《BS PD CEN TR 15983-2010 固定源排放.EN 14181-2004标准指南1.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS PD CEN TR 15983-2010 固定源排放.EN 14181-2004标准指南1.pdf（48页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、.4.4 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15983 January 2010 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Guidance on the application of EN 14181:2004 Emissions de sources fixes - Guide dapplication de lEN 14181:2004 Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Leitlin
2、ien zur Anwendung der EN 14181:2004 This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 December 2009. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 264. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Franc
3、e, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR
4、NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15983:2010: E CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1Scope 5 2Terms and definitions .5
5、 3Symbols and abbreviations 9 3.1Symbols 9 3.2Abbreviations 10 4General guidance on quality assurance and calibration 10 4.1General . 10 4.2Regulatory framework and standards for monitoring 10 4.3Roles and responsibilities . 12 5Application of QAL1 . 12 5.1General . 12 5.2AMS which are not yet insta
6、lled at the plant . 13 5.3AMS which are already installed at the plant . 13 6Application of QAL2 and AST 13 6.1Tasks within QAL2 and AST 13 6.2Location and monitoring provisions for AMS . 14 6.3Management system provisions for AMS 14 6.4Specific issues of the functional tests . 14 7Calibration and v
7、alidation of the AMS 16 7.1Standard reference methods . 16 7.2Calibration using an SRM 16 7.3Low-level clusters . 20 7.4Peripheral AMS measurements . 21 7.5Establishing the calibration function and the test of variability 21 7.6Data points outside the calibration range 22 7.7Calibrating AMS for NOx
8、and TOC 23 7.8Significant changes to operating conditions and fuels 24 7.9Significant changes to an AMS . 24 8On-going surveillance and quality assurance of AMS (QAL3) 25 8.1The necessity for QAL3 25 8.2Choosing control charts 25 8.3Zero and span measurements . 26 8.4Setting parameters for control c
9、harts 29 Annex A (informative) An example of a procedure for determining outliers . 31 Annex B (informative) Alternative approaches for dealing with low-level clusters of emissions . 34 Annex C (informative) kv values 36 Annex D (informative) Shewhart and EWMA control charts 37 Bibliography . 43 CEN
10、/TR 15983:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15983:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or
11、 CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 4 Introduction This CEN Technical Report provides supporting guidance on the application of EN 14181:2004. It is based on the growing experiences with EN 14181:2004 throughout the CEN member c
12、ountries. EN 14181:2004 specifies three levels of quality assurance (QAL), known as QAL1, QAL2 and QAL3 as well as an Annual Surveillance Test (AST). This Technical Report explains the requirements of these levels of quality assurance to achieve a consistent application of EN 14181:2004. CEN/TR 1598
13、3:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This CEN Technical Report provides guidance for applying the European Standard EN 14181:2004. This CEN Technical Report provides guidance only on applying the quality assurance levels QAL1, QAL2 and QAL3 as well as the Annual Surveillance Test (AST). This CEN Technical Report is
14、 an informative document. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 air quality characteristic one of the quantifiable properties relating to an air mass under investigation, for example, concentration of a constituent EN 14181:2004, 3.
