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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 474-3:2006 +A1:2009 Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 3: Requirements for loaders ICS 53.100 ? BS EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 62367 7 N
2、ational foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009. It supersedes BS EN 474-3:2006, which is withdrawn. The UK participation in itspreparationwasentrustedby TechnicalCommittee B/513, Construction equipment and plant and site safety, to Subcommittee B/513/1, Eart
3、h moving machinery (International). A list of organizations represented onthis Subcommitteecan be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Britis
4、h Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments 31 May2009Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2009 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN tex
5、t carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by. A1A1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 474-3:2006+A1 February 2009 ICS 53.100Supersedes EN 474-3:2006 English Version Earth-moving machinery - Safety - Part 3: Requirements for
6、loaders Engins de terrassement - Scurit - Partie 3: Prescriptions applicables aux chargeuses Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 3: Anforderungen fr Lader This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 20 December 2008. CEN members are bound t
7、o comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN M
8、anagement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status
9、as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, S
10、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl
11、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009: E EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4? Introduction .6? 1?Scope 7? 2?Normative references 7? 3?Terms and definitions .8? 4?List of additional significant hazards 8? 5?Safety requirements and/or measures 8? 5.1?General 8
12、? 5.2?Loaders with front access 9? 5.3?Operators seat .9? 5.4?Rear window(s) 9? 5.5?Protection .9? 5.6?Stability 11? 6?Information for use . 16? Annex A (normative) List of significant additional hazards Loaders . 17? Annex B (informative) Illustrations . 18? Annex ZA (informative) Relationship betw
13、een this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC . 21? Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC“ 22? Bibliography . 23? Figures Figure 1 Deflection-limiting volume (DLV), front view
14、 10 Figure 2 Load centre distance with fork arms . 13 Figure B.1 Wheel loader . 18 Figure B.2 Compact wheel loader . 18 Figure B.3 Skid steer loader . 19 Figure B.4 Crawler loader . 19 Figure B.5 Wheel loader with fork arms 20 Figure B.6 Wheel loader with grapple . 20 ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 3 T
15、ables Table 1 Stability factors in fork application 12 Table 2 Load centre distance . 12 Table 3 Stability factors in log handling 13 Table 4 Stability factors in single heavy object handling in transport mode 14 Table 5 Load centre distance . 15 Table A.1 List of additional significant hazards . 17
16、 ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151 “Construction equipment and building material machines Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national st
17、andard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-12-20. This document supersedes !EN 474-3:2006“. The s
18、tart and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive. !For relationship wit
19、h EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document.“ For bibliographic references, see !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“. EN 474 “Earth-moving machinery Safety“ comprises the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers Part
20、 3: Requirements for loaders Part 4: Requirements for backhoe-loaders Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators Part 6: Requirements for dumpers Part 7: Requirements for scrapers Part 8: Requirements for graders Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers Part 10: Requirements for trenchers Part 11: Req
21、uirements for earth and landfill compactors Part 12: Requirements for cable excavators. This European Standard is intended for use in combination with part 1 of the series. ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 5 According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the fo
22、llowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, S
23、lovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 6 Introduction This part of EN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scop
24、e of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the
25、provisions of this type C standard. ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 7 1 Scope This part of EN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to loaders as defined in EN ISO 6165:2006, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably for
26、eseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This part also deals with fork application, single heavy object handling application, object handling application and log handling. The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in !EN 474- 1:2006+A1:2009“. This par
27、t does not repeat the requirements from !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, but adds or replaces the requirements for application for loaders. This part specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during commiss
28、ioning, operation and maintenance of loaders. This European Standard is not applicable to loaders manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. F
29、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements !EN ISO 2867:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Access system
