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1、Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1997. Printed in the United States o
2、f America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on De
3、cember 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iii Introduction (This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1043-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Voltage Endurance Testing of Form-Wound Bars and Coils.) The voltage endurance test for full size stator bars and coils has been u
4、sed by generator manufacturers and users for almost 40 years. The fi rst version of the recommended practice was issued in 1985. Its use over the years showed that the recommended practice needed to be clarifi ed, and ambiguities needed to be elimi- nated. The present version has attempted to do thi
5、s. Compared to the fi rst version, there are no major differ- ences in the testing procedure. This recommended practice was prepared by the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS) Volt- age Endurance Technical Committee, which had the following membership: G. C. Stone, Chair The followi
6、ng persons were on the balloting committee: Ray Bartmikas S. Cherukupalli Robert E. Draper Franklin T. Emery Mike Fort Guanzhong Gao T. C. Garg James J. Grant Glenn Griffi n Gary Griffi th Bal K. Gupta Al Iversen Ron Johnsen Chaman L. Kaul Lyle Klataske William M. McDermid James McDonald G. Harold M
7、iller Charles Millet Beant S. Nindra Phil Reppert James E. Timperley David Train Vicki Warren Edward J. Adolphson Dana K. Arndt Roy L . Balke E. A. Boulter Robert E. Draper Franklin T. Emery Nirmal K. Ghai Brian E. B.Gott James J. Grant Franklin H. Grooms Bal K. Gupta Chaman L. Kaul Lyle Klataske St
8、eve C. Lindholm Terrence J. Lorenz Willam M. McDermid G. Harold Miller Osman M. Nassar Beant S. Nindra William B. Penn Robert H. Rehder Charles M. Rowe Greg C. Stone James E. Timperley Richard F. Weddleton C. A. Wilson Daniel I. Young Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded
9、 on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iv When the IEEE Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 19 September 1996, it had the fol- lowing membership: Donald C. Loughry, Chair Richard J. Holleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary *Member Emeritus
10、 Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal Alan H. Cookson Chester C. Taylor Rochelle L. Stern IEEE Standards Project Editor Gilles A. Baril Clyde R. Camp Joseph A. Cannatelli Stephen L. Diamond Harold E. Epstein Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster* D
11、onald N. Heirman Ben C. Johnson E. G. “Al” Kiener Joseph L. Koepfi nger* Stephen R. Lambert Lawrence V. McCall L. Bruce McClung Marco W. Migliaro Mary Lou Padgett John W. Pope Jose R. Ramos Arthur K. Reilly Ronald H. Reimer Gary S. Robinson Ingo Rsch John S. Ryan Chee Kiow Tan Leonard L. Tripp Howar
12、d L. Wolfman Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. v Contents CLAUSEPAGE 1.Overview 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose. 1 2.References 2 3.Definitions 2 4.Testing equipment 2 4.1 Power supply 4 4.2 Protectio
13、n. 4 4.3 Metering. 4 4.4 Temperature control. 6 5.Specimen preparation. 7 5.1 Pretest evaluation. 7 5.2 Electrode system 8 5.3 Application of heater plates. 8 5.4 Thermocouple application . 9 6.Voltage endurance testing and safety considerations 9 6.1 Grounding 9 6.2 Discharging considerations 9 6.3
14、 Test areas, lights, and interlocks 9 6.4 Experience 10 6.5 Failure currents and trip circuits 10 6.6 High voltage test-lead connections 10 6.7 Health concerns 10 7.Test procedures 10 7.1 Temperature stabilization. 10 7.2 Application of voltage 10 7.3 Failure 11 7.4 Suggested test records 11 7.5 Tes
15、t parameters to be defined 12 8.Data analysis and consideration for interpretation. 12 8.1 Test data. 12 8.2 Analysis of data from many samples. 13 ANNEX A(informative) Bibliography 14 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xpl
16、ore. Restrictions apply. 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Voltage-Endurance Testing of Form-Wound Bars and Coils 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This recommended practice covers the voltage endurance testing of form-wound bars and coils for use in large rotating machine stator windings. Such testing is defi ne
17、d for machines with a nominal voltage rating up to 30 000 V. These tests are to be applied at 50 Hz or 60 Hz and may be done at either room temperature or elevated temperature. (Testing at 50 Hz or 60 Hz may yield different times to failure for comparable sam- ples.) The specimen to be tested should
18、 be representative of the bars or coils used in the machine, and should include the complete insulated bar and external grading construction that the machine winding would have. Special features different than those used in the machine should not be added to the test specimens. 1.2 Purpose The purpo
19、se of this recommended practice is to defi ne a voltage endurance test method for use on insulated, form-wound bars and coils for installation in large rotating machine stators. These voltage endurance tests may be applied to representative specimens of form-wound, insulated bars and coils for eithe
20、r new machines or machines to be rewound. The intent of this document is to defi ne the specimen, the associated testing equipment, and the procedure for performing these voltage endurance tests. Specifi c numerical values for acceptable voltage endurance lifetimes are not recommended at this time.
