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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790 http:www.sae.org Copyright 1987 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 STANDARD Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard J1001 REV.
4、MAR87 Issued1974-02 Revised1987-03 Supersedes J1001 MAY86 (R) INDUSTRIAL FLAIL MOWERS AND POWER RAKES ForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Board format. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.Scope . 2 1.1Purpose 2 2.References. 2 2.1Applicable Publications. 2
5、 2.1.1SAE Publications 2 3.Definitions. 2 4.General Requirements . 3 4.1Guarding and Shielding 3 4.2Labels, Safety Signs and Instructions 4 4.2.1Control Identification. 4 4.2.2Machine Identification. 4 4.2.3Labels. 4 4.2.4Safety Signs . 4 4.2.5Operation, Service and Maintenance Instructions 5 4.3Pre
6、ssurized Components. 5 5.Machine Requirements. 5 5.1Tongue 5 5.2Attachment Means . 6 5.3Machine Controls . 6 6.Functional Component Requirements 7 6.1Discharge Opening Safety Sign . 7 6.2Guarding and Shielding 7 6.3Cutting Elements 7 6.4Requirements for Flail Mowers and Flail Power Rakes 7 SAE J1001
7、 Revised MAR87 -2- 7.Test For Machine Components.7 7.1Test Conditions, General.7 7.2Foot Probe Test.7 7.3Impact Tests7 7.4Blade Unbalance Tests.8 Figure 1Flail Forward Trajectory.8 Figure 2Foot Probe9 Figure 3Flail Mower Test10 1.ScopeThe guidelines for operator and bystander protection in this reco
8、mmended practice apply to towed, semimounted or mounted flail mowers and flail power rakes when powered by a propelling tractor or machine of at least 15 kw (20 hp), intended for marketing as industrial mowing equipment and designed for cutting grass and other growth in public use areas such as park
9、s, cemeteries and along roadways and highways. The use of the word “industrial“ is not to be confused with “in-plant industrial equipment“. This document does not apply to: 1.Turf care equipment primarily designed for personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or t
10、emporary household or residence. 2.Machines designed primarily for agricultural purposes but which may be used for industrial use. 3.Self powered or self propelled mowers or mowing machines. Where other standards are referenced, such reference applies only to the document identified, not revisions t
11、hereof. 1.1PurposeTo establish guidelines for operator and bystander protection for flail mowers and flail power rakes whose intended use falls within the scope of this document. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifie
12、d herein. Unless otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J115Safety Signs (ASAE S441) SAE J208 JUL83Safety for AGricultural Equipment (ASAE S318.7 SAE J715 SEP83Three-Poi
13、nt Lift Free-Link Attachment of Implements, Ag Wheeled (ASAE S217.10) SAE J898 JUL82Control Locations for Off-Road Work Machines SAE J909 APR80Three-Point Hitch Implement Quick Attaching Coupler, Ag Tractors (ASAE S278.6) SAE J920Technical Publications for Agricultural Equipment (ASAE EP363) SAE J11
14、50 MAY83Terminology for Ag Equipment SAE J1500 JUN80Universal Symbols for Operator Controls 3.Definitions(See also SAE J1150 MAY83): 3.1Flail MowerA mower that cuts by impact with a multiplicity of free-swinging knives that rotate about an axis parallel to the cutting plane. SAE J1001 Revised MAR87
15、-3- 3.1.1FLAIL POWER RAKEA power rake that raises thatch or debris from the turf by a multiplicity of free-swinging knives that rotate about an axis parallel to the cutting plane. 3.2Arm Type Flail MowerFlail mowers which are intended to be used frequently with the cutter portion not adjacent or par
16、allel to the ground. 3.3Functional ComponentA working mechanism of an attachment or implement designed to perform a specific task such as the cutting blade of a flail mower. 3.4Guarded by LocationA potential hazard is so guarded when it is covered by other parts or components of the machine, or beca
17、use of its remote location, inadvertent contact is minimized during normal operation or servicing. 3.5Inadvertent ContactContact between a person and a machinery hazard, or other type of hazard, resulting from the persons unintentional actions during normal operation. 3.6Machinery HazardA source of
18、potential injury created by machinery which can cause serious injury upon contact or by entanglement of personal apparel. This includes, but is not limited to, the pinch points of power driven gears, run-on points of belts and chains, and projections on rotating parts. 3.7Normal Operating PositionTh
19、e space within operator zone occupied by the operator while operating mower. The operator is sitting on the seat with hands on the steering controls and feet on controls or areas provided for foot placement. For Operator Zone, see SAE J898. 3.8Power Take-Off (PTO)An external shaft on the rear of a t
20、ractor to provide rotational power to implements. (SAE J208 JUL83) 3.9Implement Input Drive Line (IID)Two universal joints and their connecting member(s) and fastening means for transmitting rotational power from the tractor PTO to the imiplement input connection. A double Cardan, constant velocity
21、joint is considered a single joint. The IID also includes integral shielding where provided. Reference SAE J208 JUL83. 3.10 LabelA durable label used as a safety sign or for instruction or identification and that shall meet or exceed the requirements of 4.2.3. 3.11 Propelling MachineA tractor or sel
22、f-propelled machine. 3.12 Standard Test OperatorA person weighing 95 5 kg (209 11 lb) and standing 188 5 cm (74 2 in) tall. 3.13 Shield (Or Guard)A barrier which minimizes inadvertent personal contact with hazards. 4.General Requirements 4.1Guarding and Shielding 4.1.1Inadvertent contact with hazard
23、s shall be minimized during normal mounting, starting, operating, or dismounting the equipment by guarding and shielding. SAE J1001 Revised MAR87 -4- 4.1.2The following are some of the potential hazard areas: a.Pinch points of gears and the run-on point where a belt or chain contacts a sheave, sproc
24、ket or idler. b.Outside faces of pulley, sheaves, sprockets and gears on rotating drives. c.Rotating parts with projections such as exposed bolts, keys or set screws. d.Revolving shafts, except smooth (without keyways, splines, etc.) shaft ends protruding less than one- half the diameter of the rota
25、ting element. e.Implement input drive line. f.Functional components. 4.1.3Shields shall remain functional under the forces that would be applied by a 120 kg (265 lb) individual leaning on, falling against or stepping on them. This applies only to those forces that could be expected in normal machine
26、 operation or maintenance. 4.1.4Equipment with access doors and shields which can be opened or removed while components continue to rotate more than 7 seconds after the power is disengaged, shall have: (1) visible or audible indication of rotation and (2) a suitable safety sign per 4.2.3 near the op
27、ening. 4.1.5Access doors, guards, and shields which must be opened for normal servicing, shall be easily opened and closed. 4.2Labels, Safety Signs and Instructions 4.2.1CONTROL IDENTIFICATIONThe controls furnished with the machine and their direction of motion for stopping, starting, speed control,
28、 and operation, whose functions are not obvious shall be identified by a label per 4.2.3. Symbols as provided in SAE J1500 may be used for control identification. 4.2.2MACHINE IDENTIFICATIONThe machine shall be provided with identification per 4.2.3 giving model number, serial number, and the name a
29、nd address of either the U.S. or Canadian source of replacement parts and service. 4.2.3LABELSLabels and name plates provided on units shall meet the following minimum requirements: a.Labels shall form a durable bond with the base material surface and shall show no appreciable loss of adhesion durin
30、g weathering exposure. Labels shall not curl at the edges. Labels shall not lose legibility or suffer appreciable loss of adhesion when exposed to occasional contact with gasoline or oil. b.The label shall meet the durability requirements of SAE J115 for permanent signs and safety signs shall meet a
31、ll requirements of SAE J115. c.Embossed, indented, cast or molded labels, shall be considered sufficient to meet the requirements of this section. d.Metal plates over 0.48 mm (0.019 in) thick with embossed or etched lettering and fastened with rivets or equivalent fastening means shall be considered
32、 sufficient to meet the requirements of this section. 4.2.4SAFETY SIGNSSafety signs per 4.2.3 shall be displayed on the machine advising of other recognized hazards not itemized elsewhere in this document. A safety sign shall be included advising not to mow in transport position. SAE J1001 Revised M
33、AR87 -5- 4.2.5OPERATION, SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS 4.2.5.1General RequirementsWritten instructions shall be provided with the equipment explaining proper operation of the machine plus proper operational and service procedures and necessary maintenance procedures to avoid potential hazards
34、. (See also SAE J920) The manual shall also advise that: “In addition to the design and configuration of equipment, hazard control and accident prevention are dependent upon the awareness, concern and prudence and requires suitable training of personnel involved in the operation, transport, maintena
35、nce and storage of equipment.” 4.2.5.1.1 Written hazard avoidance instructions shall include identification of the need for personal protective equipment such as, but not limited to, protection for the eyes, ears, feet, hands and head. 4.2.5.1.2 The operators manual shall contain instructions so tha
36、t a person unfamiliar with the mower will have required information to prepare the mower for operation and to adjust, start, operate, transport, stop, park and unhitch the mower. 4.2.5.2Stored Energy DevicesAny stored energy device such as, but not limited to, spring loaded mechanisms, and pressuriz
37、ed fluid systems, such as hydraulic accumulators, which can be disconnected, disassembled or freed in such a way to release energy or material in a hazardous manner, shall have an appropriate safety sign on or near the device. The safety sign shall include instructions for de-energizing and proper d
38、isassembly or include a reference to instructions provided in the operators manual. 4.2.5.3Hydraulic Hazards(If applicable) The operators service and maintenance manuals shall contain: a.Information that hydraulic fluid escaping under pressure can have sufficient force to penetrate skin and cause se
39、rious injury, and that if fluid is injected into the skin, it may result in gangrene if the fluid is not surgically removed within a few hours by a doctor familiar with this form of injury. b.Information cautioning to keep body and hands away from pin holes or nozzles which eject hydraulic fluid und
40、er high pressure and to use paper or cardboard and NOT HANDS to search for leaks. c.Information cautioning the operator to make sure all hydraulic fluid connections are tight and all hydraulic hoses and lines are in good condition before applying pressure to the system. d.Information explaining how
41、to minimize the hazard during the relieving of all pressure or force in each system before disconnecting the lines or performing work on the system. 4.3Pressurized Components 4.3.1Hydraulic hoses furnished with the mower shall meet the requirements of the applicable section of SAE J517 based on the
42、working pressure of each system. 4.3.2Pressurized hoses, lines and components furnished with the mower shall be located or shielded so that in the event of rupture, a stream of fluid is not discharged directly onto the operator from within the operator zone when the person is in that zone. (See SAE
43、J898) 5.Machine Requirements 5.1TongueAny trailed unit should avoid a hitch connection characteristic which could move uncontrollably upward when disconnected. If not available, then it must have a conspicuous safety sign per 4.2.3 in the vicinity of the hitch point identifying the hazard. Also see
44、SAE J208. SAE J1001 Revised MAR87 -6- 5.2Attachment MeansThree-point hitch mounted and semi-mounted mowers shall be attached to the propelling machine by means of one or a combination of the following SAE standardized attachments: SAE J715 and SAE J909. 5.3Machine ControlsMeans to shut off machine s
45、hall be provided within convenient reach of operator in normal operator position. Multi-section machines shall have the means to disconnect power to any section which can be carried in a raised or transport position while operation continues with another section. 6.Functional Component Requirements
46、6.1Discharge Opening Safety SignA safety sign per 4.2.3, easily legible from a standing position, shall be placed on the machine at or near each discharge opening. It shall use the signal word, DANGER, and advise of the blade contact and thrown object hazards and advise that the machine shall not be
47、 operated unless deflectors, attachments or guards are in place. 6.2Guarding & ShieldingFunctional components which must be exposed for proper function, shall be shielded to prevent direct discharge of material into the normal operator position, except arm-type mowers. Any movable or removable guard
48、(s) shall conform to the following. 6.2.1A safety sign per 4.2.3 shall be affixed to the machine in a prominent location stating that the machine shall not be operated without guard(s) in place. 6.2.2The operators manual shall state that the machine shall not be operated without guard(s) in place. 6
49、.2.3If a guard is constructed of woven fabric, or other such material which may be subject to rapid wear or deterioration, the machine shall bear a label per 4.2.3 stating that it may require frequent inspection and possible replacement with parts of equal or better quality. 6.3Cutting ElementsThe components which are used to attach the cutting elements shall not become worn or fail in a hazardous manner before the elements themselves are worn beyond practical use. 6.4Requirements for Flail Mowers and Flail Power Rakes 6.4.1REQUIREMENTS F