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1、LSD 39-2007 A NEMA Lighting Systems Division Document Four-Pin Spiral Compact Fluorescent Lamp Systems Issues, Recommendations, & Standardization Prepared by Lamp, Ballast, and Luminaire Sections National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Va. 22209 Dece
2、mber 1, 2007 The requirements or guidelines presented in this document, a NEMA Lighting Systems Division white paper, are considered technically sound at the time they are approved for publication. They are not a substitute for a product sellers or users own judgment with respect to the particular p
3、roduct discussed, and NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturers products by virtue of this document or guide. Thus, NEMA expressly disclaims any responsibility for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance by others on the information contained
4、 in these white papers, standards, or guidelines. LSD 39-2007 Contents Section 1 Introduction1 Section 2 Background1 Section 3 The Issue.4 Section 4 Interim Recommendations.5 Section 5 Standardization of Plug-In Spiral CFLs6 Section 6 Conclusion.6 LSD 39-2007 Section 1 Introduction This NEMA Lightin
5、g Systems Division white paper discusses potential systems issues that may arise when some four-pin spiral compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) are operated in luminaires (and on incorporated ballasts) that are neither specifically approved nor third-party safety-listed for use with such lamps. It discu
6、sses industry plans to include this emerging lamp type in proposed American national consensus standards for industry, and it summarizes current recommendations to minimize potential field issues involving this emerging lamp type. Section 2 Background Self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps with a
7、spiral or twist type bulb configuration have become increasingly popular with consumers. A spiral bulb configuration allows for a generally shorter maximum overall length, which further permits these lamps to physically fit more applications, which is desirable. Typically these spiral self-ballasted
8、 CFLs are integral (single piece) units that permanently attach the spiral bulb (also called a lamp) to the electronic ballast housing. (See Figure 1.) This construction ensures full compatibility between the particular spiral bulb and its electronic ballast. This self-contained system is evaluated
9、by the manufacturer and third-party listing agencies such as UL, CSA, and ETL, and additionally may meet other applicable ANSI and EnergyStar CFL requirements to further ensure suitable performance in the field. Self-ballasted integral CFLs with Edison bases (such as those illustrated in Figure 1) a
10、re not at issue and are not the subject of this white paper. 1 ? LSD 39-2007 Figure 1 Spiral CFL with Integral Ballast and Edison Base More recently, some Asian lamp companies have adapted the compact spiral bulb configuration to a (typically four-pin) plug-in lamp type (see Figure 2) that is intend
11、ed to be used in luminaires that contain a separate-component electronic ballast. These imported spiral lamps are sometimes sold as replacement lamp alternatives and are portrayed as being fully compatible in luminaires that were originally designed for use with standardized non-spiral plug-in CFLs.
12、 Such spiral lamps often utilize the same GX24q-3 bases that are commonly used with non-spiral standardized lamp types. Figure 2 Spiral CFL with Four-pin Base This newer spiral configuration is similar in concept to the non-spiral plug- in CFL bulbs that have been previously standardized as an Ameri
13、can National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for many years in that both types are intended to plug in to a standardized lamp holder. The current industry 2 ? LSD 39-2007 standardized plug-in CFL bulbs are not spiral-shaped but are configured as multi- limbed tubes that can be bent or configured
14、 in other ways that result in vertical limbs rather than a single spiral shape. (See Figure 3.) These existing multi- limbed (non-spiral) standardized lamps1 utilize different standardized bases for different rated wattages and generally are four-pin types to allow for use in dimming applications or
15、 where supplementary cathode heat is supplied by the electronic ballast. Figure 3 Non-spiral Plug-in CFL Lamp (Multi-limbed Configuration) Existing standardized multi-limbed (non-spiral) plug-in CFL bulbs have been evaluated by lamp manufacturers to meet the requirements of the appropriate performan
16、ce and safety standards2. In addition, ballast and luminaire manufacturers design and list their products for these appropriate multi-limbed (non-spiral) plug-in CFLs, so the vast majority of ballasts and luminaires in the field today that utilize plug-in CFLs are only intended and approved to opera
17、te standardized multi-limbed non-spiral plug-in lamp types.3 This ensures that when 1 ANSI/IEC C78.901-2005, For Electric LampsSingle Base Fluorescent Lamps Dimensional and Electrical Characteristics 2 ANSI-IEC C78.901-2005 and ANSI/IEC C78.1199-2002, Single-Capped Fluorescent Lamps Safety Specifica
