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1、HZEE Std 1064-1991 IEEE Guide for Multifactor Stress Functional Testing of Electrical Insulation Systems Sponsor Multifactor Stress Committee ofthe IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society Approved June 12,1991 EEEStandardsBoard Abstract: A guide for developing test procedures for the func
2、tional testing of insulation systems used in long-life electrical equipment exposed to more than one factor of influence in service is presented. Included are descrpitions of technical problems and practical possibilities that may be helpful either for guidance or as a check list. A sequence of acti
3、on is recommended, and details of the procedures required for the specification of such tests are provided. The emphasis is on realis- tically modeling service aging in functional tests and making the tests as simple and practical as possible. Mechanisms of interaction between the factors influencin
4、g aging are reviewed. Keywords: Interaction, multifactor testing. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA 0 1991 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1991 Printed in the Un
5、ited States of America ISBN 1-55937-149-8 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. L Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:51
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16、t 16:51:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. (This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 1064-1991, IEEE Guide for Multifactor Stress Functional Testing of Electrical Insulation Systems.) The Multifactor Stress Committee of the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society was charged with
17、 the development of a guide for endurance tests on electrical insulation where insula- tion life is influenced by more than the simple factor of temperature. Factors of influence or stresses that operate on electrical insulation in equipment during normal operation can be identi- fied as thermal, el
18、ectrical, environmental, and mechanical. Multifactor stress can be defined as the simultaneous application of more than one of these stresses to an electrical insulation system. The need to comprehend the actual aging and failure mechanisms of the insulation in service and to simulate them appropria
19、tely in laboratory tests is leading to new approaches regarding methods of aging, diagnostic procedures, and the final interpretation of the test results. This document is a culmination of the committees efforts to address this need by providing guidelines for standard- ized test procedures for the
20、insulating materials and the methodology for functional tests of insu- lation used in long-life electrical and electronic equipment. At the time that this guide was approved, the Working Group had the following membership: R J . Flaherty, J r . , Chair V K. Aggarwal P. E. Alexander A. I. Bennet W. H
21、. Bentley, Jr. E. A. Boulter E. L. Brancato L. E. Braswell, I11 F. J. Campbell E. M. Fort R. A. Frantz G. Gela T. J. Lorenz H Rosen W. T. Starr J. A. Tanaka C. de Tourreil At the time that this guide was approved, the Multifactor Stress Committee (S-32-71 of the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insul
22、ation Society had the following membership: L . E . Braswell, IU, Chair V K. Aggarwal P. E. Alexander A. I. Bennet W. H. Bentley, Jr. E. A. Boulter E. L. Brancato F. J. Campbell R. J. Flaherty E. M. Fort R. A. Frantz G. Gela T. J. Lorenz H Rosen W. T. Starr J. A. Tanaka C. de Tourreil The final cond
23、itions for approval of this guide were met on June 12, 1991. This guide was conditionally approved by the IEEE Standards Board on March 21, 1991 with the following membership: Marco W. Migliaro, Chairman Donald C. Loughry, Vice Chairman Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Dennis Bodson Paul L. Borrill Clyde
24、Camp James M. Daly Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster* David F. Franklin Ingrid Fromm Thomas L. Hannan Donald N. Heirman Kenneth D. Hendrix John W. Horch Ben C. Johnson Ivor N. Knight Joseph L. Koepfinger* Irving Kolodny Michael A. Lawler John E. May, Jr. Lawrence V. McCall Donald T. Michael* Stig L
25、. Nilsson John L. Rankine Ronald H. Reimer Gary S. Robinson Terrance R. Whittemore *Member Emeritus Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:51:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. (hlhlts SECTION PAGE 1 . General . 5 1 . 1 Scope and Purpose
26、 . 5 1.2 Definitions . 5 1.3 References 6 2 . Guide for the Preparation of Multifactor Functional Testing Procedures 6 2.1 Different Complexity of Multifactor Functional Tests . 6 2.1.1 Examples of Interaction Between Factors of Influence . 8 2.1.1.1 Thermal Aging 8 2.1.1.2 Electrical Aging . 9 2.1.
