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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 445:2007 Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods The European Standard EN 445:2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.10; 91.100.30 ? Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI BS EN 445:2007 This British Standard was published under
2、the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2007 BSI 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 55812 2 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 445:2007. It supersedes BS EN 445:1997 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by
3、Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/2, Structural use of concrete. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
4、 contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROP
5、ENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 445 October 2007 ICS 91.100.30Supersedes EN 445:1996 English Version Grout for prestressing tendons - Test methods Coulis pour cble de prcontrainte - Mthode dessaisEinpressmrtel fr Spannglieder - Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2007. CEN mem
6、bers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicat
7、ion to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has
8、the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Port
9、ugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any mean
10、s reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 445:2007: E Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI EN 445:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 The testing of grout.5 4.1 General5 4.1.
11、1 Personnel5 4.1.2 Test conditions 5 4.1.3 Test reports5 4.2 Sieve test 6 4.2.1 Principle of test6 4.2.2 Apparatus.6 4.2.3 Procedure.6 4.2.4 Reporting6 4.3 Fluidity test.6 4.3.1 Cone method6 4.3.2 Grout spread method 8 4.4 Inclined tube test .9 4.4.1 Principle of test9 4.4.2 Test equipment and set-u
12、p.10 4.4.3 Test procedure.10 4.4.4 Reporting of results.11 4.5 Wick-induced test12 4.5.1 Principle of test12 4.5.2 Equipment 12 4.5.3 Procedure.12 4.5.4 Reporting of results.12 4.6 Compressive strength test .13 4.6.1 Principle of the test13 4.6.2 Apparatus.13 4.6.3 Test procedure.14 4.7 Density test
13、.14 4.7.1 Principle of test14 4.7.2 Apparatus.14 4.7.3 Reporting of results.14 Bibliography15 Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 445:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 445:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC
14、 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
15、the latest by April 2008. This document supersedes EN 445:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
16、and, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f
17、x w . c o m EN 445:2007 (E) 4 Introduction In post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction, the grouting of tendons is an important operation. The intention of this European Standard is to provide a specification for grouting, compliance with which will satisfy the requirements in prEN 13670. Th
18、e testing regimes anticipated by this European Standard include three levels: (1) Initial type and audit testing in accordance with EN 447; (2) Suitability testing for confirmation of the selected grout for a specific project in accordance with EN 446; (3) Inspection during the production of grout o
19、n a specific project in accordance with EN 446. The test methods for each of the regimes are given in this standard. Some tests given herein are alternatives and it will be necessary to relate the chosen test method to the specified requirements. The tests are reference tests for checking suitabilit
20、y of grout for use with any type of tensile steel element. System of CEN and EOTA documents as basis for design, execution and materials selection for protective measures of prestressing systems (only main modules). EN 1992 Eurocode 2:Design of concrete structures prEN 13670 Execution of concrete st
21、ructures ETAG 013 Post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures EN 446 Grout for prestressing tendons Grouting procedures EN 447 Grout for prestressing tendons Basic requirements EN 445 Grout for prestressing tendons Test methods CEN Workshop Agreement CWA 14646 Requirements for the installati
22、on of post-tensioning kits for prestressing of structures and qualification of specialist company and its personnel. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 445:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes the test methods for grout sp
23、ecified in EN 447. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the test methods given in this standard (reference test methods). The test methods are applicable to grout for all types of structures including bridges and buildings. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis
24、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement Determination of strength EN 447, Grout for prestressing
25、tendons Basic Requirements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 grout homogeneous mixture of cement and water, it may contain admixtures and additions 4 The testing of grout 4.1 General 4.1.1 Personnel The grouts shall be tested by
26、 competent personnel experienced in the subject. 4.1.2 Test conditions Testing shall be carried out at specified temperatures. The grout for the tests shall be made from materials specified in EN 447 and mixed in accordance with EN 447. NOTE EN 446 requires suitability testing to be carried out usin
27、g the same type of mixing equipment as is used for the actual site operations, hence it is preferable to also use the same type of equipment for all testing. 4.1.3 Test reports All test reports shall include the following information as a minimum: a) reference to this European Standard; b) name and
28、address of the testing laboratory; c) identification number of the test report; d) name and address of the organisation or person who ordered the test; Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 445:2007 (E) 6 e) name and address of the manufact
29、urer or supplier of the product(s); f) name or other identification mark of the product; g) date of fabrication, and if relevant, supply of the product; h) date of manufacture of test specimens; i) date of test; j) temperature of the fresh grout and ambient temperature; k) batching and mixing proced
