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1、 1 ? ? ? ?1 ? 4-1 ? ?1 ? 4-1 ? (1) ? !“#$%? ?A BC?(.+DEFGH?IJ?A BC?(.+DEFGH?IJ? = 4-1 ?K=?K= (2)L?M?NOPQ?R?S+ ETU?R?N?VW?X :;L? L?M?NOPQ?R?S+ ETU?R?N?VW?X :;L?YZ/_ab3FGL?YZ/_ab3FGL? = 4-2 L?K=L?K= (3)cd?7#cd?N?VW?+cd?7#cd?N?VW?+?B/?G? ? = 4-3 cd? ?+ cd? ?+?+?+;?X?+?+;?X? 2 ? 4-2 ? 4-2 ? !“?#$%+?78?#
2、 9:? ?;78?# 9:? ? ?2 ? 4-3 ?; ?2 ? 4-3 ?; M?ABC?DE+FG?HG56?I+JKLMQFGNSO1MQHGN S+PQ?R +H3?STU?V?WX+YQ0Z1QNSO?R+?STU !?563 M?ABC?DE+FG?HG56?I+JKLMQFGNSO1MQHGN S+PQ?R +H3?STU?V?WX+YQ0Z1QNSO?R+?STU !?563 37_+DEMQGNS+!?NbaGN?V+U? ? +!?+?N?S+?:?+ ?3 ?+!“?+?#3? ?$%? ?3?U$? ?!“(?+#$%?N?V+ ;? ?; x t AQ d d x
3、 t AQ d d =?(?) ?/+?/+Q?+?+W?A?+?+ 2 m? ?/?+?/?+ 11 KmW ? x t d d ?-.?.+ 3!*N+“?3#-.?.?9? ? = 4-5 ?K= ?;?+?/?3?K?= ?K= ?;?+?/?3?K?= 4-5 /“?+? ? /“?+? ? x t d d ?Q3?+?3?+? x t d d 3?+9S?+8?3?+9S?+8?)(II !? “#? !? “#?II?$%?$% x t A Q d d =?+ -G?J? ?ABC+ ?8?9:? 7?.+ 3;?+ -G?J? ?ABC+ ? ? ?-GD*cEFB%)? ?/
4、G?H1?+?+?xUU 1 0x?+?+?tUU 21 tt ,+H?+H? = 2 1 1 dd 1 0 t t x tAxQ?A A b tt Q 1 1 21 =? ? A b tt Q 2 2 32 =? ?/? ? ?/?Q ?/?+?/?+ 21 tt ?/? !+?/? !+ A b 1 1 ?/?“!?/?“!? ? ? ? = #G$%/?-.?)?+,?*K?A+?+B +C K?G?+T?9S? ?9?+?9?N?V+H3?“!?N?V? ?W? ?#H? -.?)?+,?*K?A+?+B +C K?G?+T?9S? ?9?+?9?N?V+H3?“!?N?V? ?W?
5、?W?3+7#?N?V? ?W?,? ?!?“+#$? W?“? ?W?3+7#?N?V? ?W?,? ?!?“+#$? W?“? M%E?1?/QF?93?3Ad?4)?B ?W?() QL?d?PQ?+ET3#.?+?3-?Q?+?N/? ?V+Q#.?-?+?N/01?2?V?3?4)+ 5E60+7?-?683?4)?93!?:D+;E?1?/QF?93?3Ad?4)?B A tt Q w =CCCCCCCCCCCC)(VII 8 U9S?/?+?U9S?/?+?3?+?D?J?3?3?+?D?J?3? = t +D S? +D S? ()ttAQ w =?)(VIII ?)(VIII
6、;?;?b3?W?b3?W?)(Q+ ?d?23?+?d?c?*?8 + ?d?23?+?d?c?*?8()ttw23?23? ?/+?/+?+? W?+!“#3?+? W?+!“#3 () 12 2 KmW Km W = = ttA Q w $?%M+b30?J+312?9? E3-4?/0? ( )*?$+:?+,?J+?-.?/0?J+312?9? E3-4?/0? = g 4 d l hf? U?/?4G0? U?/?4G0)(?J?+ ?356S? ? ?J?+ ?356S? ? 2 2 2 8 2 8 ug u d l u hf = = ? ? g u d l hf 2 2 =ET
7、7F0?/Q?ET7F0?/Q?S?S? 4-8 W?4-8 W? ?A 89?%+?A 89?%+?45:?;+H3?“H? #3?“H? #B6DI?I?AB?+? ?;?C4B6DI?I?AB?+E ?9) +?d?0? ? :?0Q?%? ?9)Ct= + =25 2 3515 C C 25?!0?J?“+KL#$?“+KL#$?+ ?FG?A? +? 1$,?dc?2$ ?+ ?FG?A? 1)1) m t = =C =+50K323)305341( 2 1 C,JC,J? 113 .KkJ.kg017 . 1 ,kg.m093 . 1 = p c sPa1096 . 1 ,.KW.
