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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12516-2:2004 Industrial valves Shell design strength Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells The European Standard EN 12516-2:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.060.01 BS EN 12516-2:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Sta
2、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 July 2004 BSI 23 July 2004 ISBN 0 580 44152 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12516-2:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PSE/7, Industrial valves, to Subc
3、ommittee PSE/7/6, Industrial valves: steel valves, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this
4、document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contr
5、act. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals fo
6、r change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 88, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyrig
7、ht notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12516-2 July 2004 ICS 23.060.01 English version Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calcula
8、tion method for steel valve shells Robinetterie industrielle - Rsistance mcanique des enveloppes - Partie 2: Mthode de calcul relative aux enveloppes dappareils de robinetterie en acier Industriearmaturen - Gehusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren fr drucktragende Gehuse von Armaturen aus Sta
9、hl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical re
10、ferences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member
11、 into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
12、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All r
13、ights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12516-2:2004: E EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Symbols and units.5 4 General conditions for strength calculation.6 5 Design pr
14、essure.7 6 Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts7 6.1 General7 6.2 Steels and cast steels other than defined in 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5.7 6.3 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation not less than 30 %.7 6.4 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel
15、 with a minimum rupture elongation not less than 35 %8 6.5 Non-alloy and low-alloy cast steel.8 6.6 Creep conditions8 7 Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies 8 7.1 General8 7.2 Valve bodies.9 8 Calculation methods for bolted bonnets and covers.28 8.1 General28 8.2 Covers made of
16、 flat plates28 8.3 Covers consisting of a spherically domed end and an adjoining flanged ring 45 8.4 Dished heads49 9 Calculation method for pressure sealed bonnets and covers54 10 Calculation methods for flanges56 10.1 General56 10.2 Circular flanges56 10.3 Oval flanges65 10.4 Rectangular or square
17、 flanges.68 10.5 Calculation of the bolt diameter.70 10.6 Design temperature.71 11 Calculation methods for glands.71 11.1 Loads 71 11.2 Gland bolts.72 11.3 Gland flanges.72 11.4 Other components.72 12 Fatigue 72 13 Marking .72 Annex A (informative) Allowable stresses.73 Annex B (informative) Charact
18、eristic values of gaskets and joints77 Annex C (informative) Calculation procedure .86 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC87 Bibliography88 EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12516-2:2004) has been p
19、repared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 69 “Industrial valves”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by , and conflicting national standards shall
20、be withdrawn at the latest by . This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integr
21、al part of this document. EN 12516, Industrial valves Shell design strength, consists of four parts: Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells Part 3: Experimental method Part 4: Calculation method for valve shells in metallic materials other
22、than steel The annexes A, B and C are informative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar
23、k, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 4 Introduction EN 12516, Industrial valves Shell design
24、strength, is in four parts. Parts 1 and 2 specify methods for determining the thickness of steel valve shells by tabulation or calculation methods respectively. Part 3 establishes an experimental method for assessing the strength of valve shells in steel, cast iron and copper alloy by applying an el
25、evated hydrostatic pressure at ambient temperature. Part 4 specifies methods for calculating the thickness for valve shells in metallic materials other than steel. The calculation method, Part 2 is similar in approach to DIN 3840 where the designer calculates the wall thickness for each point on the
26、 pressure temperature curve using the allowable stress at temperature for the material he has chosen (see Bibliography, reference 1). The allowable stress is calculated from the material properties using safety factors that are defined in Part 2. The equations in Part 2 consider the valve as a press
27、ure vessel and ensure that there is no excessive deformation or plastic instability. The tabulation method, Part 1 is similar in approach to ASME B16.34 in that the designer can look up the required minimum wall thickness of the valve body from a table (see Bibliography, reference 2). The internal d
28、iameter of the straight pipe, into which the valve is to be mounted, gives the reference dimension from which the tabulated wall thicknesses of the body are calculated. The tabulated thicknesses in Part 1 are the minimum thickness in the crotch region and are calculated using an allowable stress equ
29、al to 118 N/mm2 and a calculation pressure, pc, in N/mm2. The values of the calculation pressure, pc, and the equation used for calculating the thickness are given in Part 1. Part 1 specifies Standard and Special pressure temperature ratings for valve bodies having the tabulated thickness. These tab
