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1、Rolling BearingsRolling Bearings Mounting and Dismounting of Rolling Bearings FAG Industrial Bearings AGWL 80 100/3 EA Mounting and Dismounting of Rolling BearingsPubl. No. WL 80 100/3 EA Mounting and Dismounting of Rolling Bearings Every care has been taken to ensure the correctness of the informat
2、ion contained in this publication but no liability can be accepted for any errors or omissions. We reserve the right to make changes in the interest of technical progress. by FAG 2002 This publication or parts thereof may not be reproduced without our permission. WL 80 100/3 EA/96/3/02 Printed in Ge
3、rmany by Weppert GmbH for bearings of 20 to 480 mm bore, the actual bore diameter in millimetres is five times the bore reference number. If operating conditions call for a bearing with special design features, the required bearing characteristics are indicated by suffixes added to the bearing numbe
4、r (see table 7.1, p. 83). Non-standardized FAG bearings are identified by code numbers from the 500 000 or 800 000 series. 2. How to Prepare Rolling Bearings for Mounting and Dismounting 9 | FAG Study shop drawing and phase individual operations Compare inscription on package with data on drawing Wi
5、pe clean seats and mating surfaces of anticorrosive oil Wash out used and contaminat- ed bearings Do not rework rings Keep work area dust-free and dry Wipe clean seats and mating surfaces of anticorrosive oil 2.3 Handling of Rolling Bearings before Mounting FAG rolling bearings are preserved in thei
6、r original package, with an anticorrisive oil. The oil need not be washed out, when mounting the bearing. In service, the oil combines with the bearing lubricant and provides for sufficient lubrication in the run-in period. The seats and mating surfaces must be wiped clean of anticorrisive oil befor
7、e mounting. Wash out anticorrisive oil with cold-cleaning agent from tapered bearing bores prior to mounting in order to ensure a safe and tight fit on the shaft or sleeve. Then thinly coat the bore with a machine oil of medium viscosity. Prior to mounting, wash used and contaminated bearings carefu
8、lly with kerosene or cold-cleaning agent and oil or grease them imme- diately afterwards. Do not perform any rework on the bearing. Subsequent drilling of lu- brication holes, machining of grooves, flats and the like will disturb the stress distribution in the ring resulting in premature bearing fai
9、l- ure. There is also the risk of chips or grit entering the bearing. 2.4 Cleanliness in Mounting Absolute cleanliness is essential! Dirt and humidity are dangerous of- fenders, since even the smallest particles penetrating into the bear- ing will damage the rolling surfaces. The work area must, the
10、refore, be dust-free, dry and well removed from machining operations. Avoid cleaning with compressed air. Ensure cleanliness of shaft, housing and any other mating parts. Cast- ings must be free from sand. Bearing seats on shaft and in housing should be carefully cleaned from anti-rust compounds and
11、 residual paint. Turned parts must be free from burrs and sharp edges. After cleaning, the housing bore should receive a protective coating. Preparations FAG | 10 Check mating parts for dimen- sional and form accuracy prior to bearing mounting Observe ring fits specified on drawing Check shaft and h
12、ousing toler- ances Check form tolerance of shaft and housing seats Check roughness of bearing seats 2.5 Surrounding Parts All surrounding parts should be carefully checked for dimensional and form accuracy prior to assembly Non-observance of the tolerances for shaft and housing seat diame- ters, ou
13、t-of-roundness of these parts, out-of-square of abutment shoulders etc. impair bearing performance and may lead to prema- ture failure. The responsibility of such faults for bearing failure is not always easy to establish and much time can be lost in looking for the cause of failure. 2.6 Fits Good b
14、earing performance is largely dependent on adherence to the fits specified for the rings in the drawing (see table 7.3 and 7.4, pp. 86 to 100). No one can give a straight answer to the question of the “right“ fit; in- deed the selection of fits is determined by the operating conditions of the machin
15、e and the design characteristics of the bearing assem- bly. Basically, both rings should be well supported over their seating areas and should therefore be tight fits. This is, however, not always possible, since it makes mounting and dismounting more difficult and is unfeasible with applications ca
