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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1998-5:2004 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects The European Standard EN 1998-5:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.25 ? Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu
2、Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1998-5:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 April 2005 BSI 8 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45873 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English lang
3、uage version of EN 1998-5:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 1998-5:1996 which is withdrawn. The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium, which is to enable a common date
4、 of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years all
5、owed for the national calibration period during which the national annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent p
6、eriod. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Structural eurocodes, to Subcommittee B/525/8, Structures in seismic regi
7、ons, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a
8、 note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1998 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a Nation
9、al Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. There are generally no requirements in the UK to consider seismic loading, and the whole of the UK may be considered an area of very low seismicity in which the provisions of EN 1998 need apply. H
10、owever, certain types of structure, by reason of their function, location or form, may warrant an explicit consideration of seismic actions. It is the intention in due course to publish separately background information on the circumstances in which this might apply in the UK. Cross-references The B
11、ritish Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards
12、Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respo
13、nsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cov
14、er, the EN title page, pages 2 to 44, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT
15、+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1998-5 November 2004 ICS 91.120.25Supersedes ENV 1998-5:1994 English version Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects Euro
16、code 8: Calcul des structures pour leur rsistance aux sismes Partie 5: Fondations, ouvrages de soutnement et aspects gotechniques Eurocode 8: Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben Teil 5: Grndungen, Sttzbauwerke und geotechnische Aspekte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.
17、CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on a
18、pplication to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat h
19、as the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, S
20、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl
21、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1998-5:2004: E Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 2 Contents FOREWORD4 1GENERAL.8 1.1SCOPE8 1.2NORMATIVE REFERENCES8 1.2.1General reference standards8 1.3ASSUMPTION
22、S9 1.4DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS RULES9 1.5TERMS AND DEFINITIONS.9 1.5.1Terms common to all Eurocodes9 1.5.2Additional terms used in the present standard9 1.6SYMBOLS.9 1.7S.I. UNITS11 2SEISMIC ACTION.12 2.1DEFINITION OF THE SEISMIC ACTION12 2.2TIME-HISTORY REPRESENTATION.12 3GRO
23、UND PROPERTIES13 3.1STRENGTH PARAMETERS13 3.2STIFFNESS AND DAMPING PARAMETERS.13 4REQUIREMENTS FOR SITING AND FOR FOUNDATION SOILS14 4.1SITING14 4.1.1General .14 4.1.2Proximity to seismically active faults.14 4.1.3Slope stability.14 4.1.3.1General requirements14 4.1.3.2Seismic action.14 4.1.3.3Metho
24、ds of analysis.15 4.1.3.4Safety verification for the pseudo-static method.16 4.1.4Potentially liquefiable soils.16 4.1.5Excessive settlements of soils under cyclic loads.18 4.2GROUND INVESTIGATION AND STUDIES18 4.2.1General criteria.18 4.2.2Determination of the ground type for the definition of the
25、seismic action.19 4.2.3Dependence of the soil stiffness and damping on the strain level19 5FOUNDATION SYSTEM21 5.1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS21 5.2RULES FOR CONCEPTUAL DESIGN.21 5.3DESIGN ACTION EFFECTS22 5.3.1Dependence on structural design22 5.3.2Transfer of action effects to the ground22 5.4VERIFICATION
26、S AND DIMENSIONING CRITERIA.23 5.4.1Shallow or embedded foundations23 5.4.1.1Footings (ultimate limit state design)23 5.4.1.2Foundation horizontal connections24 5.4.1.3Raft foundations25 5.4.1.4Box-type foundations25 5.4.2Piles and piers.26 6SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION .27 7EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES
27、 28 7.1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS28 7.2SELECTION AND GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.28 7.3METHODS OF ANALYSIS.28 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 3 7.3.1General methods.28 7.3.2Simplified methods: pseudo-static
28、analysis29 7.3.2.1Basic models.29 7.3.2.2Seismic action.29 7.3.2.3Design earth and water pressure30 7.3.2.4Hydrodynamic pressure on the outer face of the wall.31 7.4STABILITY AND STRENGTH VERIFICATIONS31 7.4.1Stability of foundation soil.31 7.4.2Anchorage.31 7.4.3Structural strength 32 ANNEX A (INFO
29、RMATIVE) TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION FACTORS33 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE) EMPIRICAL CHARTS FOR SIMPLIFIED LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS34 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) PILE-HEAD STATIC STIFFNESSES.36 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) DYNAMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION (SSI). GENERAL EFFECTS AND SIGNIFICANCE37 ANNEX E (NORMATIVE) SIMPLI
30、FIED ANALYSIS FOR RETAINING STRUCTURES.38 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) SEISMIC BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 42 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 19985, Eurocode 8:
31、Design of structures for earthquake resistance: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural Eurocodes“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Stand
32、ard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 19985:1994. According to the CEN-CENELEC Inte
33、rnal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nether
34、lands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of
35、the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would s
36、erve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first
37、 generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provid
38、e them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Councils Directives and/or Commissions Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/3
39、7/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market). 1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES fo
40、r the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Thu Jul 05 13:11:30 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-5:2004 (E) 5 The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number
41、 of Parts: EN 1990Eurocode :Basis of Structural Design EN 1991Eurocode 1:Actions on structures EN 1992Eurocode 2:Design of concrete structures EN 1993Eurocode 3:Design of steel structures EN 1994Eurocode 4:Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995Eurocode 5:Design of timber structure
42、s EN 1996Eurocode 6:Design of masonry structures EN 1997Eurocode 7:Geotechnical design EN 1998Eurocode 8:Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999Eurocode 9:Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and
43、have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the fo
44、llowing purposes: as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 Mechanical resistance and stability and Essential Requirement N2 Safety in case of fire ; as a basis for spe
45、cifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ; as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs) The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpre
46、tative Documents2referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product s
47、tandards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. 2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requi
48、rements and the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs. 3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall : a)give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where nec
49、essary ; b)indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ; c)serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals. The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2. Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorga