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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14359:2006 Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications The European Standard EN 14359:2006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 17.040.30 ? Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled C
2、opy, (c) BSI BS EN 14359:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49618 X National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14359:2006. It supersed
3、es BS 7201-1:1989 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems and components, to Subcommittee MCE/18/-/1, Accumulators. A list of organizations represented on MCE/18/-/1 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This
4、 publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: Institute
5、 Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14359 October 2006 ICS 17.040.30 English Version Gas-loaded accumulators for fluid power applications Accumulateurs hydropneumatiques
6、pour transmissions hydrauliques Hydrospeicher fr Hydraulikanwendungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national s
7、tandard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any othe
8、r language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fr
9、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE
10、FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14359:2006: E Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+0
11、0:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 14359:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword5 1Scope.6 2Normative references 7 3Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms.8 3.1Terms and definitions8 3.2Symbols, units and abbreviated terms9 3.2.1General9 3.2.2Inter-relation of thickness definitions
12、10 4Materials10 4.1Requirements for metallic materials10 4.2Material certificates for components of the pressure containing envelope11 5Basic design and calculation criteria.11 5.1General11 5.2Corrosion11 5.3Qualification by similarity .11 5.4Design methods .11 5.4.1General11 5.4.2Basic symbols, uni
13、ts and description .12 5.4.3Maximum allowable values for the nominal design stress for pressure bearing parts.13 5.5Design and calculation methods common to all accumulator types .13 5.5.1General13 5.5.2Specific definitions13 5.5.3Cylindrical shells14 5.5.4Dished ends under internal pressure 14 5.5.
14、5Isolated openings and nozzles in spherical shells and spherical centre areas of dished ends 17 5.5.6Thread calculation .23 5.6Specific design criteria for piston accumulators .25 5.6.1Threaded end caps 25 5.6.2Tie-rod retained end caps .30 5.6.3Split-ring retained end caps32 5.7Specific design crit
15、eria for diaphragm accumulators35 5.7.1General35 5.7.2Two-part screwed shell design.36 5.7.3Three-part screwed shell design38 5.7.4Gas-precharging openings .42 5.8Specific design criteria for oil ports mainly used in bladder type accumulators .43 5.8.1General43 5.8.2Oil port design and calculation 4
16、3 6Manufacture46 6.1General46 6.2Special manufacturing processes for welded diaphragm accumulators 46 6.2.1General46 6.2.2Requirements for the use of permanent backing strips46 6.2.3Electron and laser beam welding.47 6.2.4Welded nozzles 47 6.2.5Heat treatment47 6.2.6Approval of special welding proce
17、dures.48 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 3 6.2.7Qualification of welding procedure specifications.48 6.2.8Verification and utilization of welding procedure specifications when
18、 applied to welding machines48 6.3Forming of bladder accumulator shells.48 6.3.1Processes .48 6.3.2Heat treatment49 6.3.3Verification of mechanical properties49 6.3.4Visual and ultrasonic examination.50 7Inspection and testing.51 7.1General51 7.2Design documentation 51 7.3Design review and design ex
19、amination.52 7.4Inspection during manufacture 52 7.5Hydrostatic pressure test52 7.6Fatigue test.53 7.6.1General53 7.6.2Basic symbols and units.53 7.6.3Test equipment and preparation of test accumulator54 7.6.4Accuracy.55 7.6.5Test conditions and procedure 55 7.6.6Method of evaluating and interpretin
20、g fatigue test results using the gradient of the stress-number curve and a probability of failure .57 7.6.7Fatigue assessment of gas loaded accumulators Guarantee factor method)63 7.7Marking and labelling 70 7.7.1General70 7.7.2Marking method .71 7.7.3Marking contents .71 7.7.4Information labelling7
21、1 7.8Documentation.71 7.8.1General71 7.8.2Process records.72 8Safety instructions and equipment for accumulators72 8.1Introduction 72 8.2Safety equipment.72 8.2.1General72 8.2.2Limitation of pressure .73 8.2.3Pressures gauges74 8.2.4Shut-off devices.74 8.2.5Fluid side pressure release devices 74 8.2
22、.6Gas side release devices 74 8.3Tests and examinations before first operation.75 8.3.1Examination of documentation including instructions for first operation, stamps and CE-marks.75 8.3.2Examination of proper mounting .75 8.3.3Examination of safety equipment.75 8.4Supervision and maintenance76 Anne
23、x A (informative) Categories of gas-loaded accumulators including reference to modules of conformity assessment.77 Annex B (informative) Summary of activities in respect to conformity assessment modules 78 Annex C (informative) Examples of safety equipment configuration 79 Annex D (informative) Manu
24、facturers declaration of conformity form .86 Annex E (informative) Example of the application of the method of evaluating and interpreting fatigue test results carried out on complete accumulators .87 E.1General87 E.1.1General87 E.1.2Consider a population of accumulators with the following character
25、istics:.87 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 4 E.1.3Calculation of CVM 87 E.1.4Calculation of M .88 E.1.5Calculation of CVE.88 Annex F (informative) Abacus90 Annex G (informativ
