《SAE J1980-2001 Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《SAE J1980-2001 Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags.pdf（21页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/w
3、ww.sae.org Copyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 INFORMATION REPORT J1980 REV. DEC2001 Issued1990-11 Revised2001-12 Superseding J1980 NOV1990 (R) Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Po
4、sition Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Frontal Airbags ForewordIn the mid 1980s, vehicle manufacturers began to develop and install frontal airbags in their vehicles to meet the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard for Occupant Crash Protection, FMVSS 208. Since conside
5、rable amount of energy is generated by the deploying airbag, there was concern that if an occupant was in the path of the deploying airbag, he could be severely injured by the interaction. In order to design airbag systems to mitigate the injury potential of such interactions, the vehicle manufactur
6、ers and their airbag suppliers developed tests to measure the interactions. In 1988, a Task Force was created by the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee to summarize the various test procedures that were being used in an SAE Information Report. The first Task Group meeting was
7、April 29, 1988 and the document was completed on March 17, 1989. The SAE Information Report J1980Guidelines for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Airbags was issued on November 26, 1990. Since both European and Asian vehicle manufacturers were beginning to devel
8、op airbags for their vehicles, the International Standards Organization formed a working group (ISO/TC22/SC10/WG3) to review SAE J1980 and develop a set of Out-of-Position (OOP) test procedures which had international agreement. The first meeting of ISO/TC22/SC10/WG3 was September 27, 1989. The tech
9、nical report, ISO/TR10982Road VehiclesTest Procedures for Evaluating Out-of-Position Vehicle Occupant Interactions with Deploying Air Bags was issued on March 15, 1998. As the volume of airbag equipped cars on the road increased, so did the number of deployment accidents increase. Fatalities of occu
10、pants who were in the path of the deploying airbag also began to appear in deployment accident studies of the early 90s. On August 23, 1996, the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, (AAMA) filed a petition requesting that the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) take two
11、actions to address the Out-of-Position (OOP) fatality concerns. First, they requested immediate deletion of the 30 mph rigid barrier test requirement of FMVSS 208 so that airbag inflators could be depowered which would reduce the severity of airbag forces on OOP occupants. Second, they requested tha
12、t OOP tests similar to those of ISO/TR 10982 be added to the requirements of FMVSS 208 to limit, by regulation, the airbag OOP forces. On March 19, 1997, NHTSA changed the 30 mph rigid barrier test requirement for unbelted occupants to a less severe, generic 30 mph sled test which would allow the ma
13、nufacturers to use depowered inflators. On May 20, 2000, NHTSA added OOP tests and limits to FMVSS 208 to regulate the airbag OOP deployment interactions. SAE J1980 has been revised and reissued because it is a more comprehensive set of possible OOP test conditions than either ISO/TR 10982 or FMVSS
14、208. It is also a historic document since it represents the initial coordinate effort by the domestic automobile industry to address the OOP occupant injury concerns. SAE J1980 Revised DEC2001 -2- TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.Scope3 2.References .3 2.1Applicable Publications.3 3.Test Dummies and Measurements
15、.5 4.Test Temperature .5 5.Generic Sled Pulse .5 5.1Mild Severity Crash Pulse.5 5.2Moderate Severity Crash Pulse5 6.Static Tests for Driver Airbag Systems.5 6.1Airbag Module Evaluations.5 6.1.1Test Set-Up.5 6.1.2Dummy Positions8 6.2Airbag Module and Steering System Evaluations.8 6.2.1Test Set-Up.8 6
16、.2.2Dummy Positions8 7.Dynamic Tests for Driver Airbag Systems9 7.1Test Set-Up.9 7.2Prepositioned Driver Tests .10 7.3Acceleration-Induced Out-of-Position Driver Tests.10 7.3.1Normally Seated Driver with Normal Steering Wheel Position (Unbelted)10 7.3.2Normally Seated Driver with Normal Steering Whe
17、el Position (Belted)10 7.3.3Chest Interaction Test (Unbelted).10 8.Static and Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems, Using Child Dummy10 8.1Test Set-Up.11 8.2Child Dummy Test Positions.11 8.2.1Child Position Number 1.11 8.2.2Child Position Number 2.12 8.2.3Child Position Number 3.12 8.2.4Child
18、Position Number 4.13 8.2.5Child Position Number 5.13 8.2.6Child Position Number 6.14 8.2.7Child Position Number 7.14 8.3Child Dummy Static Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems.14 8.4Child Dummy Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems15 8.4.1Unrestrained Child Dummy Out-of-Position Tests15 8.4.2Lap