30、s (ISO 2867:2006, including Cor 1:2008)“ !EN ISO 3164:2008“, Earth-moving machinery Laboratory evaluations of protective structures Specifications for deflecting-limiting volume (ISO 3164:1995) !EN ISO 3449:2008“, Earth-moving machinery Falling-object protective structures Laboratory tests and perfo
31、rmance requirements (ISO 3449:2005) !EN ISO 3457:2008“, Earth-moving machinery Guards Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003) !EN ISO 6682:2008“, Earth-moving machinery Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986 including Amendment 1:1989) !EN ISO 7096:2008“, Earth-moving machinery
32、Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration (ISO 7096:2000) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks Fork arms Technical characteristics and testing !ISO 6016:
33、2008“, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric ratings ? EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 8 !ISO 14397-1:2007“, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and bac
34、khoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in !EN 474- 1:2006+A1:2009“, EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and the following apply. Terminology
35、 for loaders is specified in ISO 7131:1997 and the most common loaders are illustrated in Annex B of this European Standard. NOTE Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this document. 3.1 loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine, hav
36、ing a front-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading operation (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine NOTE 1 A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material. NOTE 2 Derivative machinery; loaders can also b
37、e used for derivative application (see !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 3.1.2). 3.2 compact loader loader with an operating mass (see !ISO 6016:2008“) of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in confined spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability 3.3 skid steer loader loader normally having a
38、n operators station between attachment-supporting structures and steered by using variation of speed and/or direction of rotation between traction drives on opposite sides of a machine with fixed axles 3.4 swing loader loader having a swing type lift arm with a swinging angle to the left and right f
39、rom a straight position NOTE A swing loader work cycle is normally similar to a loader cycle but additionally work can be done offset of the machine track. 4 List of additional significant hazards See Annex A. NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and ev
40、ents, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General Loaders shall comply with the requirements of !EN 474-1:2
41、006+A1:2009“, as far as not modified or replaced by the requirements of this part. EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 9 5.2 Loaders with front access 5.2.1 General For loaders with front access the reference to !EN ISO 2867:2008“ applies with the deviations given in 5.2.2 and 5.2.3. 5.2.2 Primary access open
42、ing The primary opening shall not be less than: opening height 875 mm; opening width 550 mm. 5.2.3 Alternative egress opening (emergency exit) An alternative opening shall be provided. Minimum dimension of the emergency exit shall comply with !11.2 b) of EN ISO 2867:2008“. 5.3 Operators seat !EN 474
43、-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5.4.1 applies with the addition that the seat shall meet the requirements of the following input spectral class according to !EN ISO 7096:2008“: EM3 for wheel loaders greater than 4 500 kg; EM6 for crawler loaders; EM8 for compact wheel loaders less or equal than 4 500 kg; EM9 for
44、skid steer loaders. 5.4 Rear window(s) The requirements of !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5.3.2.7 and 5.3.2.9 for the rear window(s) apply, with the exception that no motorized wiper(s) and washers are required for loaders with a cab width less than or equal to 750 mm measured outside of the cab in the he
45、ight of SIP. 5.5 Protection 5.5.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5.3.3, applies with the following addition for compact loaders: The portion of deflection-limiting volume (DLV) above the LA (SIP) line according to !EN ISO 3164:2008“ is allowed to deviate (lean) up to
46、 15 laterally as shown in Figure 1, when the minimum energy requirement is met. Portion below the LA (SIP) line of DLV can be disregarded. EN 474-3:2006+A1:2009 (E) 10 Key 1 up to 15 2 LA 3 Seat index point (SIP) Figure 1 Deflection-limiting volume (DLV), front view 5.5.2 Falling object protective s
47、tructures (FOPS) !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5.3.4 applies with the following addition for compact loaders: !Machines with an operating mass less than or equal to 700 kg according to ISO 6016:2008 shall be fitted with a falling-object protective structure (FOPS), when they are intended for applications
48、 where there is a risk of falling objects. If FOPS is fitted, it shall meet the performance requirements of EN ISO 3449:2008 Level 1.“ 5.5.3 Fenders !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5.14.7 does not apply to compact loaders with front access. 5.5.4 Operators controls and indicators !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009“, 5
49、.5 applies with the following additions for compact loaders with front access: Controls for lifting and lowering the loader linkage, machine movement and hydraulically controlled attachments (e. g. multi-purpose bucket) shall be either automatically mechanically secured, e. g. by a safety bar; or automatically deact