《BS EN 1371-1-1997 铸造 液体渗透检验 第1部分：砂铸、重力压模铸和低压模铸法.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS EN 1371-1-1997 铸造 液体渗透检验 第1部分：砂铸、重力压模铸和低压模铸法.pdf（30页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1371-1 : 1997 The E
2、uropean Standard EN 1371-1 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.80; 77.150.99 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1. Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings This British Standard, having
3、 been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 BSI 1997 ISBN 0 580 28601 0 BS EN 1371-1 : 1997 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This
4、British Standard is the English language version of EN 1371-1 : 1997. It supersedes BS 4080 : Part 2 : 1989 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/NFE/9, Foundry Technology, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the
5、 text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this comm
6、ittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by usi
7、ng the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 26, an inside back cover and a ba
8、ck cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN
9、 1371-1 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 1371-1 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM June 1997 ICS 77.140.80; 77.150.99 Descriptors: Foundry engineering, castings, steels, cast iron, surface condition, inspection, nondestructive tests, liquid penetrant tests, surface defects, acceptability English versio
10、n Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings Fonderie Contro le par ressuage Partie 1: Pie ces moule es au sable, en coquille, par gravite et basse pression Gieereiwesen Eindringpru fung Teil 1: Sand- , Schwerkraftkokillen- und Niederdruckkokillengus
11、tu cke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-06-02. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical r
12、eferences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN membe
13、r into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portug
14、al, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 1371-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190, Foundry technology, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
15、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 4.20, Surface inspection, to pre
16、pare the following standard: EN 1371-1Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings This is one of two European Standards for liquid penetrant inspection. The other standard is: prEN 1371-2 Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment casting
17、s According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, P
18、ortugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection3 4Method of inspection3 4.1Operating mode3 4.2Qualification of the operators3 4.3Surface preparation3 4.4Conditions of inspecti
19、on4 5Acceptance criteria4 5.1Indications of discontinuities4 5.2Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications4 5.3Severity levels4 6Classification of the indications and interpretation of results5 7Ordering5 8Retesting5 9Post-examination cleaning procedures5 10Inspection documentation5 Table
20、s 1Nature of discontinuities and types of corresponding liquid penetrant inspection indications6 2Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Non-linear indications isolated (SP) or clustered (CP)6 3Severity levels for liquid penetrant inspection Linear (LP) and aligned (AP) indications7 4Recomm
21、ended surface finish for liquid penetrant inspection8 Annexes A(informative) Bibliography9 B(informative) Reference figures Non-linear isolated indications designated SP9 C(informative) Reference figures Non-linear indications designated SP and CP14 D(informative) Reference figures Linear and aligne
22、d indications designated LP and AP17 E(informative) Model of a liquid penetrant inspection document24 ? Page 3 EN 1371-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 Introduction This European Standard complements the general principles of liquid penetrant inspection given in EN 571 for the additional requirements of the foundr
23、y industry. Liquid penetrant inspection, as well as any other non destructive examination method, is part of a general or specific assessment of the quality of a casting to be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. Penetrant testing examination of c
24、astings is standardized in two parts: EN 1371-1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure die castings prEN 1371-2: Investment castings 1 Scope This European Standard applies to the liquid penetrant testing of all castings (except copper-tin and/or copper-tin-lead alloy castings, where copper is the major
25、 constituent) produced in conventional sand moulds by gravity and low-pressure die casting, whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them. This standard does not apply to investment and pressure die castings. 2 Normative references This standard incorporates, by dated or undate
26、d reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporate
27、d in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 473Qualification and certification of NDT personnel General principles EN 571-1Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General principles EN 1370Founding Surface roughnes
28、s inspection by visualtactile comparators prEN 1371-2 Founding Liquid penetrant inspection Part 2: Investment castings prEN 1956Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions NOTE. Informative reference to documents used in the preparation of this standard
29、, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in a bibliography, see annex A. 3 Conditions for liquid penetrant inspection The manufacturing stage(s) when liquid penetrant inspection is to be performed shall be clearly defined by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
30、Inspection shall be carried out only on those areas of the castings and on the percentage of castings agreed. Inspection requirements shall be clearly stated in the call for tender, in the request for prices and, more particularly, in the order sent to the manufacturer and accepted by him, so that t