19、Belted Child Dummy Out-of-Position Test - Delayed Deployment.15 9.Static and Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems, Using Adult Dummies .15 9.1Test Set-Up.15 9.2Adult Dummy Positions Near Instrument Panel15 9.2.1Adult Position Number 1.16 9.2.2Adult Position Number 2.16 9.2.3Adult Position Numb
20、er 3.16 9.2.4Adult Position Number 4.17 9.2.5Adult Position Number 5.17 SAE J1980 Revised DEC2001 -3- 9.2.6Adult Position Number 6.17 9.3Adult Dummy Static Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems.18 9.4Adult Dynamic Tests for Passenger Airbag Systems .18 9.4.1Unrestrained Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment .1
21、8 9.4.2Three-Point Restrained Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment.18 9.4.3Lap Belted Dummy TestsDelayed Deployment.18 10.Notes 19 1.ScopeAn airbag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy during its inflation process. As a result substantial forces can be developed between the deploying airbag an
22、d the out-of-position occupant. Accident data and laboratory test results have indicated a potential for head, neck, chest, abdominal, and leg injuries from these forces. This suggests that mitigating such forces should be considered in the design of airbag restraint systems. This document outlines
23、a comprehensive set of test guidelines that can be used for investigating the interactions that occur between the deploying airbag and the occupant who is near the module at the time of deployment. Static and dynamic tests to investigate driver and passenger systems are given. Static tests may be us
24、ed to sort designs on a comparative basis. Designs that make it through the static sorting procedure may be subjected to the appropriate dynamic tests. On a specific vehicle model, engineering judgment based upon prior experience in airbag testing may make it unnecessary to conduct the tests identif
25、ied by the document or may indicate that different tests should be conducted. Mild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are described in Section 5. These pulses are not vehicle- specific, but represent a general acceleration-time history that approximates what occurs with a large variety of v
26、ehicles. The mild severity crash pulse is near the threshold of many airbag deployments and represents a high-frequency accident event. Since small children are more likely than adults to be out of position due to preimpact braking, this pulse can be used for the child tests. Since preimpact braking
27、 has much less of an effect on adults, the moderate severity crash pulse can be used for adult testing. The described pulses or other vehicle specific pulses may be used. No performance limits are specified in this document. References 2.1.4 2 and 16 gives interpretations of dummy responses relative
28、 to human injury potential. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Dr
29、ive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J211Instrumentation for Impact Tests SAE J1733Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing SAE J2189Guidelines for Evaluating Child Restraint System Interactions with Deploying Airbags 2.1.2ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-
30、8002. ISO/TR10982Road vehiclesTest procedures for evaluating out-of-position vehicle occupant interactions with deploying air bags ISO/TR 12349-1Road vehiclesAdult dummies for restraint system testing ISO/TR 12349-2Road vehiclesChild dummies for restraint system testing ISO/TR 14645Road vehiclesTest
31、 procedures for evaluating child restraint system interactions with deploying airbags ISO/TR 6487Road vehiclesMeasurement techniques in impact testsInstrumentation SAE J1980 Revised DEC2001 -4- ISO/TR 14933Road vehiclesTest procedures for evaluating occupant interactions with deploying side air bags
32、 2.1.3CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS (CFR)Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. 49 CFR, Part 571.208Occupant Crash Protection (FMVSS 208) 49 CFR Part 572Anthropomorphic Test Dummies 2.1.4OTHER PUBLICATIONS 1.Special Crash Investigation Report
33、s, National Center for Statistics and Analysis, NHTSA. 2.“Proposal for Dummy Response Limits for FMVSS 208 Compliance Testing,” Attachment C, AAMA S98-13, Docket No. NHTSA 98 - 4405, Notice I, December 1998. 3.Mertz, H. J., Parasad, P., and Irwin, A. L., “Injury Risk Curves for Children and Adults i
34、n Frontal and Rear Collisions,” SAE 973318, Forty-First Stapp Conference, November 1997. 4.Mertz, H. J. and Prasad, P., “Improved Neck Injuury Risk Curves for Tension and Extension Moment Measurements of Crash Dummies,” SAE 2000-01-SC05, Forty-Fourth Stapp Conference, November 2000. 5.Patrick, L. M.
