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1、 1 62 2006010429 2007-12-22 2 . 2 1.1 2 1.1 1.2.1 1.2.2 . 1.3 . 4 1.4 . 5 7 2.1 7 2.2 SOFC . 8 2.3 SOFC 11 2.4 SOFC 15 2.4.1 SOFC 15 2.4.2 SOFC 19 SOFC 21 3.1 SOFC . 21 3.1.1 . 21 3.1.2 SOFC . 23 3.1.3 SOFC . 25 3.1.4 SOFC . 27 3.2 SOFC . 27 3.3 SOFC . 30 SOFC 31 4.1 SOFCGTST 32 4.1.1 32 4.1.2 SOFCG
2、TST 33 4.2 SOFCGTST 36 4.3 SOFC . 38 SOFC . 44 5.1 SOFC . 44 5.2 SOFC . 45 . 49 3 SOFCSOFCSOFC SOFC 1.1 CO220151990 60%NOxSox HC 12 1.2 60%80%123 23 21 1 1.2.1 4 AFCPAFC PEMFCMCFC SOFC (MCFC)(SOFC) 600650 8001000600 1.2.2 4 1.3 Wilhelm Grove183920 5 50kW 12 70 80 9090 AFC PAFC1-11MW 50-250kWPEMFC90
3、MCFCSOFC MW250kWSOFC SOFCPAFCMCFC 1.4 25 6 1. 90% (HHV)42%46% 60% 1.00.5 2 2. 3. () (SOx)(NOx)(HC) CO2 4. 5. 2 7 2.1 SOFC SOFC SOFC45%-50%SOFC 70%SOFC 100kWSOFCWes?nghouse kWSOFCMWSOFC SiemensSOFC 2 SOFC 8 SOFC 2.2 SOFC : IO0% 678 9 h-s1-2 2 T 11 2 211 1 () kk kk R p TTT p 21 21 R c TT TT 21 221 ()
4、R pp c TT wcTTc 22m Wqw 298K 0.1MPaSOFC 9 1 mol/s 5.7202 185.2249 11.4404 1 5 T 298K1.2870% 10 6 T=322.46K 9 2 m p R c M k1.294 2 f W=5.20kW 1 T298K1.22 70%k1.49 2 T=323.05K 2a W=135.38kW SOFC 10 2 sofcHe Wi A n EXnF E FiSOFC e n SOFC2nAcm2 ; 2 H X H2;E9 sofc W =2400 kW SOFC 22netsofcfa WWWW net W =
5、2400-135.38-5.20=2259.42kW SOFC LHV Q 802842J/mol 3 802842/5.7202/10/4592.42 LHV QJ molmol skJJkW net el LHV W Q 2259.42 100%49.20% 4592.42 net el LHV W Q 35%-40%SOFC 13 ,1314 () regm total Qqhh 11 9H2O 11.31%O2 13.52%N2 72.30%CO2 2.83% ii i MxM 11.31% 18+13.57% 32+72.30% 28+2.83% 44=27.87kg/kmolMkg
6、/kmol N2O2 27.87kg/kmol ,m total q 2 ,m totalmfmam H O qqqq mf q ma q 2 ,m H O q 2 3 , (5.7202 16185.2249 28.9711.4404 18) 10/5.663/ m total qkg skg s 1 13 T=557K 14 T=353K ,1314,1314,1314 7 ()()() 2 m regm totalm totalpm total R QqhhqcTTqTT M 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 5 5 73 5 3 )1 2 0 6 . 2 0 22 7 . 8
7、 7 k Wk W netreg eq LHV WQ Q SOFC 2259.42 1206.20 100%75.46% 4592.42 netreg eq LHV WQ Q 976.93% 12 2.3 SOFC LHV Q=4592.42kW net W =2259.42kW =4592.422259.42()2333.00 LHVnet QQWkWkW ,total SOFC 22 135.385.20()140.28 af WWkWkW 711 3 1 2 4 12 34 121 = m Qqh -h 234 = m Qqh -h 1m q 2m q =QQQ 13 10 27.87/
8、Mkg kmol 10 1231TK 11 1186TK 2, 5.663/ mm total qqkg s 21011,1011,1011 7 =()() 2 m mm totalpm total R QqqcTTqTT M h -h= 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 1 2 3 11 1 8 6 )2 6 6 . 0 7 22 7 . 8 7 k Wk W 7 370TK 8 823TK 2 ,m H O q mf q 2 , =Qm H O mf QQ 3 78.31478.314 =(11.4404 185.7202 16) (823370) 10 kW=226.21kW
9、218218 =266.70226.21 kQQQW=40.49kW 11 1186TK 12 640TK 21112,1112,1112 7 =()() 2 m mm totalpm total R QqqcTTqTT M h -h= 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 1 1 8 66 4 0 )3 2 2 8 . 3 5 22 7 . 8 7 k Wk W 2 321TK 3 911TK ma q 14 3232 =() mamap QqqcTTh -h= 3 78 . 3 1 4 1 8 5 . 2 2 4 92 8 . 9 71 0( 9 1 13 2 1)3 1 8 0 .
