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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.org Copyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE An American National Standard J1468 REV.
4、MAY1999 Issued1985-11 Revised1999-05 Superseding J1468 MAY93 Application Testing of Oil-to-Air Oil Coolers for Heat Transfer Performance 1.ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to oil-to-air oil coolers installed on mobile or stationary equipment. Such oil coolers may be used for the purp
5、ose of cooling automatic transmission fluid, hydraulic system oil, retarder system fluid, etc. This document outlines the methods of procuring the test data to determine the operating characteristics of the oil cooling system and the interpretation of the results. For information regarding applicati
6、on testing of oil-to-water oil coolers for heat transfer performance, see SAE J2414. 1.1PurposeThe purpose of this document is to provide a procedure for determining the cooling performance characteristics of an oil-to-air oil cooler under specified operating conditions. 2.References 2.1Applicable P
7、ublicationThe following publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply. SAE J2414Application Testing of Oil-to-Water Oil Coolers for Heat Transfer Performance 2.2Related PublicationsThe fol
8、lowing publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J631Radiator Nomenclature SAE J1004Glossary of Engine Cooling System Terms SAE J1244Oil Cooler
9、Nomenclature and Glossary SAE J1994Laboratory Testing of Vehicular and Industrial Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer Performance 3.Objective (of the test)Typically one of the following: to verify compliance with established criteria, set new criteria, or guide a desired change of either the cooler or
10、 the system of which it is a part. Usually the criteria cover the mass flows of cooling air and oil, the temperature difference between them, the maximum allowable temperatures, and the system oil and air restrictions imposed by the heat exchanger. SAE J1468 Revised MAY1999 -2- 4.Facility Requiremen
11、tsThe facility should provide the following features: 4.1The facility must be capable of duplicating the most severe-duty cycles and operating conditions specified. It is seldom practical to duplicate the most severe operating conditions unless the use of a dynamometer and wind tunnel are available.
12、 4.2If cooling air is not controlled, the effects of wind direction and velocity must be considered when establishing vehicle orientation and interpretation of test results. 4.3The accurate measurement of oil flow and oil pressures plus oil and air temperatures is essential to obtaining a good test
13、result. Measurement devices should be calibrated before and after testing to assure accurate data measurement and repeatability. 4.4Use of automatic data logging equipment is preferred as it minimizes human error in dealing with the number of points necessary to accumulate for a reliable data base a
14、nd the establishment of a steady-state operating condition. 4.5See Figure 1 for schematic of typical oil cooler system. FIGURE 1SCHEMATIC OF TYPICAL OIL COOLER SYSTEM AND TEST DATA REQUIRED 5.Test Preparation 5.1For component testing, any air or oil system bypass should be blocked closed to insure f
15、ull measured flow of the fluids through the heat exchanger. For system testing, the bypass should be left in the normal operating condition. 5.2For component testing, the fan drive, if the unit is so equipped, should be fully engaged using the manufacturers recommended procedure. For system testing,
16、 the drive should be left in the normal operating condition. SAE J1468 Revised MAY1999 -3- 5.3All shutters or other air directional control devices should be fixed for the test in the full open position. 5.4All other heat-producing equipment that may adversely affect the air temperature to the oil c
17、ooler and fan should be operated during the test in a specified manner. 5.5Instrumentation and data to be recorded includes the following: 5.5.1Oil temperatures at designer-specified critical locations, for example, inlet to the cooler, reservoir, etc. 5.5.2Oil temperature at oil cooler inlet (if no
18、t already specified in 5.5.1). 5.5.3Oil temperature at oil cooler outlet (if not already specified in 5.5.1). 5.5.4Average air temperature at oil cooler air inlet (multipoint grid normally required). 5.5.5Average air temperature at oil cooler air outlet (multipoint grid normally required). 5.5.6Oil
19、flow (net through the cooler). NOTEPressure drop across flow meter should be kept to a minimum. If extensive plumbing is required to incorporate flow meter, lines to and from meter should be insulated. 5.5.7Barometric pressure at test site. 5.5.8Test fluid shall be as specified. 5.5.9Operating press
20、ure at oil cooler inlet. 5.5.10 Operating pressure at oil cooler outlet. NOTEPressure measurement devices should be installed to eliminate any possible source of error due to turbulence at the point of measurement. Direct massflow measurements are preferred. For structural information, these devices