8、m10826 . 2 5112 = 698 . 0 Pr = 44m068 . 0 mm68275 . 3 5 .75=d 1 sm4 =u 44 5 1010517 . 1 1096 . 1 093 . 1 4068 . 0 Re= = du 4,?B()?4,?B()? 4 . 08 . 08 . 0 Pr)(023 . 0 PrRe023 . 0 du dd n = 4 . 08 . 04 2 )698 . 0 ()10517. 1 ( 068 . 0 10831 . 2 023 . 0 = 12 KmW31.18 = +C?+C?60294 068 . 0 20 = d L ;?;?
9、12.K W.m31.18 = 2$.JGDE2G3+FG3?+8“S?G2$.JGDE2G3+FG3?+8“S?G 8 . 0 u 11 KK 1 m.s8422 =uu 128 . 08 . 0 KmW88.3131.182)( = = u u aa ?4 H? 4-11 H?H?I- ?4 H? 4-11 H?H?I- ?-IJ?+?3?W ? ?+ ?+ ?7? ?X ?N?+ ?+ ?7? ?X ?N? h m q , XX c m q , 1 skg +?X?+?X? hp C , XX cp C , 11 KkgJ ? ? ? ? i TXX 0 T+?+? i tXX 0 t?
10、 Q:?cd?/+?N?V K!%“?#$%?#?+? +?L?A:DE3;?#?+? +?L?A?%?%B?Ad 2 m:M? H?X? :M? H?X?T?t K?d?d? 1w t? 2w tK7#MEF%?7#MEF%? 12 ?dQ 1 sJ %?“?MEF?%?d?(?+;=?3;?+;QQQQdddd 321 =+8K?)/?) +8K?)/?) + () () () 22112211 2211 d 1 dd 1 d 1 dd 1 d AA b A tT AA b A tttttT Q mm wwww + + = + + + = 2 1 2 1 1 1 d d1 d d1d d
11、A A A Ab tT A Q m + =LLLLLLLLLLLL) 11 ( 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 d d d d1 d d + = m A Ab A A tT A Q LLLLLLLLLLLL)21 ( 13 2211 d d1 d d1d d A Ab A A tT A Q mm m + =LLLLLLLLLLLL)31 ( ()()()LdALdALdA mm dddddd 2211 =?Q mmmm d d A A d d A A d d A A 22 2 1 2 111 d d d d d d =? M.S?M.S? 2 1 2 1 1 1 11d d d d d db tT
12、 A Q m + =LLLLLLLLLLLL) 12( 2 2 1 2 1 2 11d d + = m d db d d tT A Q LLLLLLLLLLLL)22( 2211 11d d d db d d tT A Q mm m + =LLLLLLLLLLLL)32( 2 1 2 1 1 111 d d d db K m +=?LLLLLL+LLLLLL+3 N? N?) 12( ? 11 d)(dAtTKQ=LLLLLL+LLLLLL+4 1 K?+!?“?+!?“?K?X?#?N$?%+ ? ,9?+? ?+;Td?(?(? 14 ?tCqQ cpcm dd ,2= cp c m Cq
13、 Q t , 2 d d =?)6( U?3?+?U?3?+?QQQddd 21 =?)5(?)6(? () += cpcmhp h m CqCq QtT , 11 dd?)7( Q=Q= 4-10 /+?X?N?/+?X?N? () 0, TTCqQ ihp h m = Q TT Cq i hp h m 0 , 1 =?)8 ( () icp c m ttCqQ= 0, Q tt Cq i cp c m = 0 , 1 ?)9( ?)8(XX)9(?)4(?)7(?+?+ ()() + = Q tt Q TT AtTKtT ii00 11 dd () 1 00 1 d d A Q tt Q
14、TT K tT tT ii + = () () 100 1 dAtTtT Q K ii = ? S?+? !?+-? S?+? !?+-? ii tTtTA= 0 1 ? 0011 tTtTAA= () () () = 100 0 100 1 d A ii tT tT AtTtT Q K tT tTd ii () () 00 11 00 lntTtT Q AK tT tT ii ii = () () 00 00 11 ln tT tT tTtT AKQ ii ii =?)10( 15 “ () () 00 00 ln tT tT tTtT t ii ii m =?)11( N?N?)10(?
