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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 6200-1: 1991 Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals Part 1: Introduction and contents - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee, was published under the author
2、ity of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 28 June 1991 BSI 07-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ISM/18 Draft for approval 90/46620 July 1991 BSI News ISBN 0 580 19571 6 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation
3、 of this British Standard was entrusted by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/18, upon which the following bodies were represented: BCIRA British Forging Industry Association British Steel Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Gove
4、rnment Chemist) Ferro Alloys and Metals Producers Association Ministry of Defence Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1Scope 1 2Description of the contents of the BS 6200
5、series 1 3General information 1 Appendix A List of contents of the BS 6200 series 3 Publication(s) referred to Inside back cover - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This Part of BS 6200 has been prepared under the direction of the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee. BS 6200 is
6、a multipart British Standard covering all aspects of the sampling and analysis of ferrous metals. This Part provides a general introduction to the Standard and includes a list giving details of all the existing and projected Parts, Sections and Subsections. A British Standard does not purport to inc
7、lude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page
8、s i and ii, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 BSI 07-19991 1 Scope This Part of BS 6200
9、 gives the contents of BS 6200 and provides general information relating to the development and use of succeeding Parts. NOTEThe titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Description of the contents of the BS 6200 series Appendix A lists the conte
10、nts of BS 6200 and gives an indication of which Parts, Sections and Subsections have already been published and which are currently in preparation or envisaged for future development. Further details of the Subsections in Part 3, including ranges of application and correspondence with International
11、or European Standards may be found in BS 6200-3.0. 3 General information 3.1 Background BS 6200 is being developed as a replacement for BSI Handbook No 19, with the intention of providing a complete manual covering all aspects of the sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals unde
12、r one BS number. Handbook No 19, which was published in 1970, was a compilation of methods for the chemical analysis of ferrous metals which in turn superseded the separate Parts of BS 1121. It also included methods for sampling which were identical to those given in BS 1837. The scope of BS 6200 is
13、 wider, in that as well as expanding the Parts relating to chemical analysis and sampling methods, it will also include general guidelines on modern analytical techniques, such as atomic absorption spectrometry, and on the use of statistics in relation to analytical methods. 3.2 Part 2 Methods for s
14、ampling and sample preparation This Part will supersede BS 1837, revising the methods described in it in the light of the best industrial practice and taking into account the provisions contained in relevant international standards. 3.3 Part 3 Methods of analysis 3.3.1 Format Part 3 is divided into
15、separate Sections which have been allocated in alphabetical order to each element for which methods of analysis might be required. Within each Section, individual Subsections cover, as necessary, different techniques and/or different ranges of application. In a few cases, Sections have been reserved
16、 for future development. Although in the past Handbook No 19 methods were developed almost entirely within a national forum, in recent years there has been considerable international and regional, specifically European, activity in the preparation of standard methods for the analysis of iron and ste
17、el. The UK has taken a major part in this work and in many cases has implemented the resultant standards as dual-numbered British Standards. An indication of the origin of each method is given in Section 3.0. For a number of years European Standards for iron and steel, known as “Euronorms”, were pro
18、duced under the auspices of the European Iron and Steel Community. However, following the “New approach to technical harmonization and standards” adopted by the Council of Ministers of the European Community in 1985 to support the establishment of the Single European Market, the European Committee f
19、or Iron and Steel Standardization, (ECISS), was set up in 1986 to prepare European Standards (ENs) for iron and steel. The main difference between Euronorms and ENs is that there is now an obligation on Member States to adopt the latter as national standards. Further to this, in April 1990 it was de
20、cided by the Iron and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) to follow the normal European practice of implementing European Standards under their EN numbers, i.e. EN 12345 would become BS EN 12345. Thus, from that time, except in cases where the European Standard simply adopted the text of a Euro
21、norm or ISO standard which had already been dual-numbered, ENs relating to chemical analysis of iron and steel have been issued as separate BS ENs and not as dual-numbered Subsections of BS 6200-3. The position which such standards would have occupied in the structure of Part 3 is indicated in Appen
22、dix A and also in BS 6200-3.0. 3.3.2 Use The methods incorporated in Part 3 are intended primarily for use as referee methods. At the same time, however, they include a variety of different techniques so as to reflect, as far as possible, modern laboratory practice, and many are suitable for use on
23、a routine day-to-day basis. It is also assumed that the methods will be carried out by competent analysts and that all necessary safety procedures are observed. - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 2 BSI 07-1999 3.3.3 Precision Most of the methods included in Handbook 19 were developed following extensive “ro
24、und robin” testing carried out in the UK and statements relating to the precision that can be expected from them are given in the revised versions incorporated in Part 3. In some cases it has been possible to submit the original results to statistical analysis in accordance with the guidelines given
