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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORD724ER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.org Copyright 1986 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Submitted for recognition as an Americ
4、an National Standard J214 REAF. MAR86 Issued1972-01 Reaffirmed1986-03 Superseding J214 OCT80 HYDRAULIC CYLINDER TEST PROCEDURE ForewordThis Reaffirmed Document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards Board format. 1.ScopeThis test procedure describes tests for determining ch
5、aracteristics of hydraulic cylinders as used on construction and industrial mobile machinery as referenced in SAE J1116. In this code, metric equivalents are established according to SAE J916. These characteristics are to be recorded on data sheets similar to the ones shown herein. Two sets of data
6、sheets are to be submitted for each cylinder, one set at 120 F (49 C) and one at 180 F (82 C). 1.1PurposeThis test procedure establishes conditions for cylinder tests, outlines a procedure for tests, and describes a method of presenting cylinder test data. 1.1.1The procedure specifies methods for de
7、termining leakage rate, packing drag, proof pressure capacity, and endurance capacity. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.
8、1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J916Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) Units SAE J1116Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines 3.Material And Apparatus 3.1Test FluidTest fluid shall preferably be a mineral base oil designed for h
9、ydraulic service. Fluid viscosity shall be within the limits of 95115 SUS (438.9531.3 cs) at 120 F (49 C) and 5054 SUS (231249.5 cs) at 180 F (82 C). The test circuit shall be provided with 25 m absolute filtration. 3.2Pressure MeasurementsPressure measurements shall be accurate within 2.0%. 3.3Flow
10、 MeasurementFlow measurement shall be accurate within 2.0%. SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -2- 3.4Temperature Measurement and ControlFluid temperature shall be measured at the entrance to the cylinder by means of a thermometer or thermocouple. If a means of measuring temperature of fluid under pressure i
11、s not available, or if temperature change from reservoir to cylinder inlet is kept to a minimum, reservoir temperature is acceptable. Fluid temperature shall be maintained at the prescribed level through the test within 5 F (2.8 C). 3.5The test setup shall not impose side loads upon either the cylin
12、der under test or the slave cylinder. 4.General Definitions And Test Conditions 4.1Internal leakageshall be measured in inches (millimetres) per minute of shaft movement at a specified pressure. 4.2Fluid temperatureshall be 120 F and 180 F (49 C and 82 C) for standard tests and the test cylinder sha
13、ll be stroked prior to test runs to eliminate air from the circuit and to allow the cylinder components to heat up to the test temperature. 4.3Designated pressureof a cylinder shall be considered as the maximum pressure at which the manufacturer recommends continuous duty. 4.4Proof pressureis to be
14、defined as the maximum pressure which can be applied that will not cause any permanent set or deformation. Normally, this is never less than 200% designated pressure. 4.5Packing dragshall be defined as the amount of pressure necessary to move the piston with all external (either mechanical or hydrau
15、lic) forces removed or in balance. 4.6Rod endis the cylinder end closure which covers the differential area between the bore and the piston rod. 4.7Cap endis the cylinder end closure which completely covers the bore area. 4.8Rod leakageis defined as the oil that leaks by the rod packing. This leakag
16、e is associated with rod movement and is measured in cubic inches (or litres) per number of cycles. 5.Test 1 - Internal Leakage 5.1Figure 1 shows a recommended circuit for determining internal leakage. 5.2Position the piston of the cylinder under test at the approximate midpoint of the cylinder. 5.3
17、Fill both sides of the cylinder under test with hydraulic fluid and close the zero leakage valve to the cap end of this cylinder. Vent the rod end to atmosphere. 5.4Pressurize cap end of slave cylinder to attain 5% of the designated pressure at the cap end of the cylinder under test. 5.5Maintain thi
18、s pressure on the cap end for a period of 15 min. 5.6Measure the total movement of the rod at 3 min intervals and record. 5.7Repeat the above test by applying pressure to the rod end of the slave cylinder to attain 5% of the designated pressure at the rod end of the test cylinder and closing the zer
