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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1998-2:2005 Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 2: Bridges The European Standard EN 1998-2:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.120.25; 93.040 ? Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled
2、 Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1998-2:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 20 December 2005 BSI 20 December 2005 ISBN 0 580 46967 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1998-2:2005. It s
3、upersedes DD ENV 1998-2:1996 which is withdrawn. The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium. This is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the rele
4、vant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period of two years allowed for the national calibration p
5、eriod during which the national annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period. During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistence period. The Commission in consultat
6、ion with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of Eurocodes. At the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be withdrawn. In the UK there is no conflicting national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted b
7、y Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/8, Structures in seismic regions, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. aid enquirers to understand the text;
8、 present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an
9、 inside front cover, page i, a blank page, the EN title page, pages 2 to 146, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: x x, Universi
10、ty of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1998-2:2005 i Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally De
11、termined Parameter (NDP). NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1998-2 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made availab
12、le by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken place. There are generally no requirements in the UK to consider seismic loading, and the whole of the UK may be considered an area of very low seismicity in which the provisions of EN 1998-2 need not apply. However, certain types of struc
13、ture, by reason of their function, location or form, may warrant an explicit consideration of seismic actions. It is the intention in due course to publish separately background information on the circumstances in which this might apply in the UK. Cross-references The British Standards which impleme
14、nt international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does
15、not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontr
16、olled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1998-2 November 2005 ICS 91.120.25; 93.040Supersedes ENV 1998-2:1994 English Version Eurocode 8 - Design of str
17、uctures for earthquake resistance - Part 2: Bridges Eurocode 8 - Calcul des structures pour leur rsistance aux sismes - Partie 2: Ponts Eurocode 8 - Auslegung von Bauwerken gegen Erdbeben - Teil 2: Brcken This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 July 2005. CEN members are bound to comply with
18、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretaria
19、t or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official v
20、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sw
21、itzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.
22、No. EN 1998-2:2005: E Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-2:2005 (E) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD7 1INTRODUCTION11 1.1 SCOPE. 11 1.1.1Scope of EN 1998-2.11 1.1.2Further parts of EN 199812 1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. 12 1
23、.2.1Use.12 1.2.2General reference standards.12 1.2.3Reference Codes and Standards12 1.2.4Additional general and other reference standards for bridges.12 1.3 ASSUMPTIONS 13 1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES 13 1.5 DEFINITIONS. 13 1.5.1General13 1.5.2Terms common to all Eurocode
24、s.13 1.5.3Further terms used in EN 1998-213 1.6 SYMBOLS 15 1.6.1General15 1.6.2Further symbols used in Sections 2 and 3 of EN 1998-2 15 1.6.3Further symbols used in Section 4 of EN 1998-216 1.6.4Further symbols used in Section 5 of EN 1998-217 1.6.5Further symbols used in Section 6 of EN 1998-218 1.
25、6.6Further symbols used in Section 7 and Annexes J, JJ and K of EN 1998-220 2BASIC REQUIREMENTS AND COMPLIANCE CRITERIA.23 2.1 DESIGN SEISMIC ACTION 23 2.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS. 24 2.2.1General24 2.2.2No-collapse (ultimate limit state)24 2.2.3Minimisation of damage (serviceability limit state)25 2.3 C
26、OMPLIANCE CRITERIA 25 2.3.1General25 2.3.2Intended seismic behaviour.25 2.3.3Resistance verifications.28 2.3.4Capacity design.28 2.3.5Provisions for ductility28 2.3.6Connections - Control of displacements - Detailing.31 2.3.7Simplified criteria35 2.4 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN 35 3SEISMIC ACTION38 3.1 DEFINI
27、TION OF THE SEISMIC ACTION. 38 3.1.1General38 3.1.2Application of the components of the motion38 3.2 QUANTIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS. 38 3.2.1General38 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-2:2005 (E) 3 3.2.2Site depend
28、ent elastic response spectrum.39 3.2.3Time-history representation39 3.2.4Site dependent design spectrum for linear analysis40 3.3 SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE SEISMIC ACTION 40 4ANALYSIS44 4.1 MODELLING 44 4.1.1Dynamic degrees of freedom.44 4.1.2Masses .44 4.1.3Damping of the structure and stiffness o
29、f members45 4.1.4Modelling of the soil45 4.1.5Torsional effects 46 4.1.6Behaviour factors for linear analysis47 4.1.7Vertical component of the seismic action50 4.1.8Regular and irregular seismic behaviour of ductile bridges 50 4.1.9Non-linear analysis of irregular bridges.51 4.2 METHODS OF ANALYSIS.
