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1、 i IEEE Std 140-1990 IEEE Recommended Practice for Minimization of Interference from Radio- Frequency Heating Equipment Sponsor Standards Committee of the IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Approved May 31, 1990 IEEE Standards Board Abstract: IEEE Std 140-1990, IEEE Recommended Practice for
2、Minimization of Interference from Radio- Frequency Heating Equipment , describes procedures that may be applied in the design and construction of radio-frequency heating equipment used for heating in industrial and other purposes, excluding applications in the field of telecommunication and informat
3、ion technology. These procedures are intended to reduce the amount of radio-frequency energy leaks, which can interfere with other equipment and broadcast services; they may also be used as remedial measures when harmful interference occurs. Keywords: electromagnetic interference, ISM equipment, rad
4、io-frequency energy, radio-frequency heating equipment ISBN 1-55937-043-2 Copyright 1990 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USA No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or o
5、therwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ii IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies
6、 and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the
7、Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE which have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard. Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase,
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14、y, NJ 08555-1331 USA IEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume an
15、y obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iii Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 140-1990, IEEE Recommended Practice for
16、 Minimization of Interference from Radio- Frequency Heating Equipment.) The purpose of this recommended practice is to provide guidance to those responsible for preventing radio-frequency (rf) heating equipment from interfering with other electrical equipment in its environment. RF energy for heatin
17、g purposes has found multiple applications in industrial, scientifi c, and medical equipment. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to contain all of the rf energy used within rf heating equipment. This recommended practice seeks to give guidance that will prevent interference with other equipme
18、nt and broadcast services by limiting the amount of rf energy that escapes to low levels. When it became necessary to review and revise IEEE Std 140-1950 , Jim Maw accepted the chairmanship of the working group and directed the task of updating this standard. The members of the working group contrib
19、uted their time and energy generously. As this project neared completion, a number of other individuals contributed review and comments, which substantially aided in the completion of the task. These contributors are gratefully acknowledged. At the time this project was completed, the 140 Working Gr
20、oup consisted of the following members: Jim Maw , Chair Lorenzo Duerr Henry F. Huang Norman J. Johnstone Eugene D. Knowles Woodrow Willett T. Lamont Wilson John Zimmerly H. Stephen Berger, Secretary to the EMC Society Standards Committee, is acknowledged for his assistance in seeing this project thr
21、ough its publication. The following individuals in the EMC Society Standards Committee contributed substantially to this revision as well as balloting and approving this project for submission to the IEEE Standards Board: Edwin L. Bronaugh W. E. Cory Glen Dash Hugh Denny Sal Gentile Donald N. Heirma
22、n Eugene D. Knowles Jim Parker Risaburo Sato Ralph M. Showers Ed Skomal Leonard W. Thomas, Sr. Art Wall Daniel E. Weinberg When the IEEE Standards Board approved this recommended practice on May 31, 1990, it had the following membership: Marco W. Migliaro , Chair James M. Daly , Vice Chair Andrew G.
23、 Salem , Secretary Dennis Bodson Paul L. Borrill Fletcher J. Buckley Allen L. Clapp Stephen R. Dillon Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster * Thomas L. Hannan Kenneth D. Hendrix John W. Horch Joseph L. Koepfinger * Irving Kolodny Michael A. Lawler Donald J. Loughry John E. May, Jr. Lawrence V. McCall L
24、. Bruce McClung Donald T. Michael * Stig Nilsson Roy T. Oishi Gary S. Robinson Terrance R. Whittemore Donald W. Zipse * Member Emeritus Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. iv CLAUSEPAGE 1. Introdu
25、ction.1 2. References.1 3. Definitions.2 4. General2 4.1 The Need for Shielding 2 4.2 Nature of Radiation 3 4.3 Location and Measurement of Radiation. 6 4.4 Remedial Methods . 7 5. Good Engineering Practice .8 5.1 Design of Equipment . 8 5.2 Installation 10 5.3 Use and Maintenance. 13 6. Procedures
26、to Be Used When Interference Is Encountered13 6.1 General. 13 6.2 Preliminary Checks 14 6.3 Location of Sources . 14 6.4 Corrective Measures 15 7. Bibliography15 Annex Symbols and Units (Informative).17 Contents Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at
27、 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Minimization of Interference from Radio- Frequency Heating Equipment 1. Introduction The use of radio-frequency (rf) energy for heating in industrial and other processes is ess
28、ential to manufacturing technology. RF heating equipment is one category of equipment that generates and/or uses rf energy for industrial, scientifi c, medical, domestic, and other purposes excluding applications in the fi eld of telecommunication and information technology. Equipment so defi ned is
29、 generally called ISM equipment. It is economically diffi cult to completely contain the rf energy generated by rf heating equipment. A certain amount of such energy inevitably leaks into the space around the equipment or is conducted over control power wires to other equipment in the vicinity. This
30、 radiated and/or conducted rf energy is capable of causing harmful interference to telecommunication services and to information technology equipment and thus is a very important issue. Accordingly, most governments have issued regulations to limit such unintentional radiated and conducted emissions
31、. The procedures described should be applied in equipment design and construction. The user should carefully follow the manufacturers recommendations and keep the specifi ed structure complete and in good condition. These procedures may be used as remedial measures when harmful interference occurs.
