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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13865:2003 Surfaces for sports areas Determination of angled ball behaviour Tennis The European Standard EN 13865:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.10 ? BS EN 13865:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Str
2、ategy Committee on 19 December 2003 BSI 19 December 2003 ISBN 0 580 43135 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13865:2003. EN 13865:2003 is one of a series of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire series of European S
3、tandards, the BS 7044 series will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-re
4、ferences The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “ International Standards Correspondence Index” , or by using the “ Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of B
5、ritish Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; pre
6、sent to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an
7、 inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13865 December 2003 I
8、CS 97.220.10 English version Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of angled ball behaviour - Tennis Sols sportifs - Dtermination du comportement du rebond angulaire dune balle - Tennis Sportbden - Bestimmung des winkligen Ballverhaltens - Tennis This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 N
9、ovember 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be
10、 obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Managemen
11、t Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
12、d and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1
13、3865:2003 E EN 13865:2003 (E) 2 Contentspage 1Scope 4 2Normative references 4 3Principle4 4Apparatus .4 5Test pieces5 6Conditioning and test temperature5 6.1Laboratory tests.5 6.2On-site tests .5 7Preparation of tennis balls5 7.1Conditioning.5 7.2Pre-compression5 8Procedure .5 9Calculation and expre
14、ssion of results.6 10Test report 7 ? EN 13865:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13865:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 217 “Surfaces for sports areas”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
15、 publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
16、 this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ? EN 13865:2003 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard
17、specifies a method for the determination of the behaviour of a tennis ball striking a sports surface at an angle. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate plac
18、es in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication refer
19、red to applies (including amendments). EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and textile test pieces. International Tennis Federation (ITF) Rules of Tennis. 3 Principle A ball is projected at an angle onto a sports surface and its velocity, angle and reb
20、ound are assessed. 4 Apparatus 4.1Ball projector, providing a means of projecting a ball at a specified angle and velocity onto the surface without imparting spin greater than 3 rev/s. NOTE Suitable ball projection machines are available commercially. The release characteristics of the ball from the
21、 machine should be checked specifically (e.g. by stroboscopic photography) to ensure that spin in excess of 3 rev/s does not occur. 4.2Ball track monitor, providing a means of monitoring the track of the ball before and after impact such that its velocity can be measured to an accuracy of 0,01 m/s a
22、nd its angle of impact and rebound to 0,1. The uncertainty in the precision of the measuring technique shall be no greater than 2 %. NOTE The track of the ball can be monitored photographically or by timing its passage between light-sensitive receivers. In the latter case, the angle can be deduced f
23、rom the vertical and horizontal components of velocity. 4.3Pressurized tennis balls 4.3.1Balls in accordance with 4.3.2 are used in tests to demonstrate the conformity of a sports surface to a specification for the surface. Balls in accordance with 4.3.3 are used to demonstrate the performance of a
24、particular type of ball on a given surface, e.g. a particular brand of ball to be used in a tournament. 4.3.2At least three test tennis balls, taken from a pressurized ball canister, each covered with cloth weft comprising (33 6) % denier (6,67 dtex) polyamide and (67 3) % wool, and which, when test
25、ed in accordance with procedures detailed in the ITF Rules of Tennis, exhibit the following properties: ball mass: (57,6 0,3) g; ring gauge diameter: minimum 67,072 mm, maximum 67,865 mm; forward deformation: (6,413 0,317) mm; ? EN 13865:2003 (E) 5 rebound (mean of five tests): (1,41 0,01) m. 4.3.3W
26、hen required, at least four commercially available tennis balls, taken from a pressurized ball canister, and which conform to the ITF Rules of Tennis. 4.3.4Additional balls of either type (see 4.3.2 or 4.3.3), if necessary, for trial runs (see 8.2). 5 Test pieces Test pieces of synthetic turf and te