19、o leakage valve to the rod end rather than the cap end under test. Vent the cap end to atmosphere. 5.8Repeat steps 5.25.7 at 50 and 100% of designated pressure. SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -3- 6.Test 2 - Packing Drag 6.1Disconnect the slave cylinder from the cylinder under test and position the piston
20、 at the midpoint of the cylinder under test. 6.2Fill both sides of the cylinder with hydraulic fluid and vent the cap end to atmosphere. 6.3Apply increasing pressure to the rod end of the cylinder under test. 6.4Record on data sheet the minimum pressure at which the piston moves and also the pressur
21、e required to keep it moving. 6.5Repeat the above test for the reverse direction by applying pressure to the cap end and venting the rod end. 7.Test 3 - Proof Pressure 7.1Position the piston of the cylinder under test at the approximate midpoint of the cylinder and secure the rod to the test fixture
22、. 7.2Connect the hydraulic supply to one end of the cylinder. Vent the opposite end to atmosphere. 7.3Apply the proof pressure for a period of 30 s. 7.4Examine for structural failure evidenced by external loss of fluid through any portion of the cylinder except a vented port. 7.5Relieve the hydrauli
23、c pressure and disconnect the hydraulic supply. 7.6Connect the hydraulic supply to the opposite end of the cylinder. 7.7Repeat steps 7.27.5. 8.Test 4 - Endurance 8.1When endurance testing is applicable, the user and the supplier should develop an agreement on the number of severity of cycles based o
24、n specific cylinder applications. 8.2Figure 2 shows a recommended circuit for endurance testing. 8.3A cycle for a specific test may be defined by supplying values for the following parameters: a.Pressure requirement both directions. b.Length of stroke. 8.4Test specification to include the total numb
25、er of cycles of each description. 8.5An internal leakage test may be required at the conclusion of the endurance test to determine compliance of cylinder packing. 8.6An external leakage test may be required during the various cycle requirements. Record accumulated leakage at practical intervals and
26、plot against corresponding cycles. SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -4- FIGURE 1TYPICAL TEST SETUP FOR LEAKAGE AND PACKING DRAG DETERMINATIONS FIGURE 2TYPICAL TEST SETUP FOR ENDURANCE TESTING PREPARED BY SAE SUBCOMMITTEE 4HYDRAULIC FLUID POWER SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -5- APPENDIX A
27、 PERFORMANCE ON HYDRAULIC CYLINDER (SAMPLE) SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -6- APPENDIX B INTERNAL LEAKAGE (SAMPLE) B.1Total linear movement of rod, pressure applied at cap end, area of cap end 15.902 in2 (102.59 cm2). FIGURE B1 TABLE B1 % of Rated Pressure Time Period, min 03691215 inmminmminmminmminmmi
28、nmm 5000.0030.08 0.0060.150.0080.200.0100.250.0110.28 50 000.0060.150.0120.300.0140.360.0150.380.0150.38 100000.0100.250.0150.380.0180.460.0190.480.0200.51 SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -7- APPENDIX C PACKING DRAG (SAMPLE) Cap end: Starting pressure, 49 psi (33.8 x 104 N/m2) Average moving pressure, 40
29、psi (27.6 x 104 N/m2) Rod end: Starting pressure, 50 psi (34.5 x 104 N/m2) Average moving pressure, 45 psi (31 x 104 N/m2) SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -8- APPENDIX D PROOF PRESSURE (SAMPLE) Rod end: Proof pressure: 4000 psi (276 x 105 N/m2), 30 s Evidence of failure: None Cap end: Proof pressure: 4000
30、 psi (276 x 105 N/m2), 30 s Evidence of failure: None SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -9- APPENDIX E ENDURANCE (SAMPLE) Pressure rise rate: 10,000 psi s (690 x 106 N/m2/s) Working pressure: Rod end - 2000 psi (138 x 105 N/m2) Cap end - 25 psi (17 x 104 N/m2) Stroke: Full stroke - 20 in (508 mm) One-half f
31、ull stroke - 10 in (254 mm) Cycles: At full stroke - 50,000 cycles At 1/2 stroke - 200,000 cycles SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 -10- APPENDIX F ROD LEAKAGE CHART FIGURE F1 SAE J214 Reaffirmed MAR86 RationaleNot applicable. Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable. ApplicationThis test
32、procedure describes tests for determining characteristics of hydraulic cylinders as used on construction and industrial mobile machinery as referenced in SAE J1116. In this code, metric equivalents are established according to SAE J916. These characteristics are to be recorded on data sheets similar
33、 to the ones shown herein. Two sets of data sheets are to be submitted for each cylinder, one set at 120 F (49 C) and one at 180 F (82 C). Reference Section SAE J916Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) Units SAE J1116Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines Developed by the Subcommittee 4, Hydraulic Fluid Power Systems and Components Sponsored by the SAE Off-Road Machinery Technical Committee