15、m tAKQ= 11 ?)12( m t#?$%1?-?+S#?/? ? 01+R“ ;?-?+S#?/? ? 01+R“ 2 2 1 2 12 111 += m d db d d K ?( )13 ;?;? m tAKQ= 22 ?( )14 R“R“ 2211 111 d db d d K mm m +=?( )15 ;?;? mmm tAKQ=?( )16 ?( )13XX( )14XX)11(234?-?+#?/?5? ? 234?-?+#?/?5? ?( )15XX( )16XX()11#?/?d/6? S#?-?+73Q68!?+3?-%9? R?%d+; #?/?d/6? S#?
16、-?+73Q68!?+3?-%9? R?%d+;AAAA m = 21 +N?+N? 21 111 += b K m tKAQ= -E?:/+?0?SJ+? ?+? ?+?74?50?5-6?50Q? ?+?74?50?5-6?50Q? 1 sm5 . 0 =u+?50?7?8?9 :? +?50?7?8?9 :?202?2?402?Q;?0?P? +? 11 KmW45 =+? ?50L9N? &? +? ?50L9N? &?W10886 . 7 skJ6 .788850 3600 3340 51 = Q Ctm= =3 .47 4230 . 0 20 4078 2078 ln )4078(
17、)2078( 4 . 08 . 0 1 023 . 0 = p C du d 4 . 0 3 8 . 0 3 618. 0 417410817 . 0 10817. 0 7 .9955 . 0025 . 0 025 . 0 618 . 0 023 . 0 = 12 KmW250098 . 1 2219569 . 0 = 11 22 22 11 d d d db K m += 12 2 KmW1020 025 . 0 2500 030 . 0 1 0275 . 0 45 030 . 0 0025 . 0 2268 1 1 = + + =K 2 2 m34.16 3 .471020 78600 =
18、 = = m tK Q A () 21, ttCqQ cpcm = ()() 1 21, , skg45 . 9 20404174 786600 = = = ttC Q q cp cm 4-14 C4?NI4-14 C4?NI 18 C4?NI+b3 6JA?C4?NI+b3 6JA?( )X/?/? Q?A?A K+A+?+?tm/? ?+? /? ?+? ), 2 , 1(mitAKQ mii =?( )X ?/+?/+ ii i m i i i i d d d bd d d K += 1 1 2 1 21 ln t t tt tm = B?B?A+K?3?C*?D?+?+K?3?C*?D?+?A+? ?,?+?N?B? ? +? ?,?+?N?B? ? m t+?3?+? ? ?+?3?+? ? ? m t? !?“ ? !?“K+#?3!?+#?3!?, 21 ?+$?+?X? ?+? ?+$?+?X? ?+? 21 11 1 + =K? 2 1 21 21 21 21 12 21 1 = + = + =K? !? H?H?K+b?+b? 2 +%b3?9?+%b3?9? U?H?/?+8U?H?/?+8 m i d db ?+b?7?+b?7?K? !“?+ %#? ? !“?+ %#?K?