10、 0 2 22 8 . 9 7 k Wk W =3228.533180.02 kQQQW=48.51kW 12 640TK 13 557TK 21213,1213,1213 7 =()() 2 m mm totalpm total R QqqcTTqTT M h -h= 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 6 4 05 5 7 )4 9 0 . 7 6 22 7 . 8 7 k Wk W H2O 11.31%O2 13.52%N2 72.30%CO2 2.83%H2O 11.31% p c 1.004J/kg k4.1868 J/kg k4 11.31%H2O 11.31%*4=45.
11、24% H2O H2O H2O H2O 2 2 11.31% 18 0.073 27.87 H O H O M w M 222 21213,1213,1213 =() (1)() mm totalpH Om H OpH O QqqcTTwqcTTwh -h= 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 6 4 05 5 7 )0 . 9 2 70 . 0 7 34 . 1 8 6 8( 6 4 05 5 7 )5 . 66 3 22 7 . 8 7 kW 598.59kW 15 16 298TK 17 393TK 16 104.91/kJ kgh 17 2716.60/kJ kgh H2O 2
12、 3 ,1716 =18 (2716.60 104.91)537.82 m H O QqkWkWh -h=11.4404 10 =598.59537.82 kQQQW=60.77kW =Q48.51+60.77+40.49=149.77kW 13 2130,130,130 7 =()() 2 m mm totalpm total R QqqcTTqTT M h -h= 78 . 3 1 4 5 . 6 6 3( 5 5 72 9 8 )1 5 3 1 . 3 9 22 7 . 8 7 k Wk W 2333.00QkW ,total 50.8%1531.39QkW 65.64% SOFC SO
13、FCSOFC 149.77kW 6.42%140.28kW6.01%SOFC 511.36kW21.93% 512 16 2.4 SOFC 2.4.1 SOFC 5913 x 3 2259.42 100%47.55% 5.7202 83074 10 net e fuel W E fuel E xe el 83074 /mol fuel EJ SOFC 12cC EWE c W 1 E 2 E 12Cc EWE x 1 c e c W , 2 x ,1 x out x e x incxc ee ewew 0 298TK 0 0.1pMPa 22 220020210 00 ()()()(lnln)
14、 xpp Tp ehhT ssc TTT cR Tp 2 18.09/ x ekJ kg 1 0 x e 17 2 25.21/ a c ma W wkJkg q , 2 x ,1 18.09 100%71.36% 25.21 x out x e x incxc ee ewew 122 ()23.74 Ccmacx EWEqwekW , 65 x x outx in xx e cc eeee ww 5x e 6x e 66 6565065650 55 ()()()(lnln) xxpp Tp eehhT ssc TTT cR Tp 65 40.45/ xx eekJ kg , x 40.45
15、100%71.18% 56.83 x outx in e c ee w 5665 ()1.50 Ccmfcfxx EWEqweekW 23.74 1.5025.24EkWkW 1324C HHHH 1 H 3 H 2 H 4 H 1324 () C HHHH 21 x 34 e HH HH 18 1011,10,11 () m totalxx HHqee , 5 . 6 6 3/ mtotal qk gs 10 ,10,1110110101110110 11 ()()()ln xxpp T eehhT ssc TTT c T 1 1011 220.39HHkW 78 HH 7887 () mf
16、xx HHqee 87 463.38/ xx eekJ kg 78 137.83HHkW 87 x 1011 137.83 100%62.57% 220.29 e HH HH 107811 ()220.39 137.83()82.46 C HHHHkWkW 1112,11,12 ()2353.21 m totalxx HHqeekW 32 3 ,3,232032320 2 ()()()ln324.1/ xxpp T eehhT ssc TTT ckJ kg T 32 1741.16HHkW 32 x 1112 1741.16 100%73.99% 2353.21 e HH HH 19 1121