31、he manufacturer can assess the costs of manfacturing to satisfy the required severity level and the costs of additional inspections and operations, and the manufacturing risks involved. For each agreed area of the casting to be inspected, the following shall be indicated: type of discontinuity; seve
32、rity level. Sensitivity can differ depending on the method of liquid penetrant inspection selected. Therefore the severity levels required shall be selected as a function of the liquid penetrants used and the method agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The type of discontinuity and the
33、 severity level can vary depending on the area of the casting inspected (see tables 1 to 3). 4 Method of inspection 4.1 Operating mode Inspection shall be carried out as described in EN 571-1. The characteristics of the penetrant materials shall be checked in accordance with specifications to be agr
34、eed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4.2 Qualification of the operators Inspection shall be performed by personnel qualified in accordance with EN 473 or by a certification scheme which is considered to be equivalent. The qualification level of the personnel shall be agreed between the ma
35、nufacturer and the purchaser at the time of acceptance of the order. 4.3 Surface preparation The surface to be inspected shall be clean and free from oil, grease, moulding and coating residues or any other contaminant which could interfere with the correct implementation and interpretation of the pe
36、netrant inspection test results. The surface finish of the casting in the area to be tested shall have sufficient brightness and contrast of colour and adequate shape to determine the required severity level. Unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering, the surface finish shall be selected fr
37、om table 4. NOTE. It is recommended that the assessment of surface finish is carried out using a visual cast-surface roughness comparator. ? Page 4 EN 1371-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 1)Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. Liquid penetrant inspection shall be performed on castin
38、gs in the as-delivered conditon. If sand blasting or shot blasting1)is required, it shall be as light as possible, in order to avoid sealing or closing up possible discontinuities. If the risk of sealing or closing up possible discontinuities is unacceptable, then blasting shall be followed by chemi
39、cal etching in order to enable detection of discontinuities. The chemical composition of the etching bath and other parameters such as concentration, temperature, immersion time, neutralizing and rinsing, if applicable, shall be recorded. 4.4 Conditions of inspection The inspection shall be carried
40、out with the naked eye or at a maximum magnification of 3 and viewing conditions in conformity with prEN 1956. 5 Acceptance criteria 5.1 Indications of discontinuities 5.1.1 General The indication of discontinuities can be non-linear (isolated or clustered), aligned or linear. Although liquid penetr
41、ant inspection cannot generally be used to determine the size of detected discontinuities, it allows discontinuities to be assessed by measurement of the length L of the indication. In the following clauses: L indicates length; W indicates width; t indicates section thickness; P indicates liquid pen
42、etrant; SP indicates non-linear isolated indication; CP indicates non-linear clustered indication; AP indicates aligned indication; LP indicates linear indication. 5.1.2 Criteria The various types of penetrant indication can correspond to the discontinuities (A, B, C, etc.) shown in table 1. The phy
43、sical discontinuities detailed in table 1 shall give either a non-linear, linear or aligned liquid penetrant inspection indication. 5.2 Definition of liquid penetrant inspection indications a) linear indication (LP). An indication with the largest dimension three or more times its smallest dimension
44、 (i.e. L $ 3W); b) non-linear indication. An indication with the largest dimension less than three times its smallest dimension (i.e. L 50 mm. Tables 2 and 3 show the largest dimensions of the smallest indications to be considered in the severity level concerned. 5.3.3 Tables Table 2 corresponds to
45、non-linear isolated or non-linear clustered indications. Examples of non-linear indications are shown in annexes B and C. These have been established in accordance with table 2; the reference figures are given to and shall be interpreted against a scale of 1:1. Table 3 corresponds to linear or align
46、ed indications. Tables 2 and 3 are independent (differing severity levels may be selected from these tables). ? Page 5 EN 1371-1 : 1997 BSI 1997 2) ISO format A6. If the casting dimensions in total are smaller than 105 mm 3 148 mm, then the indicating criteria should be in proportion to the surface
47、area and agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 6 Classification of the indications and interpretation of results In order to classify an indication of discontinuity, a frame measuring 105 mm 3 148 mm2)should be placed in the most unfavourable location. The observed indications shall be
48、in relation to the reference severity levels as described in this standard and compared to the equivalent or immediately better severity level. Indicationsshallbeconsideredtobeequivalentwhenthe samenumberofnon-linearspotsand/orthesamelength oflinearindicationsofsimilarappearancearedetected. Maximump
49、ermissiblediscontinuitiesmayappear simultaneouslyontheareaof 105 mm3148 mm2). If, for any indication type, the observed severity level is worse than that specified in the order, the casting shall be considered to be in non-conformance with this standard. It shall be considered as conforming with this standard when the observed severity level is equal to or better than that specified in the order. For severity levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, classification shal