《BS EN 1405-2009 人生活用水的水处理用化学物质.藻酸钠1.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS EN 1405-2009 人生活用水的水处理用化学物质.藻酸钠1.pdf（22页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 W - - - - - - - - - -7- -7 - - - $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W W D - w - - - - EN 1405:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Description .5 3.1 Identification .5 3.2 Commercial form .6 3.3 Physical properti
2、es 6 3.4 Chemical properties 7 4 Purity criteria 7 4.1 General 7 4.2 Composition of commercial product .8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products .8 4.4 Chemical Parameters 8 5 Test methods 8 5.1 Sampling .8 5.2 Analyses .8 6 Labelling - Transportation - Storage . 14 6.1 Means of delivery 14 6.2 Risk an
3、d safety labelling in accordance with the EU Directives . 14 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 14 6.4 Marking 14 6.5 Storage . 15 Annex A (informative) General information on sodium alginate . 16 A.1 Origin . 16 A.2 Use . 16 A.3 Rules for safe handling and use . 17 A.4 Emergency procedu
4、res 17 Bibliography . 19 EN 1405:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1405:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi
5、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held
6、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1405:1998. Annex A is informative and gives some information on origin, use and handling of sodium alginate. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followin
7、g countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveni
8、a, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 1405:2009 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard: 1) This standard provides no information as to whether the product may
9、 be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; 2) It should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this
10、standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. WARNING The use of this standard may involve hazardous substanc
11、es, materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all the safety aspects associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prio
12、r to use. EN 1405:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard is applicable to sodium alginate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium alginate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium alginate. 2 Normat
13、ive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical
14、laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in
15、 the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Sodium alginate NOTE Linear glycuronoglycan consisting mainly of (1-4) linked -D-mannuronic acid units and (1-4) linked -L- guluronic acid units in pyranose ring form. 3.1.2 Synonym or co
16、mmon name Algin. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 10 000 to 250 000 approximately. 3.1.4 Empirical formula (C6O6H7Na) n. EN 1405:2009 (E) 6 3.1.5 Chemical formula Sodium alginate (with D-mannuronic acid units) 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number1) 9005-38-3. 3.1.7 EINECS reference2) The EINECS inventory lists al
17、ginic acid, but does not apply numbers to the salts of alginic acid. The EINECS number for alginic acid is 232-68-01. 3.2 Commercial form Sodium alginate as specified in this standard is available as a solid containing a small amount of residual moisture. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance The
18、 product is a white to pale yellowish-brown powder. 3.3.2 Density The bulk density of the product is typically in the range 0,7 g/cm3 to 1,0 g/cm3. 3.3.3 Solubility The product is soluble in hot or cold water. Its solubility is limited only by viscosity, with a paste being formed at concentrations o
19、f approximately 50 g/l and above. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not applicable. 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa Not applicable. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. EN 1405:2009 (E) 7 3.3.6 Melting point The product decomposes at app
20、roximately 200 C. 3.3.7 Specific heat Not applicable. 3.3.8 Viscosity, dynamic Not applicable. 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties Sodium alginate is a non-hazardous material and not intr
21、insically reactive. However, in common with many other organic compounds, a strong exothermic reaction will occur if it is brought into contact in the dry state with a strong oxidizing agent or strong acid. NOTE In dilute solution there can be a reaction with, or destruction by, some of the disinfec
22、tion and oxidizing agents used in water treatment. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium alginate used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depen
23、ding on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity f
24、or treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in the product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemicals parameters where these are likely to be
25、 present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. EN 1405:2009 (E) 8 4.2 Composition of commer
26、cial product The product consists of sodium alginate, moisture and minor levels of inorganic salts (i.e. sodium chloride and sodium sulfate). The following requirements shall apply to sodium alginate: a) sodium alginate content: minimum 80 % mass fraction calculated with reference to the dried subst