17、23 ()2353.21 1741.16()612.05 C HHHHkWkW 1 21 3 270.27HHkW 16 104.91/kJ kgh 15 2716.60/kJ kgh 15 7.3692/()skJkgK 16 0.3666/()skJkg K H2O 1516151601516,2 ()()112.16 m H O HHhhT ssqkW 1516 x 1213 112.16 100%41.50% 270.27 e HH HH 12161315 ()270.27 112.16()188.11 C HHHHkWkW 188.11612.0582.46882.62EkWkW S
18、OFC 140 29.42 x EHHkW 2.4.2 SOFC total 4 7 5 2 . 02 2 5 9 . 4 2 ()2 4 9 2 . 5 8 x Ek Wk W52.45% SOFC 882.62EkW35.40% 20 59 1 1 25.24kW SOFC SOFC SOFC 613 SOFC 21 SOFC SOFC SOFC 5912 SOFC SOFC SOFC SOFC 11 SOFC 3.1 SOFC 14 3.1.1 22 6 1 2233441 P T 3 2 3 2 4 1 4 1 V S SOFC SOFC SOFC 23 516 21GT HHW 21
19、GT WHH1 oi ,21 () GT netoi WHH 1x E 2x E GT W GT 12xxGTGT EEW 12xx EE GT W x 1212 1 GTGT e xxxx W EEEE 3.1.2 SOFC 517 3.8135/ mf qmol s102.9645/ ma qmol s SOFC32.427 2 ,2 7.627/ m H O qmol sT=298K p=0.1MPa 8 24 85% c 6 T=506.93K 9 2 m p R c M k 1.29 2 f W=29.81kW 1 T298K8 85%k1.49 2 T=582.48K 2a W=8
20、52.36kW 3 ,2 (3.8135 16 102.9645 28.977.627 18) 10/3.1812/ m totalmamfm H O qqqqkg skg s 9H2O 13.34% O2 12.23%N2 71.10%CO2 3.34% ii i MxM 13.34% 18+12.23% 32+71.10% 28+3.34% 44=27.69kg/kmolMkg/kmol 9 10 T=1217 11 T=976K =385% oi 3.1 11 ,1011,10,10 7 ()(1)(1) 2 kk m kk GT netoim totalpoim totaloi R W
21、HHqcTqT M ,GT net W=931.65kW SOFC1 1 7 9 2 . 2 S O F C Wk WSOFC ,22netsofcGT netfa WWWWW net W =1792.2+931.65-29.81-852.36=1841.68kW SOFC LHV Q 25 802842J/mol 3 802842 /3.8135/10/3061.64 LHV QJ molmol skJJkW SOFC ,22sofcGT netfa net el LHVLHV WWWW W QQ 1841.68 100%60.15% 3061.64 net el LHV W Q 60.15
22、%. 14 18 ,1415 () regm total Qqhh 1415 14 518TK 15 353TK 551.61 reg QkW netreg eq LHV WQ Q SOFC 551.61 1841.68 100%78.17% 3061.64 netreg eq LHV WQ Q 80% SOFC 551.61 0.30 1841.68 reg net Q W SOFC 1206.20 0.53 2259.42 reg net Q W 2393.29kWSOFC 76.95%SOFC 3.1.3 SOFC 100%SOFC 26 SOFC SOFC 2.3 11 976TK 1
23、2 930TK ,1112 = mtotal Qqh -h=153.78kW 7 580TK 8 923TK 2 ,m H O q mf q 2 , =Q107.88 m H Omf QQkW =153.78107.88kQQQW=45.90kW 12 930TK 13 631TK ,1213 = m total Qqh -h=999.58kW 2 582TK 3 910TK ma q 3232 =()982.47 mamap QqqcTTkWh -h= =999.58982.47 kQQQW=16.84kW 13 631TK 14 518TK 27 H2O 13.34%O2 12.23%N2
