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1、 W - - - - - - - - 77 - - 7- - - 77- - 7- - - - - - $ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - W W D - - w - - - - EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Types of test methods.7 4.1 General7
2、4.2 Nature of pollutant used .7 4.3 Nature of the test environment.8 4.3.1 General8 4.3.2 Laboratory methods8 4.3.3 Field method.8 4.4 Summary of methods9 5 Basis for selection of test methods.9 5.1 General9 5.2 Selection relative to the assessment parameter9 5.3 Selection relative to the test envir
3、onment 10 5.4 Selection relative to the nature of the pollutant .10 6 Statistical evaluation.11 6.1 Calculation of the mean 11 6.2 Confidence interval for the mean.11 Annex A (informative) Standards suitable for the measurement of fluid flow rates12 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this E
4、uropean Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC13 Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC14 Bibliography15 EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 1093-1:2008) has been prepared by T
5、echnical Committee CEN/TC 114 “Safety of machinery”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be
6、 withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1093-1:1998. Fo
7、r relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document. This part 1 of EN 1093 Safety of machinery - Evaluation of the emission of airborne hazardous substances belongs to a series of documents, the other parts of which are the following: Pa
8、rt 2: Tracer gas method for the measurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant; Part 3: Test bench method for the measurement of the emission rate of a given pollutant; Part 4: Capture efficiency of an exhaust system, tracer method; Part 6: Separation efficiency by mass, unducted outlet; Part
9、 7: Separation efficiency by mass, ducted outlet; Part 8: Pollutant concentration parameter, test bench method; Part 9: Pollutant concentration parameter, room method; Part 11: Decontamination index. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follo
10、wing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slov
11、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows: Type-A standards (basic safety standards) giving basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that can be applied to all
12、 machinery; Type-B standards (generic safety standards) dealing with one safety aspect or one type of safeguard that can be used across a wide range of machinery: Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise); Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g.
13、 two-hand controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive devices, guards); Type-C standards (machine safety standards) dealing with detailed safety requirements for a particular machine or group of machines. This European Standard is a type-B standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1. The provisions
14、of this European Standard can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard. For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type-C standard take precedence over the provis
15、ions of this type-B standard. The concentration level of substances resulting from emission of airborne hazardous substances from machines depends upon factors including: emission rate of airborne hazardous substances (“pollutants“) from the machine under examination, depending of the type of proces
16、s and the production rate of the machine; performance of the pollutant control system associated with the machine and, in the case of air recirculation, the performance of the separation system; surrounding conditions, especially the air flow pattern, which can reduce the pollution (efficient genera
17、l ventilation) or increase it (disturbing air, crossdraughts); workers location in relation to the machine and its pollutant control system, and taking into account the workers movements; quality of maintenance; poor quality has generally an adverse effect on the performance of the pollutant control
18、 and the separation systems. This European Standard concerns the first two points in this list and forms only one part of a comprehensive risk assessment. It is not for a risk assessment of the workplace. Evaluation of the parameters defined in this European Standard leads to an evaluation of the pe
19、rformance of the machine and its associated pollutant control system. This European Standard can be used as a part of verification described in EN 626-2. EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies parameters which can be used for the assessment of the emission of pollutants from m
20、achines or the performance of the pollutant control systems integrated in machines. It gives guidance on the selection of appropriate test methods according to their various fields of application and types of machines including the effects of measures to reduce exposures to pollutants. The test meth
21、ods are given in additional parts of this European Standard (see Table 1 and Annex A). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
22、 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 626-2, Safety of machinery Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery Part 2: Methodology leading to verification procedures EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles fo
23、r design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 uncontrolled emission rate of a given pollutant u m E q flow rate of tracer emitted (measu
24、red by emitting the tracer directly into exhaust system during the first phase) NOTE 3 For further details, see EN 1093-4:1996+A1:2008, Clause 5. 3.4 separation efficiency by mass s ratio of the mass of pollutant retained by the air cleaning system (m3) to the mass of pollutant entering the air clea
