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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13445-1:2002 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Unfired pressure vessels Part 1: General The European Standard EN 13445-1:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 23.020.30 ? Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00
2、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 13445-1:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 June 2002 BSI 26 November 2003 ISBN
3、0 580 39854 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13445-1:2002, including corrigendum July 2003. CEN letter of correction July 2003 reissued pp 3 and 7. When the reference to this European Standard has been published in the Official Journal of the E
4、uropean Communities (OJ), compliance with it will confer a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements covered by the standard in respect of the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC). The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PVE/1, Pressure vessels
5、, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the
6、 section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of this publication are responsible for t
7、heir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK inte
8、rests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when
9、the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments 14674 Corrigendum No. 1 26 November 2003Implementation of CEN letter of correction July 2003 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrol
10、led Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13445-1 May 2002 ICS 23.020.30 English version Unfired pressure vessels - Part 1: General Rcipients sous pression non soumis la flamme - Partie 1: Gnralits Unbefeuerte Druckbehlter - Teil 1: Allgemeines This European Standard was
11、 approved by CEN on 23 May 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and b bliographical references concerning such nation
12、al standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifi
13、ed to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
14、d and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN
15、13445-1:2002 E Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13445-1:2002 (E) Issue 1 (2002-05) Contents Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 7 1.1 General7 1.2 Exclusions7 2 Normative references8 3 Terms and d
16、efinitions .8 4 Quantities, symbols and units10 ANNEX ZA(Informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives12 Bibliography13 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006
17、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13445-1:2002 (E) Issue 7 (2003-07) Foreword This document (EN 13445-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard,
18、 either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Ass
19、ociation, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard concerning “Unfired pressure vessels” comprises the following Parts: Part 1: General. Part 2: Material
20、s. Part 3: Design. Part 4: Fabrication. Part 5: Inspection and testing. Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron. CR 13445-7, Unfired pressure vessels - Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessme
21、nt procedures. Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognised that the Parts are inter-dependant. As such the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels requires the application of all the relevant Parts in order for the requirements of the Standard to be satisfactorily fulfil
22、led. Corrections to the standard interpretations where several options seem possible are conducted through the Migration Help Desk (MHD). The Help Desk can be found at www.unm.asso.fr/en13445en which includes a downloadable form for questions and instructions on how to submit a question. After subje
23、ct experts have agreed an answer, the answer will be communicated to the questioner. Corrected pages will be given a specific issue number and issued by CEN according to CEN rules. Interpretation sheets will be posted on the website. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national st
24、andards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. L
25、icensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13445-1:2002 (E) Issue 1 (2002-05) Introduction EN 13445 specifies the requirements for design, construction, inspection and testing of unfired pressure vessels.
26、 It defines terms, definitions and symbols applicable to unfired pressure vessels. NOTE In EN 13445 the term pressure vessel includes the welded attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed or welded connections, or the edge to be welded at the first circumferential weld at connecting
27、 piping or other elements. The term unfired excludes vessels that are subject to direct generated heat or flame impingement from a fired process. This does not exclude vessels subject to electrical heating or heated process streams. In Parts 1 to 5 only pressure vessels manufactured from steels and
28、steel castings as detailed in Part 2 of this standard are covered. Part 6 specifically deals with spheroidal graphite cast iron and special considerations apply. Part 1 This Part outlines the basic principles underpinning the standard. The manufacturer is required to declare that the technical desig
29、n specification and the supporting documentation are in compliance with the requirements of this standard. Unforeseen factors may arise that require design modifications and/or manufacturing concessions. These need to be handled with the same rigour as the original design. Part 2 This Part deals wit
30、h the general philosophy on materials, material grouping and low temperature behaviour in relation to Room Temperature performance. It is limited to steel with sufficient ductility and excludes at present materials operating in the creep range. Part 2 provides the general requirements for establishi