24、 71.10%CO2 3.34%H2O13.34%H2O2.2.2 H2O H2O 2 2 13.34% 18 0.0867 27.69 H O H O M w M 222 21213,1314,1314 =() (1)()475.51 mm totalpH Om H OpH O QqqcTTwqcTTwkWh -h= 17 298TK 16 580TK 16 8.2416/kJ kgh 17 104.91/kJ kgh 2 ,1716 = m H O QqkWh -h=409.62 =475.51408.62 kQQQW=65.89kW =45.90Q+16.84+65.89=128.63k
25、W ,140,140 =()735.48 m totalm totalp QqqcTTkWh -h= 3.1.4 SOFC 3061.641841.68()1219.96QkWkW ,total SOFC SOFC 3 1015 28 Q=128.63kW 3.2 SOFC x 3 1841.68 100%58.13% 3.8135 83074 10 net e fuel W E total 3168.03 1841.68()1326.35 x EkWkW fuel E xeel 58% SOFC 2.4 0 298TK 0 0.1pMPa 1 0 x e 2 1 p p 8 85% c 22
26、 220020210 00 ()()()(lnln) xpp Tp ehhT ssc TTT cR Tp 2 262.98/ x ekJ kg , 784.44 x out EkW 2 852.36 a WkW , x , 784.44 100%92.03% 852.36 x out e x inc E EW 12 67.92 Cc EWEkW 29 2 1 p p 885% c 6565065 ()() xx eehhT ss 65 440.34/ xx eekJ kg , x 440.34 100%90.13% 488.55 x outx in e c ee w 56 2.94 Cc EW
27、EkW 67.922.9470.86EkWkW 2.23 1112,11,12 () m totalxx HHqee 10 ,10,1110110101110110 11 ()()()ln33.22/ xxpp T eehhT ssc TTT ckJ kg T , 3.1812/ m total qkg s 1112 105.68HHkW 87 441.59/ xx eekJ kg 87 87.57HHkW 87 x 1112 87.57 100%82.86% 105.68 e HH HH 117812 ()105.68 87.57()18.11 C HHHHkWkW : 30 3 ,3,23
28、2032320 2 ()()()ln324.1/ xxpp T eehhT ssc TTT ckJ kg T 1213,12,13 ()192.75 3.1812613.18 m totalxx HHqeekWkW 3 32 195.67 102.9645 28.97 10583.66HHkWkW 32 x 1213 583.66 100%95.19% 613.18 e HH HH 122133 ()613.18583.66()29.52 C HHHHkWkW 1314 181.18HHkW 17 104.91/kJ kgh 16 3088.64/kJ kgh 16 8.2416/()skJk
29、g K 17 0.3666/()skJkgK H2O 1617161701617,2 ()()87.45 m H O HHhhT ssqkW 1617 x 1314 87.45 100%48.27% 181.18 e HH HH 13171416 ()181.18 87.45()93.73 C HHHHkWkW 18.11 29.5293.73141.36EkWkW 3.3 SOFC 11 58.13%SOFC 141.36EkW10.66%SOFC 30.54%20% 31 SOFC SOF 551.61kW ,00, 0 ln x Qm totalp T EQ TSQ T qc T 7 2
30、 m p R c M 1415 435 2 TT TK174.78kW SOFC 5912 32 SOFC SOFC SOFC SOFC SOFC SOFC 10 SOFC 33 4.1 SOFC 4.1.1 6 P T 4 1 1 3 2 4 3 2 V s p-vTs 3 4 41 12 2 3 6 SOFC 5 34 12 1212 c w R w oi 12 12 c oi R whh whh 2 2112 () oi hhhh 1212 ()() STmcmoim Wq wqhhqhh 12xxSTST EEW 1x E 2x E, ST 12xx EE ST W x 1212 1
