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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13509:2003 Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1 Cathodic protection measurement techniques The European Standard EN 13509:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.220.40; 77.060 ? BS EN 13509:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Pol
2、icy and Strategy Committee on 23 June 2003 BSI 1 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 42129 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13509:2003. Attention is drawn to the fact that BS 7361-1:1991, Cathodic protection Part 1: Code of practice for land and marine ap
3、plications, provides general information on cathodic protection. Note that BS 7361-1:1991 will eventually be withdrawn when all the CEN standards relating to cathodic protection currently being prepared are published. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/6
4、03, Cathodic protection, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the
5、BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “ International Standards Correspondence Index” , or by using the “ Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
6、 for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK
7、interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 38, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this
8、document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments 14827 Corrigendum No. 1 1 December 2003 Changes to National foreword EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13509 May 2003 ICS 25.220.40; 77.060 English version Cathodic prot
9、ection measurement techniques Techniques de mesures applicables en protection cathodique Messverfahren fr den kathodischen Korrosionsschutz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 December 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the co
10、nditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three
11、 official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri
12、a, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITE
13、E FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13509:2003 E EN 13509:2003 (E) 2 ContentsPage Foreword.3 Introduction 4 1Scope5 2Normative references5 3Terms,
14、definitions and symbols5 3.1Terms and definitions.5 3.2Symbols .9 4Buried structure to electrolyte potential.10 4.1Electrical equipment.10 4.2Potential measurement.10 4.3Factors influencing the potential measurement11 4.4Potential measurement techniques.13 4.4.1Measuring technique including IR drop
15、(on potential measurement).13 4.4.2Measuring techniques to determine IR free potentials (Eir free).13 5Immersed structure to electrolyte potential.16 5.1Electrical equipment.16 5.2Potential measurements.16 5.2.1Direct potential measurement methods16 5.2.2Indirect potential measurement method.17 6Oth
16、er measurements 17 6.1Current measurements (d.c.).17 6.2Isolating joints.17 6.3Foreign structures.18 6.4Coating.18 Annex A (informative) Table A.1 - Electrodes for Potential Measurements in Soil and/or Aqueous Media19 Annex B (informative) Current reduction technique.20 Annex C (informative) Above g
17、round surveys used to measure pipe to soil potential along a buried pipeline22 Annex D (informative) Above ground surveys used to assess the coating condition and to locate coating defects.23 Annex E (informative) Special off potential measurements in stray currents areas.25 Annex F (informative) Ex
18、planatory note on the use of the intensive measurement technique and the calculation of the IR free potential (EIR free).26 Annex G (informative) Examples of typical coupons and external potential test probe for pipe.28 Annex H (normative) Accuracy of potential measuring equipment.29 Annex I (inform
19、ative) Accuracy of current measurement.31 Annex J (informative) Evaluation of the resistance of isolating joints .33 Annex K (informative) Current injection test on isolating joints .35 Bibliography .37 ? EN 13509:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13509:2003) has been prepared by Technical Commi
20、ttee CEN/TC 219 “Cathodic protection“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
21、 at the latest by November 2003. This European Standard should be considered as a basic document developing general measurement techniques applicable for the protection of buried or immersed metallic structures. Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, J and K are informative. Annex H is normative. This docu
22、ment includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
23、y, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ? EN 13509:2003 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard describes the principles of the different methods of measurement used to assist in the design of the cathodic protection system
24、of a buried or immersed metallic structure, for the verification of its effectiveness and finally for its optimum operational conditions. It deals in particular with the measurement of the structure to electrolyte potential, which indicates whether or not the cathodic protection criterion for the st
25、ructure is met. Apart from specifying the factors, which may influence the measurement of the potential, this European Standard describes the different techniques possible and their suitability in various situations. Further, this European Standard provides parameters to be controlled and measuremen
26、ts to be carried out (potential, potential gradient, current and resistance measurements) to ensure the correct functioning of the cathodic protection system and its effectiveness for the entire structure. Several measurement methods described in general terms in the body of the standard are explain
27、ed in more detail in annexes. These methods differ from one another to account for differences in type or state of the structure, the local environment and the degree of accuracy selected. Measurements on buried structures that are not easily accessible e.g. pipe networks in urban areas are difficul
28、t to implement and interpret. To take measurements without the full knowledge of the problems associated with the measurement technique renders the interpretation of the measurements difficult and leads to incorrect decisions. One of the clauses of this European Standard therefore outlines the diffi