31、ng technical delivery conditions. Furthermore Part 2 includes the requirements for marking. Four annexes give further details. The normative Annex A includes the material grouping system, which is in accordance with CR ISO 15608:2000. This system is used throughout the whole standard. Furthermore An
32、nex A adds a list of all those material grades based upon European base material standards which are accepted to be used for unfired pressure vessels made to this standard The normative Annex B gives the necessary information on the requirements for the prevention of brittle fracture in the base mat
33、erial and the welds. Two methods based upon a code of practice developed from fracture mechanics are covered. The informative Annex C gives information on technical delivery conditions for clad products. Annex D gives an informative survey on European base material and component standards and their
34、systematic nomenclature. Part 3 This Part of this standard gives the rules to be used for design and calculation under internal and/or external pressure (as applicable) of pressure bearing components of Pressure Vessels, such as shells of various shapes, flat walls, flanges, heat exchanger tubesheet
35、s, including the calculation of reinforcement of openings. Rules are also given for components subject to local loads and to actions other than pressure. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13445-
36、1:2002 (E) Issue 1 (2002-05) For all these components the DBF (Design by Formulae) method is generally followed, i.e. appropriate formulae are given in order to find stresses which have to be limited to safe values. These formulae are generally intended for predominantly non-cyclic loads, which mean
37、s for a number of full pressure cycles not exceeding 500. However general prescriptions are also given for DBA (Design by Analysis) which can be used either to evaluate component designs or loading situations for which a DBF method is not provided, or, more generally, as an alternative to DBF. Metho
38、ds are also given where a fatigue evaluation is required, due to a number of load cycles being greater than 500. There are two alternative methods: a simplified method based on DBF (valid only in case of pressure variations) and a more sophisticated method based on a detailed determination of total
39、stresses using, for example, FEM or experimental methods. This can be used also in the case of variable loads other than pressure. For certain components (such as flanges and tubesheets) also an alternative DBF method (based on limit analysis) has been provided; the choice of which method has to be
40、used in each particular case is left to the Designer. For the time being, the scope of Part 3 is limited to steel components working at temperatures lower than the creep range of the specific material concerned. Part 4 The philosophy in Part 4 is based on existing good practice in current European S
41、tandards, manufacturing and sub-contracting, material traceability, tolerances, welding procedures and qualification, production testing, forming, post weld heat treatment and repairs for steel constructions. Part 4 is not applicable for Part 6 which has separate and different requirements regarding
42、 manufacturing. Part 5 This Part covers all those inspection and testing activities associated with the verification of the pressure vessel for compliance with the standard. Inspection activities include design review by the manufacturer and supporting technical documentation. . Numerous inspection
43、activities, in addition to the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) are described including document control, material traceability, joint preparation and welding. The requirements for testing are predominantly related to individually designed single vessels. However, Annex A provides a procedure for seria
44、lly produced pressure vessels. The level of testing is driven by the selection of the vessel testing group. Basically, the testing group determines the level of NDT and the joint coefficient used in the design. There are four testing groups which are designed to give the same safety by a combination
45、 of several factors. Testing groups take into consideration manufacturing difficulties associated with different groups of steels, maximum permitted thickness, welding processes, service temperature range and the thickness by means of the joint coefficient of the governing joint. (i.e. the full pene
46、tration butt joint that, as a result of the weld joint coefficient, governs the thickness of the component). Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Oct 29 01:04:50 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 13445-1:2002 (E) Issue 1 (2002-05) The testing grou
47、ps are numbered from 1 to 4 in decreasing levels of NDT. However, it was necessary to subdivide testing groups 1, 2 and 3 into subgroups 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b in order to reflect the better behaviour to crack sensitivity of easy to weld steels of groups 1.1, 1.2 and 8.1. A single testing group
48、is normally applied to the entire vessel. However, provided specific requirements are met, a combination of testing groups is permitted. In terms of NDT, the overall philosophy has been the general adoption of ISO/DIS 5817:2000 quality level C for predominantly non-cyclic loaded vessels and level B
49、for vessels subject to cyclic loadings. Part 6 This Part specifies that the manufacturer shall select a testing factor of 0,8 (visual inspection only) or 0,9 (NDT inspection) when a cast pressure vessel or cast part is designed for pressure up to 50 bar and a maximum temperature of 300 C. For component the DBF method is generally followed. Appropriate formulae are given in order that the stresses be limited to safe values. These formulae are generally intended for predomina