31、STST e xxxx W EEEE 4.1.2 SOFC SOFCSOFCGTST 35 7.627/ mf qmol s205.929/ ma qmol s SOFC 2 ,2 15.254/ m H O qmol s T=298Kp=0.1MPa 12.785% c 65 65 R c TT TT 11 6 655 5 () kk kk R p TTT p 265 () p wcTT 6 568.19TK 2 631.80/wkJkg 2 f W 77.10kW 2 672.13TK 221 ()3 7 5 . 8 0/ p wcTTk Jk g 2 2241.92 a WkW 85%
32、oi 10 11 3.5 p p 3 ,2 (7.627 16205.929 28.97 15.254 18) 10/6.3624/ m totalmamfm H O qqqqkg skg s 36 1 H2O 13.26%O2 12.05%N2 71.20%CO2 3.45% 27.71/ ii i MxMkg kmol 1 ,1011,10 ()(1)2115.41 k k GT netoim totalpoi WHHqcTkW 4.1 30.508mol/s, 17 12.7pbar 1819 0.05ppbar 17 613TK 18 306TK 3 ,2 30.508/18 10/0
33、.5492/ m H O qmol skJ molkg s 88% oi ,21718 () net STm H Ooi Wqhh 17 3131.07/hkJ kg 18 2560.75/hkJ kg 18 , 0.5492 (3131.072560.75) 0.88275.63 net ST WkWkW , 3499.94 net SOFC WkW 37 3 7.627 802842 106123.28 LHV QkWkW SOFC ,22 3665.02 100%59.85% 6123.28 sofcGT netST netfa net el LHVLHV WWWWW W QQ , 21
34、15.41 GT net WkW , , , 2115.41 35.91% 5890.98 GT net GT net sofcGT netST net W W WWW , 275.63 net ST WkW4.68%SOFC , 3499.94 net SOFC WkW 59.41%. 4.2 SOFC : ,22 ()2458.26 LHVsofcGT netST netfatotal QQWWWWWkW SOFCSOFC 9: 2SOFC 1112, 253.89 pm total QqkWT -Tc 778.314 /(*)1.0501/(*) 2227.71 m p R ckJkgK
35、kJkgK M 1 2 3 5 6 7 T(K) 298 672 910 298 568 638 8 10 11 12 13 14 T(K) 928 1238 968 930 709 353 15 16 17 18 19 T(K) 298 613 613 306 306 38 87,2 )193.09 pm H Opmf QqqkWT -T(cc 60.8QQkW 1213, 1476.57 pm total QTTqkW-c 32 1426.17 pma QTTqkW=(-)c QQkW50.4 1314, 2378.55 pm total QTTqkW-c 13 709TK, 14 353
36、TK356K H2O 13.26%O2 12.05%N2 71.20%CO2 3.45%H2O 13.26% 4.1868/ (*) p kJkgKc,4 H2O 27.71/Mkg kmolH2O 2 13.26% 18 0.086 27.71 H O w 1314,21314,2 (1)(2989.55 pm totalH Om H O QTTqwTTqkW-c-c SOFC ,2m H O q ,2m H O q 39 1615,21719,2 )2481.37 m H Om H O QqqkWh -hh -h( 1516 1ppbar)H2O 15 16 17 18 19 h(kJ/k
37、g) 104.91 3155.50 3131.07 2560.75 137.75 s(kJ/kg*k) 0.3666 8.3536 7.1750 8.3938 0.4762 3H2O 2989.552481.37()508.18QQkWkW ,21819 ()1330.58 m H O QqhhkWkW 353K ,140140, ()367.47 m totalpm total Qqhh kWTTqkW-c SOFC SOFC 54.46% 508.18kW83.10% Q Q SOFCSOFC SOFCSOFC SOFC SOFC GTST 4.3 SOFC 40 3 3665.02 10