16、lling for easy axial displacement of one ring, for instance with floating bearings. The interference produced by tight fits expands the inner ring and contracts the outer ring resulting in a reduction of radial clearance. Therefore, the radial clearance should be adapted to the fits. The shaft and h
17、ousing tolerances should be checked. Too loose a fit causes the ring to creep on the shaft which tends to damage both ring and shaft. It also affects the working accuracy of the machine or caus- es premature raceway fatigue from poor support. On the other hand, too tight a fit may result in detrimen
18、tal preload and hot running of the bearing. As the walls of rolling bearing rings are relatively thin, possible poor geometry of the mating parts is transmitted to the raceways. The seats must therefore be checked for diameter and form tolerances. For cylindrical seats, cylindricity is checked (DIN
19、ISO 1101). For ta- pered seats, roundness (DIN ISO 1101), taper angle and straightness (DIN 7178) are checked. The seating surfaces of shaft and housing smoothen, when joined, the bearing surfaces usually to a lesser degree. The rougher the sur- faces, the more marked is the loss in interference. Th
20、erefore, the roughness of the bearings seats (DIN 4768) is also checked. Preparations 11 | FAG 2: External micrometer for measur- ing shaft diameters 3: A snap gauge ensures safe po- sitioning and perfect measurement of cylindrical seats. The diameter for setting the gauge is marked on the master ri
21、ng. 2.7 Inspection of Bearing Seats For all measurements ensure that the measuring instrument has ap- proximately the same temperature as the parts to be measured. 2.7.1 Cylindrical Seats Shafts are generally checked with external micrometers (Fig. 2); The measuring accuracy must be checked by calib
22、ration. Preparations FAG | 12 Another useful instrument is the snap gauge shown in fig. 3. It func- tions as a comparator and its correct setting is checked with master rings. These master rings are supplied by FAG for each diameter. Bores are checked with internal micrometers (Fig. 4). Conventional
23、 comparative measuring instruments are also used (Figs. 5 to 7). Preparations 13 | FAG 4: Internal micrometer for bore measurements 5: Comparative measuring instru- ments are especially suitable for bore measurements. The master ring is used for setting. 6: A housing bore is measured with a bore mea
24、suring instrument. 7: Principle of the measurement with a bore measuring instrument (determination of the minimum di- mension). 8, 9: Usually the cylindricity of shaft and housing seats is checked by measuring the diame- ter in two cross sections and sev- eral planes (two-point measure- ment). Check
25、 diameter and cylindricity of shaft and housing seats Shaft and housing seats are checked for their diameter and their cy- lindricity. Normally, the diameter is measured in two different cross sections and several planes (two-point measurement) (Figs. 8 and 9). Preparations FAG | 14 Do not use beari
26、ng inner rings as master taper rings Use FAG taper measuring instru- ments MGK 133 and MGK 132 for exact checking 10: Master taper ring for checking small tapered bearing seats Unless otherwise specified in the shop drawing, the cylindricity tolerance should not exceed half the diameter tolerance (t
27、wo-point measurement). According to DIN ISO 1101, the cylindricity tolerance refers to the ra- dius. The tolerance values specified according to this standard must therefore be doubled for two-point measurements. 2.7.2 Tapered Seats Full inner ring support on the shaft requires exact coincidence of
28、shaft taper and inner ring bore taper. The taper of rolling bearing rings is standardized. For most bearing series it is 1:12, for some large width series 1:30. The master taper ring (Fig. 10) is the simplest measuring device. Conformity of shaft and master taper is ascertained by blueing. An inadeq
29、uate shaft taper must be improved, until the master ring shows full width support. FAG supply master tapers for taper diameters from 25 to 150 mm. Bearing inner rings should not be used as master rings. For the exact checking of tapered shaft seats FAG developed the ta- per measuring instruments MGK
30、 133 and MGK 132. The use of a re- ference taper or segment enables exact measurement of the bearing seat taper and diameter. Both instruments are easy to handle; the workpiece to be measured need not be removed from the machine. Preparations 15 | FAG 11: Taper measuring instrument FAG MGK 133 for t
31、apers with out- side diameters of 27 to 205 mm and lengths of less than 80 mm The taper measuring instrument FAG MGK 133 is provided for tapers of less than 80 mm length (Fig. 11). Measuring Ranges Taper measuringMGKMGKMGKMGKMGKMGKMGK instrument133A133B133C133D133E133F133G Taper dia. mm27.4747.6767.