30、ures used; l) specification of the grout mixer used; m) identification of test equipment used, including where appropriate, calibration details; n) individual results for the required test; o) any inaccuracies or uncertainty of test results; p) date and signature of the person responsible for the te
31、sts. 4.2 Sieve test 4.2.1 Principle of test The test consists of pouring a quantity of grout through a sieve to check for the absence of lumps on the sieve 4.2.2 Apparatus A 150 mm diameter sieve with an aperture 2 mm. 4.2.3 Procedure Pour a minimum of 1 l of freshly mixed grout through the sieve. N
32、OTE This may be carried out while filling the fluidity test cone. 4.2.4 Reporting Report the absence of lumps on the sieve. 4.3 Fluidity test NOTE Two test methods are described, only one is to be performed as appropriate for the type or characteristics of the grout. 4.3.1 Cone method 4.3.1.1 Princi
33、ple of test The fluidity of grout, expressed in seconds, is measured by the time necessary for a stated quantity of grout (1 l) to pass through the orifice of the cone, under stated conditions. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 445:2007
34、 (E) 7 4.3.1.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is required for the test: a) Cone of the dimensions given in Figure 1. The cone shall be of smooth non-absorbent material. The volume of the cone (excluding the cylindrical portions at top and bottom) shall be (1,7 0,17) l. b) Stopwatch showing time t
35、o 0,1 s. c) Graduated cylinder of minimum 1 l capacity and with a diameter of approximately 60 mm. d) Thermometer. NOTE The cone in Figure 1 is available in plastic. 4.3.1.3 Test procedure 4.3.1.3.1 Preparation Mount the cone with its axis vertical and its largest diameter uppermost and support firm
36、ly in position. During the test prevent the cone from vibrating. Place the cylinder under the cone outlet. All surfaces of the cone shall be clean and shall be dampened so that the surfaces are moist but without free water. Close the lower cone orifice. 4.3.1.3.2 Procedure Pour the grout to fill the
37、 conical section of the cone. The grout shall be poured sufficiently slowly to prevent a build-up of air. Open the lower cone orifice and at the same time start the stopwatch. Measure the time taken to the nearest 0,5 s, for 1 l of grout to run into the cylinder. The grout shall be kept agitated whi
38、le waiting further testing if required. 4.3.1.4 Reporting of results Report the time measured. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 445:2007 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Dimensions are internal Figure 1 Cone for fluidity test 4.3.2 Grou
39、t spread method 4.3.2.1 Principle of test The grout spread test measures the fluidity of thixotropic grouts. The fluidity is measured by the diameter of the circle of grout spread on a smooth plate after a fixed period. 4.3.2.2 Apparatus The following apparatus is required for the test: a) Glass or
40、polished steel plate with a minimum diameter of 300 mm. b) Stiff mould made of steel or plastic with an internal diameter of 39 mm and a height of 60 mm. c) Stopwatch showing time to 0,1 s. d) Thermometer. e) Ruler with a minimum length of 300 mm and a 1 mm graduation. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLE
41、GE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI EN 445:2007 (E) 9 4.3.2.3 Test procedure 4.3.2.3.1 Preparation The spread test is carried out on the horizontal plate. Ensure that the surfaces of the mould and plate are clean and slightly moistened. If necessary apply a thin film of petroleum jelly (e.g. Vase
42、line) to the brim of the mould in contact with the plate to prevent the mould from leaking during filling with grout. 4.3.2.3.2 Procedure Put the mould on the plate and prevent it from sliding. Pour the grout slowly into the mould until the level of the grout has reached the upper brim. The mould is
43、 steadily lifted from the plate and kept above the spread for a maximum of 30 s before it is taken away. The spread is measured in two perpendicular directions at 30 s after the start of lifting the mould. 4.3.2.4 Reporting of results Report the spread diameter as the average measured in the two per
44、pendicular directions across the grout spread in millimetres. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Cylinder (steel or plastic tube) 2 Smooth plate Figure 2 Grout spread test 4.4 Inclined tube test 4.4.1 Principle of test This test serves to determine the bleed properties and volume stability of grout at
45、full scale and includes the filtering effect of strands. The test consists of measuring the quantity of water and air remaining on the surface of the grout which has been allowed to stand protected from evaporation. NOTE In a first test phase, the bleed water and air accumulated on top of a tube fil
46、led with grout should be determined. The grout is injected and is allowed to set so that water losses due to evaporation are prevented. In a second phase, the effect of re-grouting of a tube on bleed water and air accumulated can be determined. Licensed copy:PONTYPRIDD COLLEGE, 05/01/2008, Uncontrol
47、led Copy, BSI EN 445:2007 (E) 10 4.4.2 Test equipment and set-up a) 2 transparent tubes, of approximately 80 mm diameter and 5 m long, equipped with caps at each end including grout inlet at the lower end, and grout vent at the top. The tubes and caps shall be able to sustain the proposed grout pres
48、sure. b) 12 prestressing strands 15-16 mm per tube, i.e. a total of 24, length (approximately 5 m) to just fit between the caps on the tubes. c) Thermometer. 4.4.3 Test procedure 4.4.3.1 General The two tubes are fixed on their supports to avoid noticeable deflections, at an inclination of (30 2) ag
49、ainst a horizontal reference line. Twelve strands shall be installed in each tube. The caps are subsequently sealed on the tube ends, see Figure 3. The cap shall allow internal inspection for presence of any air or water. The grout is prepared in accordance with the grouting method statement. Specimens shall be taken from the grout mix to measure its fluidity. 4.4.3.2 Grouting of first tube (Tube 1) Grout is injected into Tube 1 from the b