21、The voltage and temperature of the test, the minimum acceptable lifetime, and the number of specimens to be tested should be established prior to testing (see 7.5). Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions ap
22、ply. IEEE Std 1043-1996IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR VOLTAGE ENDURANCE 2 2. References The following publications shall be used in conjunction with this standard. When the following standards are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. ASTM D1868-93, Standard Method for Detecti
23、on and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems. 1 IEEE Std 4-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing (ANSI). 2 IEEE Std 43-1974 (Reaff 1991), IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery (ANSI). IEEE P2
24、86 (D12/1-7-97), Draft Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power-Factor Tip-Up of Rotat- ing Machinery Stator Coil Insulation. 3 IEEE Std 930-1987 (Reaff 1995), IEEE Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Electrical Insulation Voltage Endurance Data (ANSI). 3. Defi nitions 3.1 groundwall insulati
25、on: The main high-voltage electrical insulation that separates the copper conductors from the grounded stator core in motor and generator stator windings. 3.2 semiconductive slot coating: The partially conductive paint or tape layer in intimate contact with the groundwall insulation in the slot port
26、ion of the stator core. This coating ensures that there is little voltage between the surface of the coil or bar and the grounded stator core. 3.3 stress control coating: The paint or tape on the outside of the groundwall insulation that extends several centimeters beyond the semiconductive slot coa
27、ting in high-voltage stator bars and coils. The stress control coating often contains silicon carbide particles that tend to linearize the electric fi eld distribution along the coil or bar endturn. The stress control coating overlaps the semiconductive slot coating to provide electrical contact bet
28、ween them. 3.4 test temperature: The temperature of the heater plates mounted on the stator coil or bar, as measured by a temperature sensor embedded within the heater plate. 3.5 voltage endurance: The time-to-failure of the groundwall insulation under a high electrical stress. 4. Testing equipment
29、Voltage endurance testing imposes specifi c requirements on the testing equipment in order that the results will be valid and the variance will be minimized. A practical testing equipment arrangement is described below and illustrated in fi gure 1. 1 ASTM publications are available from the American
30、 Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA. 2 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA. 3 This IEEE standards project was not approved
31、 by the IEEE Standards Board at the time this publication went to press. For information about obtaining a draft, contact the IEEE. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE TESTING OF FORM-WOUND B
32、ARS AND COILSStd 1043-1996 3 Figure 1A suggested circuit arrangement of the voltage endurance test Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE Std 1043-1996IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR VOLTAGE ENDUR
33、ANCE 4 To ensure accuracy and traceability, it is necessary for the test laboratory to establish and maintain calibra- tion and accuracy records for all relevant test equipment. 4.1 Power supply A power supply with a variable output voltage should be used that can be set precisely and that will rema
34、in at the same output voltage level for the duration of the test, which may extend to thousands of hours. The root- mean-square (rms) input voltage should be regulated to 1.5%. The ratio of peak-to-peak voltage to rms volt- age should be equal to within 5% and should be stable over the duration of t
35、he test. Note that a differ- ence greater than 5% may result in shorter insulation life due to a greater number of voltage harmonics. The volt-ampere rating of the high-voltage transformer is dependent on the specimen load. The specimen load may affect the waveshape. The transformers response in tur
36、n determines the harmonic content of the voltage waveform. Waveform distortion is primarily caused by the odd harmonics, with the third and fi fth harmonics predominating. For voltage waveforms to meet a 5% requirement, the third harmonic amplitude will normally be no greater than about 10% of the a