27、1.3 Environmental Aging 9 2.1.1.4 Mechanical Aging 9 2.2 Preparation of Multifactor Test Procedures . 10 2.2.2 Service Conditions to be Simulated 10 2.2.3 Interactions Between Factors of Influence . 10 2.2.4 Types of Test Procedures . 1 1 2.2.5 Concerns Regarding the Specification of the Test Proced
28、ure . 11 2.2.5.1 Aging Procedure . 11 2.2.5.2 Acceleration of Tests 12 2.2.5.3 Diagnostic Factors and End-Point Criteria 12 2.2.5.4 Evaluation of Test Results 12 2.2.5.5 Test Report 13 2.2.1 General Principles 10 3 . Bibliography 13 FIGURES Fig 1 Diagram for Choosing a Valid Test Procedure Consisten
29、t with Known or Experimentally Observed Service Relationships . 7 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 16:51:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE Guide for Multifactor Stress Functional Testing of Electrical Insulation Systems 1 . Gene
30、ral 1.1 Scope and Purpose. This document is in- tended for use as a guide when developing test procedures for the functional testing of insula- tion systems for use in long-life electrical equipment exposed to more than one factor of influence in service. This document is anal- ogous to IEC 792 Csll
31、. This guide contains recommendations re- garding the sequence of actions and details of the procedures required for the specification of such tests. Simulation of service aging by one or sev- eral single-factor tests on separate specimens is not within the scope of this document. Concern for the re
32、liability and adequate service life of economically designed and manufactured electrical equipment has in- creasingly motivated manufacturers and users to consider more advanced methods of insulation evaluation than either the simple conventional test methods or the mere refer- ence to classificatio
33、n tables. The need to com- prehend the actual aging and failure mecha- nisms of the insulation in service and to sim- ulate them appropriately in laboratory tests is leading to new approaches regarding methods of aging, diagnostic procedures, and the final interpretation of the test results. Since e
34、quip- ment insulation in service usually is sub- jected to the actions of several factors of influ- ence, a multifactor test will, in many cases, be considered. This document contains descriptions of technical problems and practical possibilities that may be helpful either for guidance or as a check
35、 list. The emphasis of this document particularly concerns two matters: the realis- tic modeling of service aging in functional tests and the concern that tests be as simple and practical as possible. This guide consists of two sections. The first section is a general section describing the pur- pos
36、e and scope, including definitions. The second section contains an essay on multifac- tor tests and details on preparation of multi- factor test procedures. 1.2 Definitions. The following terms are introduced in this document. Additional terms are defined in IEEE Std 1-1986 U2 interaction. Modificat
37、ion of the type or degree of aging produced by the combination of two or more factors of influence relative to the sum of their aging effects when acting individually on separate objects. NOTES: (1) Aging effects are understood to be any pri- mary changes in the insulation due to aging, e.g., change
38、s in chemical composition. (2) Changes in physical properties usually are mea- sured and used to describe the “degree of aging.” However, they may depend on the aging effects in a very compli- cated manner. Therefore, even when interactions are ab- sent, the changes in physical properties may not be
39、 addi- tive as are the aging effects. (3) The above definition differs from the accepted statis- tical definition of interaction. direct interaction. Interaction between simul- taneously-applied factors of influence that dif- fers from interaction occurring between se- quentially-applied factors of
40、influence. Fac- tors producing direct interaction are not nec- essarily aging factors. (See 2.1.1.) indirect interaction. Interaction between si- multaneously-applied factors of influence that remains essentially unchanged when the factors are applied sequentially. Indirect in- teraction can only be
41、 caused by aging factors. The numbers in brackets, when preceded by the letter 2The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the “B,” correspond to the bibliography in Section 3. references in Section 1.3. 5 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 1
42、6:51:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. IEEE 1064-1991 synergism. The change in properties that is not equal to the sum of the change in properties from two stresses. Synergisms may be seen in either sequential or simultaneous tests. Synergism may be positive or negative. IEEE GUIDE FOR MU
43、LTIFACTOR STRESS FUNCTIONAL nonaging stress. A stress that does not cause an irreversible change to take place with time. aging index. The process of aging is mea- sured by analytically determining some phys- ical or chemical property of the material. The change observed in such a property is called
44、 the aging index. activation energy. A characteristic value re- lated to the change in the log of the rate con- stant with absolute temperature (or other stress). Equal acceleration by two stresses is not obtained by equal increases of the stresses. Activation energy must be considered. end point. T
45、he definition in IEEE Std 1-1986 Cl1 is understood with the clarification that, for multifactor stress considerations, end point refers to the reaching of a failure point for a single sample of a system being tested. specimen. Defined for this guide as the insu- lation system in an apparatus or test
46、 configu- ration modeling that apparatus that provides a single datum point. failure. In a multifactor test, it is that value of a property that is preselected as the degree of degradation that is indicative of the end-of- life of the insulation system being studied. factor of influence. A specific
47、physical stress imposed by operation, environment, or test that influences the performance of an insulating material, insulation system, or electric equipment. aging factor. A factor of influence that causes an irreversible change (usually degradation) to take place with time. diagnostic factor. A v
48、ariable or fixed stress that can be applied periodically or continu- ously during an accelerated test to measure the degree of aging without in itself influencing the aging process. aging stress. A stress that causes an irre- versible change (usually degradation) to take place with time. 1 . 3 Refer
49、ences U1 IEEE Std 1-1986, IEEE Standard General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating of Electric Equipment and for the Evaluation of Electrical Insulation (ANSI).3 21 IEEE Std 98-1984, IEEE Standard for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Solid Electrical In- sulating Materials (ANSI). 31 IEEE Std 99-1980, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Preparation of Test Procedures for the Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Electrical Equipment (ANSI). 2. Guide for the Preparation of Multi.lh&r FunctionalTesting procedures 2 . 1 Different Complexity