15、1 2.2 automated measuring system AMS measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of emissions EN 14181:2004, 3.2 NOTE 1 An AMS is the automated application of a monitoring method, which is traceable to a reference method. NOTE 2 Apart from the analyser, an AMS includes f
16、acilities for taking samples (e.g. sample probe, sample gas lines, flow meters, regulators, delivery pumps) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, moisture removal devices, converters, diluters). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices that are required for regular functi
17、onal checks. 2.3 calibration function linear relationship between the values of the SRM and the AMS with the assumption of a constant residual standard deviation EN 14181:2004, 3.3 NOTE The calibration function is established during QAL2 on stack gases. 2.4 competent authority organisation which imp
18、lements the requirements of EU Directives and regulates installations, which must comply with the requirements of applicable European Standards EN 15267-1:2009, 3.3 2.5 confidence interval (two-sided) when T1 and T2 are two functions of the observed values such that, being a population parameter to
19、be estimated, the probability Pr(T1 T2) is at least equal to (1 ) where (1 ) is a fixed number, positive and less than 1, the interval between T1 and T2 is a two-sided (1 ) confidence interval for CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 6 EN 14181:2004, 3.5 2.6 CUSUM chart calculation procedure in which the amount of
20、 drift and change in precision is compared to the corresponding uncertainty components which are obtained during QAL1 EN 14181:2004, 3.6 2.7 drift monotonic change of the calibration function over stated period of unattended operation, which results in a change of the measured value EN 14181:2004, 3
21、.7 NOTE This refers to a change in the response of the AMS to a determinant which does not change. 2.8 emission limit value ELV limit value related to the uncertainty requirement EN 14181:2004, 3.8 NOTE For EU Directives it is the daily emission limit value that relates to the uncertainty requiremen
22、t. 2.9 extractive AMS AMS having the detection unit physically separated from the gas stream by means of a sampling system EN 14181:2004, 3.9 2.10 instability change in the measured value comprised of drift and dispersion resulting from the change in the calibration function over a stated period of
23、unattended operation, for a given value of the air quality characteristic NOTE 1 Drift and dispersion specify the monotonic and stochastic change with time of the output signal, respectively. NOTE 2 This refers to a change in the response of the AMS to a determinant which does not change. NOTE 3 Ada
24、pted from EN 14181:2004, 3.10. 2.11 instrument reading indication of the measured value directly provided by the AMS without using the calibration function EN 14181:2004, 3.11 2.12 intrinsic uncertainty uncertainty component originating from the AMS itself, independent of the installation 2.13 legis
25、lation Directives, Acts, ordinances and regulations EN 14181:2004, 3.12 CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 7 2.14 measurand particular quantity subject to measurement EN 14181:2004, 3.13 2.15 measured value estimated value of the air quality characteristic derived from an output signal NOTE 1 This usually involv
26、es calculations related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities. NOTE 2 Adapted from EN 14181:2004, 3.14. 2.16 non-extractive AMS AMS having the detection unit in the gas stream or in a part of it EN 14181:2004, 3.15 2.17 outlier observation that lies an abnormal distance fr
27、om other values in a set of data, and therefore has a low probability of being a valid data point 2.18 period of unattended operation maximum admissible interval of time for which the performance characteristics will remain within a predefined range without external servicing, e.g. refill, calibrati
28、on, adjustment EN 14181:2004, 3.16 2.19 peripheral AMS or SRM measuring system or SRM used to gather the data required to convert the measured values to standard reference conditions, i.e. AMS or SRM for moisture, temperature, pressure and oxygen EN 14181:2004, 3.17 2.20 precision closeness of agree
29、ment of results obtained from the AMS for successive zero readings and successive span readings at defined time intervals EN 14181:2004, 3.18 2.21 reference material material simulating a known concentration of the input parameter, by use of surrogates and traceable to national standards NOTE Surrog
30、ates normally used are calibration gasses, gas cells, gratings or filters. EN 14181:2004, 3.19 CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 8 2.22 response time time interval between the instant of a sudden change in the value of the input quantity to an AMS and the time as from which the value of the output quantity is r
31、eliably maintained above 90 % of the correct value of the input quantity EN 15267-3:2008, 3.31 2.23 span reading instrument reading of the AMS for a simulation of the input parameter at a fixed elevated concentration EN 14181:2004, 3.21 NOTE 1 This simulation is intended to test the measuring elemen