38、0%57.84% 7.627 830740 10 net fuel W E total 6336.053665.02()2671.03 x EkWkW fuel E 1112,11,12 ()27.376.3624174.14 m totalxx HHqeekWkW H20 87 () xx ee 33 87 374.85 (7.627 16 1015.254 18 10 )148.67HHkWkW 87 x 1112 148.67 100%85.37% 174.14 e HH HH 111287 ()()25.47 C HHHHkW 3 32 148.31 205.929 28.97 108
39、84.78HHkWkW 1213,12,13 ()147.176.3624936.25 m totalxx HHqeekWkW 121332 ()()51.57 C HHHHkW 32 x 1213 884.78 100%94.49% 936.35 e HH HH 41 2 1 p p 885% c 4.3.1 2 672TK 22 220020210 00 ()()()(lnln)249.64/ xpp Tp ehhT ssc TTT cRkJ kg Tp 2 2085.81 a WkW , x ,2 2085.81 100%93.04% 2241.82 x out e x ina E EW
40、 12 156.11 Cc EWEkW 6565065 ()()575.44/ xx eehhT sskJ kg 2 77.10 f WkW , x 2 70.22 100%91.08% 77.10 x outx in e f EE W 56 6.88 Cc EWEkW 578 16 15 17 19 42 16151719 1314 HHHH HH 13 H 14 H 16 H 15 H 11 H 19 H 131519141617 ()() C EEEEEE 14161716171519 1315191314 ()()() () ex EEEEEEE EEEEE 13 E 14 E 161
41、7 ()EE 1519 ()EE ,131401314 ()()155.61/ g ing out eehhT sskJ kg, , 155.61 6.3624990.05 g ing out EEkW 2,2,2161501615,2171901719 ()()()() H O inH O outm H Om H O EEqhhT ssqhhT ss 2,2, 674.48 H O inH O out EEkW ,2,2, ()()315.57 Cg ing outH O inH O out EEEEkW 1314 168.13% C ex EE ; ,2181901819 ()()34.9
42、0 Cm H O qhhT sskW 43 100%. S0FCSOFCGTST10.53% 22.15%.SOFC SOFC SOFCGT 44 SOFC 5.1 SOFC SOFCSOFCGTSOFCGTST 4 SOFC SOFCGT SOFCGTST mol/s 5.7202 3.8135 7.627 / 2 / 32.4 2 / 27 2 / 27 49.20% 60.15% 59.85% 75.46% 78.17% 47.55% 58.13% 57.84% 45 4SOFC 4 50%60% 80%910 SOFCSOFCSOFC 150% 75.46%47.55% 2 60.15
43、% 80%11% 58.13%. 3SOFC SOFC 9 SOFC 5.2 SOFC 46 SOFC SOFC 10 50KWSOFC 200KW500KWSOFC 10 2MWSOFC 350500 SOFC 310 SOFC NOXSOXSOFC SOFC 16 SWPSiemens Wes?nghouse Power Co . SOFCSOFC 70%SOFC 2 SWP SOFC SOFC 10 SHSulzer Hexis AG CO.SOFC SOFC 2 PEFC SOFC SOFC SOFC 47 60, 21 1019 1. M . : 2000. 2 21. M. . :
44、 2004. 3. J.,2001, 254:2326. 4. M.: 1984. 5. D. , 2004 6. M. : , 1995. 7. M . : 2000. 8 . M . : 2000. 9. D. , 2006. 10. M. : , 2006. 11. J.,2005 48 , 264:321325. 12. M . : 2004. 13. M . : 1984. 14. J. ,2002, 172:118122. 15. J. ,2005, 254:559602. 16Subhash C.Singhal Kevin Kendall. M. . : 2004. 17. J.,2005 , 254:487492. 18. J.,2005 , 254:487492. 19.21 J.,1999,19:2124. 49 : 10 SOFC 11 20071222