21、 should be capable of measuring millisecond pressure spikes. 5.5.11 Engine or motor operating speeds. 5.5.12 Ambient air temperature. 5.5.13 Actual fan speed and/or vehicle velocity. 5.6Verify that the oil cooler is mounted in its designated location with proper inlet and outlet connections. 6.Proce
22、dure 6.1Operate test unit in its specified and verified work cycle until practical stabilized thermal conditions have been achieved. 6.2Collect data for a total of 10 complete work cycles, or for a time span of no less than 10 min. SAE J1468 Revised MAY1999 -4- 7.Test Data Evaluation 7.1Calculate oi
23、l cooler heat rejection from the test data. 7.1.1Oil flow rate. 7.1.2Oil cooler inlet temperature. 7.1.3Oil cooler outlet temperature. 7.1.4Obtain manufacturers specific heat and density of oil to establish oil thermal characteristics at average oil temperature. 7.1.4.1Oil cooler heat rejection (kW)
24、 = specific heat of oil (kJ/kg C) x oil density (kg/L) x oil flow (L/s) x oil cooler inlet to outlet temperature differential (C). 7.1.4.2Oil cooler heat rejection (BTU/min) = oil specific heat (BTU/lb/F) x oil density (lb/gal) x oil flow (gal/min) x oil cooler inlet to outlet temperature differenti
25、al (F). 7.2Determine oil stabilization temperature above ambient at the critical location. 7.2.1Oil stabilization temperature above ambient = oil temperature measured at critical location minus ambient air temperature. 7.3Compare oil stabilization temperature above ambient with the specification. 7.
26、4Analyze the test data. Unsatisfactory results could be due to one or more of the following. 7.4.1Other than expected oil cooler heat load. (Is the oil system rejecting more or less heat than the cooler was designed for?) 7.4.2Oil cooler heat rejection performance is not to the manufacturers specifi
27、cations. 7.4.3Other than expected oil flow through the cooler. (Does the measured oil flow match the design value?) 7.4.4Other than expected airflow through the oil cooler. (Does the measured air temperature difference across the oil cooler core indicate other than expected air flow?) Estimate oil c
28、ooler airflow by performing the following calculation: 7.4.4.1Air flowSee Equation 1. (Eq. 1) 7.4.4.2Air flowSee Equation 2. (Eq. 2) (Is the oil cooler core too restrictive to airflow? Is air flowing around the cooler rather than through it?) 7.4.5Poor airflow distribution across the oil cooler core
29、. (Are upstream or downstream obstructions causing poor airflow through portions of the oil cooler core?) Detect by performing anemometer survey or similar technique. kg s - oil cooler power (kW) (from 7.1.4.1) 1.005oil cooler air T C() - -= lb min - - oil cooler BTU/min (from 7.1.4.2) 0.240oil cool
30、er air T F() -= SAE J1468 Revised MAY1999 -5- 7.4.6Preheating of air into the oil cooler. (Is ambient air being inordinately heated before entering the oil cooler core? Is hot air discharge recirculating into the oil cooler air inlet?) 7.4.7Other than expected oil pressure differential between oil c
31、ooler inlet and outlet. (Is oil cooler pressure drop compatible with the system design? Is excessive pressure causing pumps to create more heat, oil flow to dump over relief valve, etc.?) 7.4.8Temperature gradient or difference between critical oil temperature and temperature of oil into the cooler.
32、 (Are improvements required in system design? Is more oil flow required in a part of the system? Is one part of the system overheating because the hottest oil is not being circulated directly to the oil cooler?) 7.4.9Ambient temperature too low or too high. If the test was run substantially below or
33、 above the specified ambient temperature, the oil stabilization temperature above ambient may be significantly different than if the test were run at the specified ambient temperature. 8.Notes 8.1Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in loca
34、ting areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report. PREPARED BY THE SAE COOLING SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEE SAE J1468 Revised MAY1999 RationaleNot applicable. Relationshi
35、p of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable. ApplicationThis SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to oil-to-air oil coolers installed on mobile or stationary equipment. This document outlines the method of procuring the test data to determine operating characteristics of the oil cooling system
36、 and the interpretation of the test results. Reference Section SAE J631Radiator Nomenclature SAE J1004Glossary of Engine Cooling System Terms SAE J1244Oil Cooler Nomenclature and Glossary SAE J1994Laboratory Testing of Vehicular and Industrial Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer Performance SAE J2414Application Testing of Oil-to-Water Oil Coolers for Heat Transfer Performance Developed by the SAE Cooling Systems Standards Committee