30、 51 4.2.1Linear dynamic analysis - Response spectrum method.51 4.2.2Fundamental mode method .53 4.2.3Alternative linear methods 57 4.2.4Non-linear dynamic time-history analysis 57 4.2.5Static non-linear analysis (pushover analysis)59 5STRENGTH VERIFICATION.61 5.1 GENERAL 61 5.2 MATERIALS AND DESIGN
31、STRENGTH. 61 5.2.1Materials61 5.2.2Design strength61 5.3 CAPACITY DESIGN 61 5.4 SECOND ORDER EFFECTS. 63 5.5 COMBINATION OF THE SEISMIC ACTION WITH OTHER ACTIONS. 64 5.6 RESISTANCE VERIFICATION OF CONCRETE SECTIONS. 65 5.6.1Design resistance.65 5.6.2Structures of limited ductile behaviour.65 5.6.3St
32、ructures of ductile behaviour .65 5.7 RESISTANCE VERIFICATION FOR STEEL AND COMPOSITE MEMBERS 73 5.7.1Steel piers 73 5.7.2Steel or composite deck.74 5.8 FOUNDATIONS 74 5.8.1General74 5.8.2Design action effects75 5.8.3Resistance verification.75 6DETAILING.76 6.1 GENERAL 76 6.2 CONCRETE PIERS 76 6.2.1
33、Confinement.76 6.2.2Buckling of longitudinal compression reinforcement .80 6.2.3Other rules.81 6.2.4Hollow piers 82 6.3 STEEL PIERS 82 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-2:2005 (E) 4 6.4 FOUNDATIONS 82 6.4.1Spread fou
34、ndation .82 6.4.2Pile foundations.82 6.5 STRUCTURES OF LIMITED DUCTILE BEHAVIOUR. 83 6.5.1Verification of ductility of critical sections.83 6.5.2Avoidance of brittle failure of specific non-ductile components.83 6.6 BEARINGS AND SEISMIC LINKS 84 6.6.1General requirements84 6.6.2Bearings.85 6.6.3Seis
35、mic links, holding-down devices, shock transmission units86 6.6.4Minimum overlap lengths88 6.7 CONCRETE ABUTMENTS AND RETAINING WALLS. 90 6.7.1General requirements90 6.7.2Abutments flexibly connected to the deck90 6.7.3Abutments rigidly connected to the deck.90 6.7.4Culverts with large overburden.92
36、 6.7.5Retaining walls93 7BRIDGES WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION94 7.1 GENERAL 94 7.2 DEFINITIONS. 94 7.3 BASIC REQUIREMENTS AND COMPLIANCE CRITERIA 95 7.4 SEISMIC ACTION. 96 7.4.1Design spectra.96 7.4.2Time-history representation96 7.5 ANALYSIS PROCEDURES AND MODELLING 96 7.5.1General96 7.5.2Design properti
37、es of the isolating system97 7.5.3Conditions for application of analysis methods103 7.5.4Fundamental mode spectrum analysis 103 7.5.5Multi-mode Spectrum Analysis107 7.5.6Time history analysis.108 7.5.7Vertical component of seismic action108 7.6 VERIFICATIONS 108 7.6.1Seismic design situation 108 7.6
38、.2Isolating system.108 7.6.3Substructures and superstructure110 7.7 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ISOLATING SYSTEM 111 7.7.1Lateral restoring capability.111 7.7.2Lateral restraint at the isolation interface113 7.7.3Inspection and Maintenance113 ANNEX A(INFORMATIVE) PROBABILITIES RELATED TO THE REFERE
39、NCE SEISMIC ACTION. GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DESIGN SEISMIC ACTION DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE .114 ANNEX B(INFORMATIVE) RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISPLACEMENT DUCTILITY AND CURVATURE DUCTILITY FACTORS OF PLASTIC HINGES IN CONCRETE PIERS115 ANNEX C(INFORMATIVE) ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTIVE STIFFNES
40、S OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DUCTILE MEMBERS116 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-2:2005 (E) 5 ANNEX D(INFORMATIVE) SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION: MODEL AND METHODS OF ANALYSIS118 ANNEX E(INFORMATIVE) P
41、ROBABLE MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND PLASTIC HINGE DEFORMATION CAPACITIES FOR NON-LINEAR ANALYSES 125 ANNEX F(INFORMATIVE) ADDED MASS OF ENTRAINED WATER FOR IMMERSED PIERS.131 ANNEX G(NORMATIVE) CALCULATION OF CAPACITY DESIGN EFFECTS 133 ANNEX H(INFORMATIVE) STATIC NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS (PUSHOVER) 135 ANNE
42、X J(NORMATIVE) VARIATION OF DESIGN PROPERTIES OF SEISMIC ISOLATOR UNITS138 ANNEX JJ(INFORMATIVE)? ?-FACTORS FOR COMMON ISOLATOR TYPES 140 ANNEX K(INFORMATIVE) TESTS FOR VALIDATION OF DESIGN PROPERTIES OF SEISMIC ISOLATOR UNITS.143 Licensed Copy: x x, University of Glamorgan, Sat Apr 28 15:50:45 GMT+
43、00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 1998-2:2005 (E) 6 Foreword This European Standard EN 1998-2, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance: Bridges, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes, the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is
44、 responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This document su
45、persedes ENV 1998-2:1994. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
46、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of constru
47、ction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the de
48、sign of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the dev
49、elopment of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de f