27、ance; b) moisture content: less than 15 % mass fraction; c) ash: 18 % mass fraction to 32 % mass fraction on a dry basis; d) pH: 4,8 to 8,8 as 1 % mass fraction solution at 20 C; e) extraneous matter: there shall be no visible extraneous matter. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products Based on the raw m
28、aterials and manufacturing process (see A.1) there are no significant concentration of additional reactants or by-products which are relevant to the application of this product in drinking water treatment. 4.4 Chemical Parameters NOTE For the purpose of this standard, “chemical parameters” are those
29、 defined in the EU Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 1. Chemical parameters as defined above are not relevant at a reference dose of 0,5 mg/l. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling Sampling shall be in accordance with ISO 8213 and the recommendations given in ISO 3165 and ISO 6206 shall be followed. A rep
30、resentative sample of the solid product, of sufficient mass, shall be obtained immediately after manufacture or from a newly opened package(s). The sample shall be clearly labelled with product name/code, batch number, type of container(s) sampled and date sampled. Reference samples shall be retaine
31、d for the storage life of the product as claimed by the manufacturer/supplier. 5.2 Analyses 5.2.1 General Unless otherwise specified, all reagents shall be of recognised analytical grade. The water used shall conform to grade 2 specified in EN ISO 3696. 5.2.2 Main product If additional requirements
32、are agreed between the customer and manufacturer/ supplier, the latter shall provide the necessary methods if requested, so that the customer can carry out his own quality check. A certificate of analysis shall be provided by the manufactured/supplier if requested. EN 1405:2009 (E) 9 5.2.2.1 Sodium
33、alginate content 5.2.2.1.1 General This method is applicable to sodium alginates with alginate content in the range 50 % mass fraction to 100 % mass fraction. 5.2.2.1.2 Principle The sodium alginate (NaAlg) is converted to alginic acid by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid in the presence of pro
34、pan-2-ol. The alginic acid formed is washed with a propan-2-ol/water mixture to remove excess hydrochloric acid. The alginic acid is then titrated with standard volumetric solution alkali. Propan-2-ol is present to prevent solubilisation of low molecular weight fractions of the sodium alginate. NaCl
35、 + AlgH HCl + AlgNa OH + AlgNa NaOH + AlgH 2 5.2.2.1.3 Reagents 5.2.2.1.3.1 Propan-2-ol (isopropanol). 5.2.2.1.3.2 Hydrochloric acid, c(HCl) = 2 mol/l. 5.2.2.1.3.3 Propan-2-ol diluted solution (50 + 50) (V1 + V2) of propan-2-ol with HCl (5.2.2.1.3.2). 5.2.2.1.3.4 Propan-2-ol diluted solution (75 + 2
36、5) (V1 + V2) of propan-2-ol with water. 5.2.2.1.3.5 Sodium hydroxide solution, c(NaOH) = 0,5 mol/l. 5.2.2.1.3.6 Phenolphthalein indicator solution 5.2.2.1.4 Apparatus 5.2.2.1.4.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus and glassware together with the following : 5.2.2.1.4.2 Filter crucible, pore size index P1
37、6 (diameter of pores 10 m to 16 m), 35 ml capacity, clean and dry. 5.2.2.1.4.3 Vacuum pump or water vacuum pump. 5.2.2.1.4.4 Filter flask, 250 ml, fitted with rubber cone. 5.2.2.1.4.5 Stirrer, variable speed, with propeller paddle. 5.2.2.1.4.6 Burette, 25 ml, graduated in 0,1 ml divisions. 5.2.2.1.5
38、 Procedure WARNING Concentrated HCl: causes severe burns. Produces harmful vapours and irritates eyes, respiratory tract and skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wear rubber gloves and eye protection when handling. Hydrochloric acid is not combustible, but can produce corrosive vapours
39、when heated. Hydrochloric acid reacts with many metals to form hydrogen, which forms an explosive mixture with air. EN 1405:2009 (E) 10 Propan-2-ol is highly flammable. Vapours are potentially explosive with low temperature flash point. Propan-2-ol irritates the eyes; vapours can cause drowsiness an
40、d dizziness. Liquid and vapour are toxic. Avoid breathing vapour and any contact particularly with eyes and mouth. Use only where fume extraction is provided. Do not use near a naked light or other exposed heat house. 5.2.2.1.5.1 Test portion Weigh, to the nearest 0,01 g, 3 g of a test sample into t
41、he filter crucible (5.2.2.1.4.2). 5.2.2.1.5.2 Determination Attach the filter crucible to the filter flask with rubber cone (5.2.2.1.4.4) and connect to the water vacuum pump (5.2.2.1.4.3). Add approximately 30 ml to 35 ml of the mixed solution of propan-2-ol with HCl (5.2.2.1.3.3) and mix using a g
42、lass rod. Let the mixture sit for 5 min and then turn on the water vacuum pump and filter product to dryness. Repeat these operations of leaching and filtering until a total of six crucible volumes have been used. Add 30 ml to 35 ml of the mixed solution of propan-2-ol with water (5.2.2.1.3.4) to th
43、e leached product and stir using a glass rod. Let the mixture sit for a few minutes and then turn on the water vacuum pump and filter to dryness. Repeat these operations of washing and filtering until no acid is detectable in the washings using pH paper. At least five crucible volumes should be required. Transfer quantitatively the leached and washed product to a tared 400 ml beaker washing the filter crucible with water. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator (5.2.2.1.3.6) and stir using the variable speed stirrer (5.2.2.1.4.5). Titrate using the sodium hydroxide solu