25、ning system (m1) during a given period NOTE 1 For special applications the number of fibres or particles is measured instead of the mass. NOTE 2 The separation efficiency of an air cleaning system, as a percentage, can be calculated by the following equation: 100 1 3 s m m (3) NOTE 3 In certain case
26、s it can be necessary to consider only that part of pollutants (e.g. size of particles) which is actually hazardous for exposed persons; e.g. separation efficiency of a separation system against hazardous dust is measured as a function of particle size otherwise the results are possibly not reliable
27、 for health and safety purposes. 3.5 pollutant concentration parameter Pc the measured concentration of a given pollutant in defined position(s) near the machine EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 7 3.6 decontamination index IA the average of the ratio, obtained at a number of specified locations in the surrounding
28、s, of the ambient air quality improvement to the real pollutant mean concentration with the pollutant control system not in operation NOTE 1 Corrections can be necessary to take into account air pollution caused by other operations (“the background level“). NOTE 2 The decontamination index can be ca
29、lculated by the following equation: ii ii n i CC CC n I fa ma 1 A 1 (4) where Cai real pollutant concentration measured at specified location in the surrounding under the following condition: machine in operation, pollutant control system not in operation; Cmi real pollutant concentration measured a
30、t specified location in the surrounding under the following condition: machine and pollutant control system in operation; Cfi real pollutant concentration measured at specified location in the surrounding under the following condition: machine and pollutant control system not in operation (“the back
31、ground level“); n number of specified locations NOTE 3 When the “background level“ is negligible, the decontamination index reduces to: i i C C n I n ia m 1 A 1 1 (5) 4 Types of test methods 4.1 General When particle size distribution is determined at the same time as pollutant concentration, an ass
32、essment parameter for each size fraction can be defined. For the determination of each assessment parameter (see Clause 3), different test methods can be considered. The test methods should be selected according to the following criteria: nature of pollutant used; nature of the test environment. 4.2
33、 Nature of pollutant used As far as possible, the real pollutant should be used for the testing. However, in some cases tracer techniques allow a more convenient testing. The addition of tracer material to the real pollutant requires several conditions to be met, in particular comparable discharge a
34、nd flow patterns of the real pollutant and the tracer material, respectively. Depending on the test method, two types of pollutants shall be considered: real pollutant which may be an aerosol (solid or liquid) or a gas; EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 8 tracer material simulating the real pollutant. When determi
35、ning the emission rate of real pollutant without any air flow measurement, the real pollutant and the tracer material are simultaneously used. The measurements of concentrations can be carried out: in ducts together with air flow rate measurements; at locations surrounding the machine under examinat
36、ion. 4.3 Nature of the test environment 4.3.1 General Two main types of environmental test conditions may be considered, and, in some cases, can lead to different test methods. 4.3.2 Laboratory methods 4.3.2.1 Test bench method The tests are conducted in a cabin specially designed to these tests or
37、measurements, and of known and limited dimensions. The cabin contains a single machine in order to avoid any interference from other machines on the pollution around the tested machine and on the air flow rate through the pollutant control system. The air flow pattern around the machine should be ma
38、intained by the provision of specified general ventilation of the cabin. NOTE In this type of method, the conditions of general ventilation, as well as the operating conditions of the machine, are fixed and, to some extent, arbitrary. Consequently, most of the time they are not representative of the
39、 actual situations encountered in practice. 4.3.2.2 Room method The tests are conducted in a room specially devoted to these tests or measurements, and located in a laboratory or on-site in an industrial setting. Only one machine should be run at a time. More precise control of the general and local
40、 ventilation can be achieved than in the field. Since the location of the machine is not fixed, the air flow pattern around the machine shall be checked to determine the influence of crossdraughts. NOTE In this type of method, the conditions of general ventilation, as well as the operating condition
41、s of the machine, are fixed and, to some extent, arbitrary. Consequently, they are not in general representative of the actual situations encountered in practice. 4.3.3 Field method Many machines cannot be tested in a cabin (see 4.3.2.1) or a room (see 4.3.2.2) because they are too large, too diffic
42、ult to handle or have special installation or process requirements. Tests may be performed on machines in the places where they are installed. Performing field tests on machines in their usual working environment is of particular importance because disturbances occurring in real situations will be t
43、aken into account (e.g. crossdraughts). EN 1093-1:2008 (E) 9 Care should be taken prior and during the test to determine the operating conditions of the machine under examination and of its pollutant control system, as well as operating conditions of the other machinery the pollution of which can affect the results. NOTE This effect can be avoided by using a suitable tracer method. The operating conditions of the machine under examination and the other equipment shall be recorded. Additional measurements can also be n