so
34、lid ratio of 2 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-2, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-3, Two stage bat
35、ch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg for materials with high solid content and with particle size below 4 mm (without or with size reduction). EN 12457-4, One stage batch test at a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg for materials with particle size below 10 mm (without or with size
36、reduction). Each part specifies a distinct procedure. The specific features of each part are described in the scope and principle of each part. For given wastes the results can be different for the different procedures. There are six annexes to this European Standard giving useful information on the
37、 selection of the appropriate procedure, reference documents and guidance on the limitations of these procedures. The choice of the procedure depends on the degree and type of information required for compliance testing. This choice has to be made by the organisation establishing the compliance requ
38、irements. This European Standard specifies a compliance test. For basic characterisation, a methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of waste has been developed within TC 292 and formulated in ENV 12920. Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:
39、10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 12457-4:2002 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of four European Standards specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg
40、dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 10 mm without or with size reduction (as specified in 4.3.2) NOTEIn some cases, it could be useful to test the material with coarser particles up to 40 mm in diameter. This requires a larger amount for material and liquid. In this parti
41、cular case, particle size distribution related differences in leaching may be more pronounced than in the standard procedure. This European Standard has been developed to investigate mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of non-polar
42、organic constituents nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes. The test procedure specified in this European Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. NOTE 1This pro
43、cedure cannot be applicable to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. NOTE 2This procedure cannot be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive ga
44、s emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. NOTE 3By crushing the material, new surfaces are exposed which may lead to a change in leaching properties. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of a waste, as specified in ENV 12920. This European Standard
45、does not address issues related to health and safety. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. F
46、or dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). ENV 12506, Character
47、ization of waste - Analysis of eluates - Determination of pH, As, Cd, Cr Vl, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cl, NO2-, SO4 2-. ENV 13370, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates Determination of AmmoniumN, AOX, conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, CN-easily liberatable, F-. EN 12880, Characterisation of sludg
48、es Determination of dry residue and water content. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987). EN ISO 5667-3, Water Quality - Sampling - Part 3 : Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples (ISO 5667-3:1994). ISO 5725-5:1998, Accuracy (tr
49、ueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method. ISO 11465, Soil Quality - Determination of dry matter and water content on a mass basis - Gravimetric method. Licensed Copy: UW Swansea ATHENS, University of Wales Swansea, 15/06/2008 05:10, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 12457-4:2002 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions