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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.org Copyright 1995 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Submitted for recognition as an American
4、National Standard J1095 REV. MAR95 Issued1982-06 Revised1995-03 Superseding J1095 JAN91 SPOKE WHEELS AND HUB FATIGUE TEST PROCEDURES ForewordThis Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board format. 1.ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform laboratory pr
5、ocedures for fatigue testing of spoke wheels and hubs intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. The hubs included have bolt circle diameters from 165.1 to 335.0 mm (6.50 to 13.19 in). The tests described in this document are not to be cons
6、trued as the only tests required or permitted to ensure that a spoke wheel or a hub will perform satisfactorily for its intended use. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated the last
7、est revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J393NomenclatureWheels, Hubs, and Rims for Commercial Vehicles SAE J694Disc Wheel/Hub or Drum Interface DimensionsCommercial Vehicles SAE J851DimensionsWheels
8、 for Demountable Rims, Demountable Rims, and Rim Spacers Commercial Vehicles SAE J1835Fastener Hardware for Spoke Wheels 3.Test Procedures 3.1Spoke Wheels and Hubs for TestUse only fully processed spoke wheels or hubs which are representative of production parts intended for vehicle installation. Ne
9、w spoke wheels or hubs and related parts shall be used for each test. If the spoke wheel or hub application is always used with a brake drum or rotor, the spoke wheel or hub may be tested with a brake drum or rotor attached. If the spoke wheel or hub application is ever to be used without a brake dr
10、um or rotor, the spoke wheel or hub must be tested without a brake drum or rotor attached. 3.2Hub Dynamic Fatigue TestThe dynamic fatigue test may be conducted by one of the following methods: 3.2.1CORNERING FATIGUE, 90 DEGREE LOADING METHOD SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -2- 3.2.1.1EquipmentThe test machi
11、ne shall be one with a means to impart a constant rotating bending moment and radial load to the hub (see Figure 1). Test fixture adaptor dimensions are described in Table 1. FIGURE 190 DEGREE CORNERING FATIGUE TEST (TYPICAL SET-UP) SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -3- 3.2.1.2ProcedureMount the hub assembly
12、to a test fixture adaptor using wheel nuts representative of those required by the application, and torqued to the limits specified in Table 2 for the appropriate application. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be
13、those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the hub structure. The mating surfaces of the test adaptor and hub shall be free of paint, dirt, or foreign matter. The final clamped position of the hub without load must not exceed an eccentricity
14、of 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The system shall maintain the specified load within 3%. The application of the test load shall be parallel to the plane of the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly at a specified distance (moment ar
15、m) as shown in Figure 1. 3.2.1.3Test Load and Bending Moment DeterminationThe test load is determined by Equation 1: (Eq. 1) M is determined by the formula: (Eq. 2) where: M = Bending moment, Nm (lbf-in) = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road (0.7) slr = Static loaded radius of th
16、e largest tire to be used with the hub as specified by the vehicle manufacturer, millimeters x 103 (in). Refer to Table 3 for static loaded radius. d = Inset or outset (positive for inset, negative for outset) of the wheel, millimeters x 103 (in), as measured from the centerline of the rim to the wh
17、eel mounting surface of the hub assembly. If the wheel may be used as inset or outset, use inset (see SAE J393). For hubs used only with dual wheels, d is zero. For hubs used with both dual and single wheels with d values other than zero, use the largest absolute value. S = Accelerated test load fac
18、tor L = Load rating of the hub as specified by the hub manufacturer, N (lbf) TABLE 1TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR DIMENSIONS Hub Bolt Circle Diameter mm Hub Bolt Circle Diameter in X Plate Thickness mm X Plate Thickness in Y Plate Outside Bolt Circle Diameter mm Y Plate Outside Bolt Circle Diameter in 165.1
19、6.50022.220.875317.5012.50 170.022.220.875317.5012.50 205.0 8.00020.000.787317.5012.50 222.25 8.75019.050.750317.5012.50 275.0022.220.875444.5017.50 285.7511.25022.220.875444.5017.50 335.0013.18817.160.675444.5017.50 NOTEThese steel plate thickness selections give 131 to 145 MPa (19 000 to 21 000 ps
20、i) radial bending stress at the inner bolt circle of the adaptor plate when loaded with the typical test loading for each specified bolt circle. Test Load M Moment Arm - See Figure 1()= Mslr()d+S( )L= SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -4- TABLE 2MOUNTING NUT TORQUES FOR LABORATORY WHEEL/RIM TESTS Application(
21、1) 1.For applications and sizes not shown, use torque recommendations prescribed by the wheel/rim or vehicle manufacturer. Thread Size Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% Nm 2.Nut torque values shall be checked and reset periodically during the course of a test in order to compensate for “wearing in“ of mating
22、 surfaces. Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% Nm Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% Nm Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% lbf-ft Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% Nm Torque (dry)(2) +10% -0% Nm Disc WheelsM12 1.5 110 80 Passenger type light truck mounting7/1620 110 80 1/2 20 11080 9/1618 150110 5/8 18 170125 In-out coined mounting cone s
23、eat nut9/1618 240175 5/8 18 240175 In-out coined mounting flange nut5/8 18 370275 1-pc. nut2-pc. nut1-pc. nut2-pc. nut Hub piloted mounting9/1618160 170120 125 5/8 18 180 130 11/1616410 340300 250 3/4 16610 410450 300 7/8 14 470 350 M14 1.5 170 125 M18 1.5 260 190 M20 1.5 380 280 M22 1.5 610 450 Hub
24、 piloted mounting with clamp plate9/1618 150110 M14 1.5 150110 5/8 18 180130 Ball seat mounting3/4 16 610450 1 1/8 16 610450 Heavy-duty ball seat mounting15/16121020750 1 5/16121020750 Demountable Rims Studs and nuts5/8 11200150 3/4 10260290 SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -5- TABLE 3AVERAGE STATIC LOADED R
25、ADII FOR CORNERING TEST CALCULATIONS Light Truck Tires Size Light Truck Tires slr mm Light Truck Tires slr in Heavy Truck Tires Size Heavy Truck Tires slr mm Heavy Truck Tires slr in 6.5016 LT35614.07.5015 TR38115.0 6.7015 LT34813.77.501740415.9 7.0015 LT35614.07.501841916.5 7.5016 LT38115.07.502045
26、217.8 8.2515 TR40115.8 8.251742716.8 Tubeless5 degree8.252047218.6 9.0015 TR41916.5 LT175/75-1429211.59.002048819.2 10.0015 TR43417.1 LT185/75-1428211.110.002050820.0 LT195/75-1430011.810.002253120.9 11.0015 TR45017.7 LT195/75-1531212.311.002051620.3 11.002254121.3 LT215/75-1431212.311.002457222.5 L
27、T205/75-1530512.012.002053120.9 12.002458222.9 13.002054121.3 LT215/75-1532512.814.002058423.0 LT235/75-1533813.314.002463525.0 LT225/75-1634513.616.002061224.1 LT245/75-1635814.1 LT265/75-1637114.6Tubeless-15 degree LT285/75-1638415.1 LT215/85-1636114.28R17.5 HC37114.6 LT235/85-1637314.7819.540916.
28、1 LT255/85-1638915.3822.544717.6 915 LT35113.89R17.5 HC39115.4 101536114.2922.546518.3 1115 LT38415.110R17.5 HC40115.8 1215 LT39415.51022.548819.2 11R17.5 HC41916.5 Tubeless-15 degree1122.550319.8 1124.552820.8 717.5 LT36114.21222.551620.2 8.0016.5 LT34013.41224.553621.1 817.5 LT37314.712.522.551820
29、.4 8.7516.5 LT35614.012.7522.552120.5 9.5016.5 LT36614.4245/7522.543717.2 1016.5 LT36114.2265/7522.545718.0 1017.5 LT36814.5295/7522.548018.9 1216.5 LT38615.2285/7524.549519.5 For tire sizes not shown, use the slr listed in the individual tire manufacturers Tire Data Book. SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -6
30、- 3.2.1.4Accelerated Test Load Factor(See Table 4.) 3.2.2CORNERING FATIGUE, ANGULAR LOADING METHOD 3.2.2.1EquipmentThe test machine shall be one with a means to impart constant rotating bending moment and axial and radial load to the hub (see Figure 2). Test fixture adaptor dimensions are shown in T
31、able 1. 3.2.2.2ProcedureMount the hub assembly to a test fixture adaptor using wheel nuts representative of those required by the application, and torqued to the limits specified in Table 2 for the appropriate application. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; howev
32、er, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the hub structure. The mating surfaces of the test adaptor and hub shall be free of paint, dirt, or foreign matter. The final clamped position of the hu
33、b without load must not exceed an eccentricity of 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The system shall maintain the specified load within 3%. The application of the test load shall be at an angle from a plane through the load centerline of the
34、 rim as shown in Figure 2. 3.2.2.3Test Load and Reference Arm DeterminationThe test load and reference arm are determined as follows: (Eq. 3) where: D = Diagonal test load resultant; N (lbf) L = Load rating of the hub as specified by the hub manufacturer; N (lbf) S = Accelerated test load factor = T
35、est load angle TABLE 4TYPICAL “S“ FACTORS FOR HUBS SAE J1095 Paragraph Load AngleReference Arm“S“ Factor 3.2.190 degrees with respect to the load shaft axis See Figure 11.0 1.2 1.4 3.2.240 degrees with respect to the adaptor plate plane See Figure 21.6 10 degrees with respect to the adaptor plate pl
36、ane See Figure 22.0 2.5 3.2.3Camber Angle 0 degrees1.4 Steer Angle 0 degrees1.6 1.9 2.0 2.8 D L( )S( ) cos - -= SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -7- FIGURE 2ANGULAR CORNERING FATIGUE TEST (TYPICAL SET-UP) SAE J1095 Revised MAR95 -8- (Eq. 4) where: slr = Static loaded radius of the largest tire to be used wit
37、h the hub as specified by the vehicle manufacturers, millimeters (in). Refer to Table 3 for static loaded radius. d = Inset or outset (positive for inset, negative for outset) of the wheel, millimeters (in), as measured from the centerline of the rim to the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly
38、. If the wheel may be used as inset or outset, use inset (see SAE J393). For hubs used only with dual wheels, d is zero. For hubs used with both dual and single wheels with d values other than zero, use the largest absolute value. 3.2.2.4Accelerated Test Load Factor(See Table 4.). 3.2.3DYNAMIC RADIA
39、L FATIGUE TEST 3.2.3.1EquipmentThe test machine shall be one with a driven, rotatable drum which presents a smooth surface wider than the loaded test tire section width. The suggested diameter of the drum is 1707.6 mm (67.23 in) which results in 186 revolutions per kilometer (300 revolutions per mil
40、e). The test wheel and tire fixture must provide loading normal to the surface of the drum, and in line radially with the center of the test wheel and the drum. 3.2.3.2ProcedureTires selected for this test shall be representative of a size and construction approved by the Tire and Rim Association an
41、d the wheel/rim manufacturer for the wheel/rim under test. The spoke wheel or hub assembly shall be mounted to the test fixture spindle substantially as in service. Camber and/or steer angles may be incorporated in the test; however, these angles must be noted in the test results. Bearings may be ad
42、justed to maximize bearing life. The wheel nuts shall be torqued to the limits specified in Table 2 for the size and type of nut used. The test load and the inflation pressure are based on the wheel/rim ratings. Test inflation pressure should be selected in accordance with Table 5. The selected test
43、 inflation pressure and load shall both be maintained within 3%. 3.2.3.3Radial Load DeterminationThe radial load is determined as follows: (Eq. 5) where: R = Radial load, N (lbf) L = Load rating of the hub as specified by the hub manufacturer, N (lbf) S = Accelerated test factor 3.2.3.4Accelerated T
44、est Load Factor(See Table 4.) TABLE 5TEST INFLATION PRESSURES Maximum Inflation Pressure Rating kPa Maximum Inflation Pressure Rating psi Minimum Test Pressure 0 through 3100 through 45450 kPa (65 psi) Over 310Over 451.2 x Maximum Inflation Pressure Rating Reference Armslr() d+tan= RL S= SAE J1095 R
45、evised MAR95 -9- 3.3Spoke Wheels, Cornering Fatigue Test 3.3.1EQUIPMENTThe test machine shall be such that either the spoke wheel rotates under the influence of a stationary bending moment, or the stationary spoke wheel is subjected to a rotating bending moment (see Figure 3). 3.3.2PROCEDUREThe spok
46、e wheel shall be clamped securely to the test device using studs and nuts representative of those specified for the wheel assembly. The rim clamp nuts shall be tightened to the torque limits specified in Table 2 for the thread size listed for spoke wheels. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so
47、as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the wheel structure. The mating surface of the test adaptor and spoke wheel shall be free of excessive buildup of pain
48、t, dirt, or foreign material. A rigid load arm shaft shall be attached to the hub of the spoke wheel. The final clamped position of the wheel without load shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The load system must maintain the s
49、pecified test load within 3%. 3.3.3TEST LOAD AND BENDING MOMENT DETERMINATIONThe test load is determined by: (Eq. 6) M is determined by the formula: (Eq. 7) where: M = Bending moment, Nm (lbf in) = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road (0.7) slr = Static loaded radius of the largest tire to be used on the spoke wheel as specified by the ve