37、mplitude of the fundamental. Means are avail- able for improving the waveshape, including adjusting the capacitance on the primary or the secondary of the transformer. The important features of a typical power supply arrangement are identifi ed in fi gure 1. Voltage application is best accomplished
38、with a variable transformer feeding a step-up transformer. A hand-operated autotrans- former is suitable for voltage control, but motor operation with adjustable rate-of-rise is a convenient feature that offers a smooth voltage ramp. 4.2 Protection In addition to a primary breaker in the supply, the
39、re should be a suitably rated contactor feeding the variable transformer. The contactor coil should have the following trip contacts wired in series: a)The contact from an adjustable overcurrent trip circuit that operates from the neutral side of the high-voltage winding. The trip value is set just
40、above the normal current level (150% suggested maximum) on initial energization. This protection should operate fast enough to minimize damage to the specimen from the fault current when the specimen fails. b)A contact from a large, emergency-trip button of the “mushroom” type that is mounted in a p
41、romi- nent location on the front of the control panel to de-energize immediately the high-voltage supply if necessary. c)An interlock contact that prevents entry into the test cage/area while the transformer is energized. d)A zero-position limit contact on the variable autotransformer to prevent ene
42、rgization in any position but the zero-voltage position. 4.3 Metering 4.3.1 Voltage A direct and accurate measurement of the high-voltage that is applied to the specimens is required. A poten- tial transformer or capacitive voltage divider on the high-voltage side of the step-up transformer should b
43、e connected to a good quality meter ( 1%) on the control panel. Alternatively, a suitable high-voltage voltme- ter can be connected directly across the specimen. The equipment calibration shall be in terms of peak-to- peak voltage divided by . Applied voltage during the test shall be determined with
44、in an uncertainty of 1.5% of full scale and moni- tored during the test in such a way as to ensure no more than a specifi ed variation ( 2% recommended) 2 2 2 2 2 2 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:50:54 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions ap
45、ply. IEEE TESTING OF FORM-WOUND BARS AND COILSStd 1043-1996 5 occurs. The applied voltage waveshape may not be exactly sinusoidal. Therefore, although the voltage spec- ifi cation should be in terms of the rms voltage, the actual measurement should be in terms of the peak-to- peak applied voltage si
46、nce this is the single quantity that best determines the amount of partial discharge. Such a measurement might be made by an oscilloscope with a suitable voltage divider. Another practical means of measuring peak-to-peak voltage, requiring a high-voltage capacitor, a dc milliam- meter, and a low-vol
47、tage diode bridge rectifi er, is shown in fi gure 2. This circuit will provide a suffi ciently accurate indication of voltage, provided that the voltage waveshape does not have harmonics large enough to create intermediate reversals of slope between each peak and the succeeding peak of the opposite
48、sign. 4.3.2 Current Metering of the load current on the high-voltage side of the transformer is desirable and is facilitated by introducing between the neutral terminal of the high-voltage winding and ground either a current trans- former and ammeter or a directly connected milliammeter. Usually 5%
49、precision is suffi cient in this case. The current meter may have a bypass switch to protect it from fault currents that result from a specimen fail- ure. This switch should be in the bypass position except when a reading is required. The current measuring device is to be in series with the recommended overcurrent sensor see 4.2, item a). 4.3.3 Elapsed time The test time of the specimens are monitored either by an elapsed time meter with a resolution of 0.1 h or a computer-controlled data acquisition system with a resolution of 0.1 h. The test time measuring system is connect