32、It is much less expensive, however, to incorporate EMC techniques in the original design than to correct errors after installation. 2. References This recommended practice shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. A bibliography is included in Section 7 for further information. 1
33、 ANSI C63.2-1987, American National Standard for InstrumentationElectromagnetic Noise and Field Strength, 10 kHz to 40 GHz Specifi cations. 1 2 ANSI C63.4-1988, American National Standard Methods of Measurement of Radio-Noise Emissions from Low- Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Ran
34、ge of 10 kHz to 1 GHz. 1 ANSI publications can be obtained from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018. Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
35、2 Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved IEEE Std 140-1990IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MINIMIZATION OF 3 ANSI C95.1-1982, American National Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 300 kHz to 100 GHz. 2 4 ANSI/NPFA 70-1990, National Elect
36、rical Code, 1990 ed. 3 5 IEEE Std 100-1988, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms 4th ed. (ANSI). 4 6 IEEE Std 139-1988, IEEE Recommended Practice for Measurement of Radio Frequency Emission from Industrial, Scientifi c, and Medical (ISM) Equipment Installed on Users Premises
37、(ANSI). 7 IEEE Std 473-1985, IEEE Recommended Practice for an Electromagnetic Site Survey (10 kHz to 10 GHz) (ANSI). 8 IEEE Std 518-1982, IEEE Guide for the Installation of Electrical Equipment to Minimize Noise Inputs to Controllers from External Sources (ANSI). 9 US Federal Communications Commissi
38、on, Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, pt. 2 Frequency Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters; General Rules and Regulations. 5 10 US Federal Communications Commission, Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, pt. 18 Industrial, Scientifi c and Medical Service. 3. Definitions Unless otherwise noted,
39、 all technical defi nitions are in accordance with those given in IEEE Std 100-1988 5. 6 Poulsen arc (also Poulsen singing arc or singing arc): A type of arc-gap transmitting circuit that uses a resistance- capacitance (rc) circuit to tune the arc. This technique substantially reduces the bandwidth
40、used by the arc-gap transmitter. 4. General 4.1 The Need for Shielding 4.1.1 Local Effects The electrical behavior of high-frequency power gives the impression that it does not follow electrical laws applicable at lower frequencies, where power capability is typically measured in kilowatts and radia
41、tion allowance is only a few milliwatts. Actually, there is no fundamental difference. The diffi culty lies only in the fact that effects that were negligible at 60 Hz become very important as the frequency is raised. It becomes increasingly diffi cult to confi ne electric currents to desired circui
42、ts. Dangerous potentials may exist between apparatus cases that can cause burns to operators as well as serious radiation emissions. High-frequency currents may circulate in control devices and make them inoperative or otherwise impair their functions. Circuits and structures that are not associated
43、 with the equipment 2 ANSI C95.1-1982 has been withdrawn. Copies can be obtained from ANSI. 3 NFPA publications are available from Publications Sales, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 or from ANSI. 4 IEEE publications can be obtained from the Service Center,
44、The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 or from ANSI. 5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 20554. 6 The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the references listed in
45、Section 2. When preceded by B, they correspond to the bibliography in Section 7 Authorized licensed use limited to: Peking University. Downloaded on December 26,2010 at 15:39:33 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3 INTERFERENCE FROM RADIO-FREQUENCY HEAT
46、ING EQUIPMENTIEEE Std 140-1990 in any way may pick up high-frequency currents. The solution to all such hazards is the use of shielding and fi ltering to confi ne the currents to safe channels. 4.1.2 Remote Effects High-frequency energy can propagate through free space and through wires, causing int
47、erference to equipment at great distances from the source. The energy may travel along the earths surface or be conducted on wires directly to the remote point, or it may be refl ected from the ionosphere to be returned to earth at tremendous distances from its source. Again, the solution lies in ad
48、equate shielding and design of the high-frequency circuits. Surprisingly small amounts of radiated power can cause considerable trouble of this nature. There are always high-frequency currents inside a cabinet. They must be kept inside and not allowed to escape. A poor joint (one that is dirty, loos
49、e, etc.) or an opening are places from which currents may escape, so they must be eliminated. Good shielding includes the following: 1)A high-conductivity enclosure 2)Good, clean contact between cabinet parts 3)Minimum openings 4)Shielded openings 5)Waveguides where needed 6)Use of interlocks 7)Filtering of electrical conductors where they penetrate the shield Shielding integrity is dependent on regular maintenance. As operating frequencies increase, coupling effects, which are negligible at 60 Hz, become signifi cant. Dangerous potentials may