26、e) Alternative relations for normal distributions93 Annex H (informative) Variation coefficients of equipment material .94 Annex I (informative) Quality / severity condition of equipment / environment .95 I.1Equipment quality: kivalues.95 I.2Severity conditions of environment: Ej values.95 Annex ZA
27、(informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 97/23/EC 96 Bibliography 97 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 5 Foreword
28、 This document (EN 14359:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “ Unfired pressure vessels” , the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the lates
29、t by April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2007. Where appropriate, equations and techniques are consistent with the requirements of EN 13445-3:2002 but this European Standard is presumed to satisfy the essential requirements of the Pressure Equipme
30、nt Directive 97/23/EC in its own right. NOTE If any matter of interpretation or doubt arises as to the meaning or effect of any normative part of this European Standard, or as to whether anything should be done or has been omitted to be done, in order that this European Standard should be complied w
31、ith in full, the matter needs to be referred to the CEN/TC 54 Committee. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see
32、 informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fr
33、ance, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16
34、:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 6 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements for materials, design, manufacture, testing inspection, safety systems and documentation (including instructions for first operation), for commonly-used types of gas-loa
35、ded accumulators and gas bottles for fluid power applications (see 1.2). 1.2 This European Standard applies to the following types of components, defined as the pressure- containing envelope of gas-loaded accumulators: bladder type; diaphragm type; piston type; transfer type; gas bottles used to pro
36、vide additional gas capacity. They consist of one or several parts joined together by a variety of mechanical means and by welding. 1.3 This European Standard applies to gas-loaded accumulators which operate with the following conditions: subject to an internal gauge pressure greater than 0,5 bar; w
37、orking temperature of not lower than 50 C and not higher than +200 C; containing Group 2 liquids and gases as defined in the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC. It does not apply to: accumulators for use with dangerous fluids (see NOTE 1). NOTE 1 Fluid power applications utilize non-dangerous flu
38、ids as categorized in ISO 6743-4 in addition to an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen) which is used as the pre-charging medium. NOTE 2 There are no design limits to the volume of the accumulator. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Unc
39、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 7 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
40、mendments) applies. EN 1043-1, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hardness testing Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joints EN 1968:2002, Transportable gas cylinders Periodic inspection and testing of seamless steel gas cylinders EN 10002-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1:
41、 Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10045-1, Metallic materials Charpy impact test Part 1: Test method EN 10204:2004, Metallic products Types of inspection documents EN 13018, Non-destructive testing Visual testing General principles EN 13445-2:2002, Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials
42、EN 13445-3:2002, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design EN 13445-4, Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication EN ISO 898-1:1999, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hard
43、ness test Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005) EN ISO 6506-2, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines (ISO 6506-2:2005) EN ISO 6506-3, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks (ISO 6506-3:2005) EN ISO
44、15614-1, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure test Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004) ISO 262, ISO general-purpose metric screw threads Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nut
45、s ISO 9110-1, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 1: General measurement principles ISO 9110-2, Hydraulic fluid power Measurement techniques Part 2: Measurement of average steady-state pressure in a closed conduit ISO 10771-1, Hydraulic fluid power Fatigue pressure testing of metal pre
46、ssure-containing envelopes Part 1: Test method Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Mon Mar 12 23:16:24 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? EN 14359:2006 (E) 8 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the p
47、urpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 gas-loaded accumulator hydraulic accumulator with separator between liquid and gas where the liquid is pressurized using the compressibility of an inert gas (for example nitrogen). The separator can be a bladder, a diaphragm o
48、r a piston. Gas-loaded accumulators have shells, which can consist of cylinders, dished ends and flat plates. Openings are always isolated, located on the axis centre line and positioned at both ends of the accumulator. It is assumed that such vessels are axis-symmetrical 3.1.2 bladder accumulator g
49、as-loaded accumulator consisting of pressure-retaining shell, either spun-forged from seamless tube, hammer-forged from hollow bar or of welded construction, in which the liquid and gas are separated by a flexible bag or bladder normally retained at one end of the shell 3.1.3 diaphragm accumulator gas-loaded accumulator consisting of pressure-retaining shell a