32、8787.115 115.145 145.175 175.205 TaperTaper 1:12 and 1:30 (other angles on request) Min. taper lengthmm17212834425265 Dist. betw. meas. planesmm12152025334558 Preparations FAG | 16 Preparations 17 | FAG 12: Taper measuring instrument FAG MGK 132 for tapers with out- side diameters of 90 to 820 mm an
33、d lengths of more than 80 mm The taper measuring instrument FAG MGK 132 is used for tapers of a minimum length of 80 mm and a minimum diameter of 90 mm (Fig. 12). Measuring Ranges Taper measuringMGKMGKMGKMGKMGK instrument132B132C132D132E132F Taper dia. mm90.210190.310290.410390.510490.820 Taper Tape
34、r 1:12 and 1:30 (other angles on request) Min. taper lengthmm8080110125140 Dist. betw. meas. planes mm2020253036 Do not subject bearing rings to hammer blows For non-separable bearings ap- ply mounting force directly to the ring to be mounted 13: If a tight fit is required for the inner ring of a no
35、n-separable bearing, the bearing will first be mounted on the shaft; then the shaft and bearing assembly is pushed into the housing. 14: With separable bearings the rings can be mounted indepen- dently. This is especially advanta- geous when both rings get a tight fit. In order to avoid score marks,
36、 slightly rotate the parts when installing inner ring and shaft into outer ring and housing. The various bearing types and sizes require different mounting meth- ods. Depending on the individual conditions these can be mechani- cal, hydraulic or thermal. As the hardened bearing rings are sensitive t
37、o blows, these must nev- er be applied directly to the rings. On mounting of non-separable bearings (Fig. 13), the mounting forc- es must always be applied to the ring which will have the tight fit and therefore is the first to be mounted. Forces applied to the ring with the loose fit would be trans
38、mitted by the rolling elements, thus da- maging raceways and rolling elements. Mounting of separable bearings (Fig. 14) is easier, since the two rings can be mounted separately. In order to avoid score marks during as- sembly, slightly rotate the parts. 3.1 Mechanical Methods 3.1.1 Mounting of Cylin
39、drical Bore Bearings Bearings with a maximum bore of approximately 80 mm can be mounted cold. The use of a mechanical or hydraulic press is recom- mended (Fig. 15). 3. Rolling Bearing Mounting FAG | 18 1314 15: Bearings with a max. bore of 80 mm can be mounted on the shaft with a hydraulic press. 16
40、: If necessary, small bearings can be driven on the shaft with gentle hammer taps, using an ap- propriate mounting sleeve. If no press is available, the bearing can be driven on the shaft by gen- tle taps with a hammer or mallet. However, a mounting sleeve with a flat face must be used in order to d
41、istribute the mounting force evenly over the entire ring circumference and to avoid damage to the bearing (Fig. 16). The FAG mounting tool sets EINBAU.SET.ALU and EINBAU.SET.ST with perfectly matched precision components are suitable for correct mounting, see TI No. WL 80-49. The inside diameter of
42、the sleeve should just be little larger than the bearing bore and, to avoid damage to the cage, its outside diameter should not exceed the inner ring shoulder height. If a self-aligning bearing has to be pressed on the shaft and pushed into the housing at the same time, a disk should be used which b
43、ears against both bearing rings, thus avoiding misalignment of the outer ring in the housing (Fig. 17). Mounting 19 | FAG 17: Simultaneous shaft and hous- ing assembly of a bearing with the aid of a mounting disk. 18: For some self-aligning ball bearings, the mounting disk must be relieved. Heat als
44、o small bearings to achieve heavy interference fits 19: The outer rings of large cylin- drical roller bearings are positioned by means of a mounting lever. In some self-aligning ball bearings, the balls protrude beyond the rings. In such cases, the disk must be relieved (Fig. 18). If very tight fits
45、 are required, even small bearings should be heated for mounting, chapter 3.2. With light metal housings the seating areas might be damaged by press-fitting the outer ring in the housing bore. In such cases, the housing should be heated or the bearing cooled. Heavy bearing outer rings with sliding f
46、it can be mounted with a mounting lever (Fig. 19). In order to avoid damage to the raceway and roller surfaces the end of the mounting lever should be wrapped with cloths (do not use cot- ton waste). Mounting FAG | 20 17 19 18 Drawn cup needle roller bearings are pressed into the housing with a moun
47、ting mandrel. 20: Drawn cup needle roller bear- ing, open ends 21: Drawn cup needle roller bear- ing, closed end Mounting of Needle Roller Bearings Needle Roller Bearings with Machined Rings The same mounting principles apply to needle roller bearings as to cylindrical roller bearings. Bearings moun
48、ted in groups must have the same radial clearance to ensure uniform load distribution. Drawn Cup Needle Roller Bearings Due to their thin outer rings the form accuracy for the drawn cup needle roller bearings is achieved by means of tight fits in the hous- ing, making a lateral location unnecessary.
49、 For mounting drawn cup needle roller bearings, special mounting mandrels are used. Usually the mandrel abuts the stamped bearing face which is hardened with smaller sizes. If the mounting mandrel is accurately dimensioned, it can be applied to an unhardened lip with- out deforming or jamming the needle roller and cage assembly (Figs. 20 and 21). Mounting 21 | FAG 2021 22: Needle roller and cage assem- blies can be guided in the housing or on the shaft. a: Guidance in the housing b: Guidance on the shaft Needle Roller and Cage Assemblies Needle roller and cage assemblies are