29、culties encountered when measuring structure to electrolyte potentials, and suggests several methods of measurement that take into account, or avoid, these difficulties. Based on knowledge and experience, the most suitable measurement techniques can be selected as described in this European Standard
30、. In order to achieve effective and efficient cathodic protection, measurements should be performed by trained, experienced and responsible personnel. Instrumentation used for measurement should be kept in good working order and should be subjected to periodical calibration and safety checks. ? EN 1
31、3509:2003 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard deals with the cathodic protection against corrosion of buried or immersed metallic structures, detailing the measuring methods to be used for assessing the effectiveness of cathodic protection as well as the measurements and measures taken to monitor c
32、athodic protection during operation. Throughout the text, the measurement techniques are described primarily for pipelines. However, they are sufficiently general to apply to other kinds of buried or immersed (except offshore) structures. General principles with regard to cathodic protection are des
33、cribed in EN 12954. Other measurement methods specific to particular cases are described in other European Standards e.g. prEN 50162. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at
34、the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of
35、the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12954:2001, Cathodic protection of buried or immersed metallic structures General principles and application for pipelines EN ISO 8044:1999, Corrosion of metals and alloys Basic terms and definitions (ISO 8044:1999) 3 Terms, definitions
36、and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard the following terms and definitions apply. For other terms and definitions related to corrosion refer to EN ISO 8044:1999 and to cathodic protection refer to EN 12954:2001. 3.1.1 anode backfill material with a low resis
37、tivity, which may be moisture-retaining, immediately surrounding a buried anode for the purpose of decreasing the effective resistance of the anode to the electrolyte 3.1.2 backfill see anode backfill 3.1.3 bond metal conductor, usually of copper, connecting two points on the same or on different st
38、ructures usually with the intention of making the points equipotential ? EN 13509:2003 (E) 6 3.1.4 buried structure any metal construction built or laid beneath ground level or built on ground level and then covered with earth 3.1.5 calomel reference electrode reference electrode consisting of mercu
39、ry and mercurous chloride in a solution of potassium chloride 3.1.6 cathodic protection system entire installation, including active and passive elements, that provides cathodic protection 3.1.7 cell current current flowing in a corrosion cell 3.1.8 coating defect deficiency in the protective coatin
40、g (e.g. holidays, porosity) 3.1.9 coating resistance or structure to soil resistance (Rco) electrical resistance between a coated metal and the electrolyte expressed in ohms. It is determined largely by the size and number of coating defects, coating pores and the electrolyte resistivity 3.1.10 copp
41、er/saturated copper sulphate reference electrode reference electrode consisting of copper in a saturated solution of copper sulphate 3.1.11 coupon representative metal sample used to quantify the extent of corrosion or the effectiveness of applied cathodic protection 3.1.12 d.c. traction system elec
42、trical traction system powered by direct current NOTEIf these systems have the return circuit earthed at more than one point or are not completely isolated they can generate stray currents, which may cause corrosion damage. 3.1.13 d.c. industrial plant electrical system, other than a traction system
43、, powered by direct current NOTEIf these systems use the earth as a part of the return circuit, they can generate stray currents, which may cause corrosion damage. Cathodic protection systems use the earth as a part of the circuit. 3.1.14 electrolyte liquid, or the liquid component in a medium such
44、as soil, in which electric current flows by the movement of ions 3.1.15 electrolyte resistivity ( ) the specific electric resistance of the electrolyte assuming that the electrolyte is homogeneous NOTEUsually expressed in m. ? EN 13509:2003 (E) 7 3.1.16 equalising currents currents that flow between
45、 areas of different polarisation after switching off the protection current. Equalising currents can be a source of error in measuring IR free potentials 3.1.17 external potential test probe installation comprising a coupon with an associated reference electrode to provide structure to electrolyte p
46、otential measuring facilities devoid of IR drop errors 3.1.18 foreign anode see Foreign Electrode 3.1.19 foreign cathode see Foreign Electrode 3.1.20 foreign electrode foreign electrode is either a foreign anode or a foreign cathode. A foreign anode is a metal or a conductive material in contact wit
47、h the structure under consideration which has a more negative potential than the structure and a foreign cathode is a metal or a conductive material in contact with the structure under consideration, which has a more positive potential than the structure 3.1.21 foreign structures any neighbouring st
48、ructure other than the structure that is under consideration 3.1.22 galvanic anode anode that provides cathodic protection current by means of galvanic action 3.1.23 holiday defect in a protective coating at which metal is exposed to the environment 3.1.24 immersed structure any metal construction,
49、or part of a construction laid in a liquid environment such as fresh water (rivers, lakes), brackish water (estuaries), or sea water 3.1.25 insulated flange flanged joint between adjacent lengths of pipe in which the nuts and bolts are electrically insulated from one or both of the flanges and the gasket is non-conducting, so that there is an electrical discontinuity in the pipeline at that point 3.1.26 interference any change of the structure