18、tions 3 ANSI C82.11-2002, High-Frequency Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts 3 ? LSD 39-2007 lamps are replaced, the original expected performance and safety aspects of the system are maintained. Lamp and ballast data sheets reference the appropriate standards and are compatible in recommended pairs. Specific
19、ations and catalogs define exactly which lamps are approved for use with each listed ballast. Section 3 The Issue When four-pin spiral plug-in CFL lamps are installed in luminaires that are not listed (by UL, for example) for use with such lamps, or are used in luminaires where the ballast has not b
20、een listed for use with such lamps, the system may not operate properly. Such improper operation may result in systems operating in an unstable manner, poor or erratic lamp starting, short lamp or ballast life, or excessive power consumption. Excessive power consumption may further result in the ove
21、r heating of ballasts, lamp bases, and lamp holders. Such field issues have been reported. Although spiral lamps may exhibit the required compatible electrical conditions at room temperature, it is possible that some spiral designs, since they have not yet been subjected to a full industry evaluatio
22、n, may exhibit differing electrical characteristics at the elevated operating (or ambient) temperatures associated with field conditions in ceilings. This can further complicate whether spiral lamps are indeed fully electrically and thermally interchangeable with the pre-existing standardized multi-
23、limbed plug-in CFLs. Although four-pin spiral plug-in lamps that meet the applicable ANSI standards should in theory operate correctly with a ballast designed for that wattage type, the industry has not determined whether other requirements may also need to be identified for proper operating compati
24、bility of spiral plug-in lamp types with existing luminaires and ballasts that did not anticipate such lamp types. It may be that existing plug-in 4 ? LSD 39-2007 lamp standards will need to be amended to accommodate characteristics unique to newer spiral lamp types. At this point, the existing ANSI
25、 plug-in CFL standards specifically do not cover spiral plug-in lamp configurations. Operating plug-in spiral CFLs on systems where neither the luminaire nor ballast has been approved or listed for spiral lamps may void the luminaire and ballast manufacturer warranty and third party safety listing.
26、Section 4 Interim Recommendations Until the industry standards committees have completed their work, the use of spiral plug-in CFL lamps should be carefully considered. End users should not assume spiral plug-in CFLs are suitable for use in luminaires that were designed and specified for use with st
27、andardized multi-limbed CFL lamps, even if the spiral lamp has the same nominal wattage and the same lamp base as the multi-limbed lamp. Spiral plug-in CFL lamps should only be used in luminaires if that luminaire (and its ballast) have been approved for spiral plug-in lamp type operation by the lum
28、inaire (and ballast) manufacturer(s). Until this issue is resolved and existing standards, requirements, and re- lamping labeling provisions are reviewed for spiral lamp compatibility, spiral plug- in CFL lamps should only be used after receiving approval from the luminaire manufacturer, unless the
29、luminaire is specifically labeled or otherwise specified by its manufacturer as suitable for use with spiral plug-in CFL lamps4. 4 Since an end user may not know what ballast type is incorporated in a luminaire, the luminaire manufacturer should be the first point of contact for re-lamping questions
30、. 5 ? LSD 39-2007 Section 5 Standardization of Spiral Plug-In CFLs The American National Standard Fluorescent Lamp Working Group has formed a task force to consider what steps need to be taken to determine whether spiral plug-in CFLs need additional requirements that may differ from non-spiral confi
31、gurations or not. Manufacturers of spiral plug-in CFLs are invited to participate in this effort. Interested manufacturers should contact the NEMA secretariat for this ANSI standardization activity.5 Section 6 Conclusion Luminaires intended and specified for use with multi-limbed (non-spiral) plug-i
32、n CFLs should only be re-lamped with multi-limbed lamp types as designated on the luminaire re-lamping label, the luminaire specification sheet, or any other literature provided by the luminaire manufacturerunless otherwise approved by the luminaire manufacturer. Spiral plug-in CFLs should only be u
33、sed in luminaires that specifically are evaluated, approved, and listed for their use. If questions arise, contact the luminaire manufacturer for clarification. Manufacturers of spiral plug-in CFLs interested in participation in the standardization effort are invited to make technical contributions that will address the system compatibility issues and standardization of spiral plug-in lamps and systems. 5 Contact Randolph Roy, American National Standard Lighting Group, email: ran_roynema.org 6