32、ts of the system, which contribute to its performance. NOTE 2 The span reading is approximately 80 % of the measurement range. 2.24 standard conditions conditions as given in the EU-directives to which measured values have to be standardised to verify compliance with the emission limit values EN 141
33、81:2004, 3.22 2.25 standard deviation positive square root of: the mean squared deviation from the arithmetic mean divided by the number of degrees of freedom NOTE The number of degrees of freedom is the number of measurements minus 1. EN 14181:2004, 3.23 2.26 standard reference method SRM method de
34、scribed and standardised to define an air quality characteristic, temporarily installed on site for verification purposes NOTE Also known as a reference method. EN 14181:2004, 3.24 2.27 uncertainty parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values
35、that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand EN 14181:2004, 3.25 2.28 variability standard deviation of the differences of parallel measurements between the SRM and AMS EN 14181:2004, 3.26 CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 9 2.29 zero reading instrument reading of the AMS on simulation of the input para
36、meter at zero concentration, which tests the measuring elements of the AMS, that contribute to its performance NOTE Adapted from EN 14181:2004, 3.23. 3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols a intercept of the calibration function b slope of the calibration function C mass concentration in milligrams
37、 per cubic metre (mg/m3) Di difference between measured SRM value i y and calibrated AMS value i y D average of i D E emission limit value Eotm extinction of the optical transmission monitor i index kv test value for the variability test based on a 2-test, with a -value of 50 %, for N numbers of pai
38、red measurements L control limit value Lmp length of the measurement path in metres (m) m0 target value (chart centre line) n number of checks N number of paired samples in parallel measurements P percentage value R2 correlation coefficient sAMS standard deviation of the AMS at zero and span level D
39、 s standard deviation of the differences Di in parallel measurements t0,95 students t-factor for a confidence level of 95 % xi ith measured signal obtained with the AMS i y i th measured result obtained with the SRM i y best estimate for the true value, calculated from the AMS measured signal i x by
40、 means of the calibration function yspan span value Z critical value in the Grubbss test Zi test value of ith data pair in the Grubbss test zi weighted average taking the past and the last check into account smoothing parameter CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 10 average diameter of the grains in the stack in
41、micrometres (m) 0 uncertainty derived from requirements of legislation 3.2 Abbreviations AMS automated measuring system ARL average run length AST annual surveillance test ELV emission limit value EWMA exponentially weighted moving average LCL lower control limit NOx nitrogen oxides QAL quality assu
42、rance level SRM standard reference method TOC total organic compounds UCL upper control limit 4 General guidance on quality assurance and calibration 4.1 General The role of this Technical Report is to provide guidance on the application of the European Standards EN 14181:2004 on quality assurance o
43、f automated measuring systems used for monitoring stationary source emissions and EN 13284-2:2004 on automated measuring systems used for the determination of low range mass concentration of dust at stationary sources. Both European Standards are applicable to industrial plants falling under the Eur
44、opean Directives for the incineration of waste (2000/76/EC) and large combustion plants (2001/80/EC), hence referred to as Directives in this Technical Report. For simplicity, throughout this document, reference to EN 14181:2004 also refers to EN 13284-2:2004. This Technical Report summarises the re
45、quirements of EN 14181:2004 and EN 13284-2:2004, and provides guidance on how to perform each of the required tasks. 4.2 Regulatory framework and standards for monitoring 4.2.1 Monitoring requirements in the Directives The Directives prescribe the use of European Standards for monitoring emissions a
46、nd calibration of automated measuring systems, or, if European Standards are not available, then the use of ISO, national or other equivalent international standards that provide data of a suitable quality. The standards for monitoring emissions are known as standard reference methods (SRM). Further
47、more, the Directives specify overall performance requirements for continuous monitoring through uncertainty allowances expressed as a 95 % confidence interval. EN 14181:2004 presumes that the uncertainty of the AMS is expressed in the applicable Directives as half of the length of a 95 % confidence
48、interval as a percentage P of the emission limit value E. CEN/TR 15983:2010 (E) 11 4.2.2 Scope and structure of EN 14181:2004 EN 14181:2004 applies to AMS permanently installed at industrial plants regulated under the Directives. Also EN 14181:2004 applies to the AMS themselves and not the data recording systems used with AMS. The requirements for data acquisition and handling systems will be covered by a separate standard. The scope of EN 14181:2004 applies to complete AMS as defined by EN 15267-3, which includes not just the analyser,