25、 in BS 5497-1. Some of the earlier ISO and European methods do not include any precision data, but later ones were prepared following more rigorous interlaboratory tests and these methods include detailed precision statements. A full explanation of the various statistical parameters used in the meth
26、ods of Part 3 will be given in BS 6200-5. 3.3.4 Reagents and apparatus All of the methods require that only reagents of recognized analytical grade should be used and that in general water should comply with the requirements for grade 2 specified in BS 3978. The water may be prepared by distillation
27、 or by demineralization, but the latter process may be unsuitable for some methods, for example in the determination of low concentrations of silicon. It may also be necessary to prepare it in an isolated laboratory, for example when intended for use in determinations of nitrogen, or to avoid the us
28、e of glass storage vessels. Full details are given in the appropriate Subsections. A number of liquid reagents are available in more than one concentration, for example ammonia solution, perchloric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids. Where the concentration is critical to the method, quantities fo
29、r alternative strengths are specified. For determinations of elements at very low levels, it may be necessary to test several batches of reagent and select one of adequate purity, for example sulphuric acid used in the determination of nitrogen. In some cases there is a requirement to avoid the use
30、of glass storage vessels for reagent solutions, or to use previously unopened containers, and these precautions should be scrupulously observed. Most methods require that a parallel “blank” determination should be carried out along with each batch of tests. When abnormal values of blank are encounte
31、red the corresponding test results should be discarded. Corrective steps should be taken to identify and remedy the causative conditions or to select purer reagents before repeating the determinations. Although not explicitly stated in some of the earlier methods, all volumetric glassware used shoul
32、d be class A in accordance with BS 846, BS 1583 or BS 1792, as appropriate. Requirements for particular items of equipment, for example, atomic absorption spectrometers, are specified in the individual Subsections. In addition, it is advisable that balances and other apparatus for physical measureme
33、nts should be serviced regularly in order to ensure that there is no gradual deterioration in performance. Balances and weights should also be calibrated at regular intervals using reference weights which in turn have been calibrated so as to provide an unbroken chain of traceability to national mea
34、surement standards held by the National Physical Laboratory. Reference weights should always be kept secure in a suitable environment separate from working weights. 3.4 Part 4 Recommendations for the order of listing elements in the chemical analysis of steel This Part is based on ISO/TR 6306 and fo
35、llows the order originally given in BS 5259, which it supersedes. 3.5 Part 5 Statistics This Part will give a detailed explanation of the various statistical parameters which have been used to determine the precision of the methods given in Part 3 and will include appropriate information from releva
36、nt International and European documents. 3.6 Part 6 Guidelines on atomic absorption spectrometric techniques Sections 6.1 and 6.2 are based, respectively, on the European Information Circulars No 8 and No 9, published by the Commission of the European Communities. Many of the later ISO and European
37、standard methods involving flame atomic absorption spectrometry have been prepared in accordance with the recommendations given in these documents. - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 BSI 07-19993 Appendix A List of contents of the BS 6200 series The following is a list of the Parts, Sections and Subsections
38、 of BS 6200 which are published, in preparation or to be the subject of future development. TitleYear of publication Part 1 Introduction and contents1991 Part 2 Methods of sampling and sample preparation a Part 3 Methods of analysis1991 Section 3.0 Summary of methods Section 3.1 Determination of alu
39、minium 3.1.1 Steel, cast iron and low carbon ferrochromium: volumetric method a 3.1.2 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a 3.1.3 Steel: plasma atomization spectrometric method b 3.1.4 Non-alloyed steel: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method1990 3.1.5 Ferrosilicon: flame atomic abs
40、orption spectrometric method1985 3.1.6 Permanent magnet alloys: volumetric method a Section 3.2 Determination of antimony b Section 3.3 Determination of arsenic 3.3.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a Section 3.4 Determination of bismuth b Section 3.5 Determination of boron 3.5.1 Stee
41、l: spectrophotometric method a 3.5.2 Ferroboron: volumetric method a Section 3.6 Determination of cadmium b Section 3.7 Determination of calcium 3.7.1 Steel: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method1987 Section 3.8 Determination of carbon 3.8.1 See BS EN 100361991 3.8.2 Steel and cast iron: non-
42、aqueous titrimetric method after combustion a 3.8.3 Steel and cast iron: infra-red absorption method after combustion in an induction furnace1990 3.8.4 Steel: coulometric method b 3.8.5 Cast iron and pig iron: gravimetric method for the determination of non-combined carbon a Section 3.9 Determinatio
43、n of cerium b Section 3.10 Determination of chromium1991 3.10.1 See BS EN 24937 3.10.2 Steel and cast iron: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method1990 3.10.3 Steel: plasma atomization spectrometric method b 3.10.4 Ferrochromium and ferrosilico chromium: potentiometric method1985 3.10.5 Ferroch
44、romium: volumetric method a Section 3.11 Determination of cobalt 3.11.1 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method a 3.11.2 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method for trace amounts a a In preparation. b Future development. - - - - - - BS 6200-1:1991 4 BSI 07-1999 TitleYear of publication
45、 Section 3.12 Determination of copper 3.12.1 Steel and cast iron: volumetric method1986 3.12.2 Steel and cast iron: spectrophotometric method1985 3.12.3 Steel and cast iron: flame atomic absorption spectrometric method1986 3.12.4 Cast iron: volumetric method1986 3.12.5 Permanent magnet alloys: volumetric method1986 Section 3.13 Determination of hydrogen b Section 3.14 Determination of iron b Section 3.15 Determination of lanthanum b Section 3.16 Determination of lead 3.16.1 Carbon steel and low alloy steel: gravimetric method1986 3.16.2 Steel: spectrophotometric method1986 3.16.3