30、ulated pressure temperature ratings are applicable to a group of materials and are calculated using a selected stress, which is determined from the material properties representative of the group, using safety factors defined in Part 1. Each tabulated pressure temperature rating is given a reference
31、 pressure designation to identify it. The B (Body) pressure designation is used to differentiate it from the PN pressure designation that is used for flanges because the rules for determining the pressure temperature ratings for B and PN designations are different. In the case where a valve body des
32、igned to Part 1 is having PN designated flanged ends, the designer considers the requirements laid down in Part 1 to ensure that the valve body is not weaker than the flange. Maximum allowable pressures for Special ratings are higher than those for Standard ratings as additional non- destructive exa
33、mination of the body used for Special rating allows the use of lower safety factors in calculating the allowable pressure. A merit of the calculation method is that it allows the most efficient design for a specific application using the allowable stresses for the actual material selected for the ap
34、plication. A merit of the tabulation method, which has a fixed set of shell dimensions irrespective of the material of the shell, is that it is possible to have common patterns and forging dies. The allowable pressure temperature rating for each material varies proportionally to the selected stresse
35、s of the material group to which the material belongs. The two methods are based on different assumptions, and as a consequence the detail of the analysis is different (see Bibliography, reference 7). Both methods offer a safe and proven method of designing pressure-bearing components for valve shel
36、ls. EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of EN 12516 specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal pressure of the valve. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These n
37、ormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
38、references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 19, Industrial valves Marking of metallic valves. EN 1092-1, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated Part 1: Steel flanges. EN 1515-1, Flanges
39、and their joints Bolting Part 1: Selection of bolting. EN 1591-1, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 1: Calculation method. EN 13445-3, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design. 3 Symbols and units The following symbols are used: Table 1 Symbols charac
40、teristics and units Symbol Characteristic Unit A elongation after rupture % Bn calculation coefficient for oval cross-sections E modulus of elasticity MPa or N/mm2 e thickness mm f nominal design stress MPa or N/mm2 fd maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases MPa or
41、 N/mm2 fd/t nominal design stress for design conditions at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 fexp nominal design stress for exceptional conditions MPa or N/mm2 kc welding factor p pressure MPa or N/mm2 pc calculation pressure MPa or N/mm2 pd design pressure MPa or N/mm2 PS maximum allowable pressure MPa
42、or N/mm2 Re yield strength MPa or N/mm2 ReH/t upper yield strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 6 Table 1 (concluded) Symbol Characteristic Unit Rm tensile strength MPa or N/mm2 Rm/t tensile strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rm/T/t creep rupture strength for T hours at
43、temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp0,2 0,2 % - proof strength MPa or N/mm2 Rp0,2/t 0,2 % - proof strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0 1,0 % - proof strength MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0/t 1,0 % - proof strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0/T/t 1,0 % - creep proof strength for T hours at tempera
44、ture t C MPa or N/mm2 SF safety factor T time h t temperature C tc calculation temperature C td design temperature C linear expansion factor K1 cone calculation coefficient strain % Poissons ratio 4 General conditions for strength calculation Equations 1 and 2 apply to mainly static internal pressur
45、e stressing. The extent to which these equations can also be applied to pulsating internal pressure stressing is described in clause 12. The total wall thickness is found by adding the following allowances: 2100 ccee c (1) 2111 ccee c (2) where ec0, ec1 are the calculated wall thicknesses in accorda
46、nce with the rules given in this standard at different locations on the valve shell (see Figures 1, 2, 5 and 8 to 20); c1 is a manufacturer tolerance allowance; c2 is a corrosion allowance. The values of the corrosion allowance are: c2 = 1 mm for ferritic and ferritic-martensitic steels; c2 = 0 mm f
47、or all other steels. When checking the wall thickness of existing pressure retaining shells these allowances shall be subtracted from the actual wall thickness. EN 12516-2:2004 (E) 7 5 Design pressure All reasonably foreseeable conditions shall be taken into account, which occur during operation and
48、 standby. Therefore the design pressure pd shall be not less than the maximum allowable pressure PS. 6 Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts 6.1 General The nominal design stresses (allowable stresses) for steels with a minimum elongation after rupture of 14 % and a minimum imp
49、act energy measured on a Charpy-V-notch impact test specimen of 27 J should be calculated in accordance with Table 2. Table 2 Nominal design stresses (allowable stresses) Material Design conditions Creep conditions Steel as defined in 6.2 f = min (Rp0,2/t / 1,5 ; Rm/20 / 2,4) f = Rm/100 000/t / 1,5 Austenitic steel and cast steel as defined in 6.2 f = min (Rp1,0/t / 1,5 ; Rm/20 / 2,4) f = Rm/100 000/t / 1,5 Austenitic steel as defined in 6.3 with rupture elongation 30 % f =