27、xtile sports surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with EN 12229. Test pieces of sports surfaces shall have a minimum length 10000 mm and minimum width 10000 mm, and shall be tested in combination with the supporting layers to be used in service and using the method of attachment recommended in t
28、he manufacturers instructions. Loose laid test pieces shall be tested while anchored at the edges. NOTE Experience has shown that it is extremely difficult to produce laboratory samples of mineral surfaces that have the same characteristics as actual facilities. Wherever possible, mineral surfaces s
29、hould be tested in situ. 6 Conditioning and test temperature 6.1 Laboratory tests Condition test pieces containing materials which are sensitive to humidity for a minimum of 88 h at relative humidity (50 5) % at the specified test temperature. Condition all other test pieces for a minimum of 3 h at
30、the specified test temperature. Unless stated otherwise in the product specification, the test temperature shall be (23 2) C. 6.2 On-site tests Tests on site shall be conducted at ambient temperature and humidity. 7 Preparation of tennis balls 7.1 Conditioning The balls shall be removed from their c
31、ontainer at least 1 h prior to the test in order to ensure that they reach equilibrium with the prevailing ambient conditions. 7.2 Pre-compression The balls shall be subjected to a pre-compression procedure, as described in detail in the ITF method, prior to being used in tests. 8 Procedure 8.1Carry
32、 out all tests within 7 days of opening the ball canister (see 7.1). 8.2Adjust the ball projector (see 4.1) to deliver a ball onto the test piece at an angle of incidence of (16 2)and a velocity of (30 2) m/s, if necessary employing trial runs using additional balls (see 4.3.4). ? EN 13865:2003 (E)
33、6 8.3Project each ball, in turn, onto the test piece surface and, using the ball track monitor (see 4.2), monitor and record the velocity and angle before and after impact. Analyse the results and select the three balls that give the best reproducibility and repeatability. NOTE If the balls are thos
34、e specified in 4.3.2, only three balls in total might have been used. 8.4Project each of the three selected balls, in turn, onto the test piece, and monitor and record the velocity and angle before and after impact. Record the sequence of projecting the balls. Examine the test piece and if the sport
35、s surface is disturbed or damaged as a result of the test, move the apparatus between each test to change the point of impact. 8.5Using the same balls, repeat the procedure described in 8.4 a further two times, projecting each of the three balls in the same sequence. NOTEIt is important that no ball
36、 is fired more than ten times so as to avoid degradation of the ball. 8.6If the surface has a directional pattern, such as the lay of the pile of synthetic turf, carry out five tests in one direction and four in the other direction to obtain a set of readings in directions giving maximum and minimum
37、 values of angle of rebound. 9 Calculation and expression of results From the monitoring of the ball before and after impact, obtain the angles and resultant velocities of incidence and rebound (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Relationship between components of ball incidence and rebound. The coefficient of
38、 restitution for each test is given by qv jv e sin sin i r =(1) where eis the coefficient of restitution; viis the incidence velocity, in metres per second (m/s); vris the rebound velocity, in metres per second (m/s); jis the angle of rebound, in degrees (); qis the angle of incidence, in degrees ()
39、. ? EN 13865:2003 (E) 7 The tennis coefficient for each test is given by qve jvqv T i ri sin)1 ( )coscos(1 100 + =(2) where Tis the tennis coefficient; viis the rebound velocity, in metres per second (m/s); vris the vertical component of rebound velocity, in metres per second (m/s); jis the angle of
40、 rebound, in degrees (); qis the angle of incidence, in degrees (); eis the coefficient of restitution. For each series of nine tests calculate the mean values of coefficient of restitution and tennis coefficient. 10 Test report The test report shall contain the following: a) reference to this Europ
41、ean Standard, i.e. EN 13865:2003; b) complete identification of the surface tested, including the manufacturers reference and the type of supporting layers and their method of attachment; c) direction of test; d) test temperature; e) mean value of coefficient of restitution and tennis coefficient; f
42、) individual test results and tennis coefficients, if required; g) condition of the surface at the time of test, i.e. wet or dry. ? BS EN 13865:2003 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Stand
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