35、 and Nyquist, G. W., “Airbag Effects on Out-of-Position Child,” 2nd International Conference on Passive Restraints, SAE 720442, May 2225, 1972. 6.Aldman, B., Anderson, A., and Saxmark, O., “Possible Effects of Airbag Inflation on a Standing Child,” Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the American
36、Association for Automotive Medicine, September 1214, 1974. 7.Montalvo, F., Bryant, R. W, and Mertz, H. J., “Possible Positions and Postures of Unrestrained Front- Seat Children at Instant of Collision,” Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, November 14, 1982. Also
37、 available as SAE 826045. 8.Stalnaker, R. L., Klusmeyer, L. F., Peel, H. H., White, C. D., Smith, G. R., and Mertz, H. J., “Unrestrained Front Seat Child Surrogate Trajectories Produced by Hard Braking,” 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 821165, October 2021, 1982. 9.Mertz, H. J., Driscoll, G. D.
38、, Lenox, J. B., Nyquist, G. W., and Weber, D. A., “Responses of Animals Exposed to Development of Various Passenger Inflatable Restraint System Concepts for a Variety of Collision Severities and Animal Positions,” Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, November 14,
39、 1982. Also available as SAE 826047. 10. Wolanin, M. J., Mertz, H. J., Nyznyk, R. S., and Vincent, J. H., “Description and Basis of a Three Year Old Child Dummy for Evaluating Passenger Inflatable Restraint Concepts,” Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, November
40、 14, 1982. Also available as SAE 826040. 11. Mertz, H. J. and Weber, D. A., “Interpretations of the Impact Responses of a Three Year Old Child Dummy Relative to Child Injury Potential,” Ninth International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles, November 14, 1982. Also available as SAE
41、 826048. 12. Prasad, P. and Daniel, R. P., “A Biomechanical Analysis of Head, Neck and Torso Injuries to Child Surrogates Due to Sudden Torso Acceleration,” 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 841656, November 67, 1982. 13. Mertz, H. J., “Restraint Performance of the 197376 GM Air Cushion Restraint
42、 System,” SAE 880400, Automatic Occupant Protection Systems, SP-736, February 1988. 14. Horsch, J. D. and Culver, C. C., “A Study of Driver Interactions with an Inflating Air Cushion,” 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE 791029, October 1719, 1979. 15. Mertz, H. J., Irwin, A. L., Melvin, J. W., Sta
43、lnaker, R. L., and Beebe, M. S., “Size, Weight and Biomechanical impact Response Requirements for Adult Size Small Female and Large Male Dummies,” SAE 890756, March 1989. 16. Mertz, H. J., “Anthropomorphic Test Devices,” Accidental InjuryBiomechanics and Prevention, Springer-Verlag, New York, NY 199
44、3. SAE J1980 Revised DEC2001 -5- 3.Test Dummies and MeasurementsDummies of the Hybrid III family are recommended for OOP testing of frontal air bags. The family consists of 3 sizes of adult and 3 sizes of child dummies. The adult dummies are a large male dummy, a mid-size male dummy, and a small fem
45、ale dummy. The latter two dummies are specified in subparts E and O of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 572Anthromorphic Test Devices. The large male dummy will be incorporated into Part 572 shortly. The child dummies consist of 3-, 6- and 10-year-old dummies. The 3- and 6-year-old dummies are
46、specified in subparts P and N, respectively. The 10-year-old is a new dummy that is currently being developed by the SAE for OOP testing to fill the size void between the 6- year-old and small adult female dummies. The following measurements should be made when doing OOP testing with either the adul
47、t or child dummies. Head triaxial acceleration (3 channels) Upper neck forces and moments (6 channels) Lower neck forces and moments (6 channels) Thoracic spine triaxial acceleration (3 channels) Sternal accelerations (Ax) (2 channels) Sternal compression (1 channel) For inflatable knee restrains, t
48、he full spectrual of the tibia and femur load and displacement transducer channels should be recorded when the adult dummies are used. All measurements should be recorded and filtered according to the latest version of SAE J211. These measurements should be continuous functions of time so that vario
49、us injury criteria such as found in Reference 2.1.4.2 may be derived. 4.Test TemperatureNormally, testing should be conducted within a temperature range of 20.6 to 22.2 C (69 to 72 F). If it is desired to investigate performance outside this temperature range, the temperature of the dummy should still be maintained within the above range. 5.Generic Sled PulseMild severity and moderate severity crash pulses are defined as follows. The out-of- position child may be exposed to a pulse similar to the mild severity crash pulse since collision