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1、a Date: 20 November 2006 Origin: International Latest date for receipt of comments: 28 February 2007 Project no.: 2006/02990 Responsible committee: PEL/22 Power electronics Interested committees: Title: Draft BS EN 62040-1 Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) - Part 1: General and safety requirements
2、 Supersession information: If this document is published as a standard, the UK implementation of it will supersede BSEN62040-1-1 : 2003;BSEN62040-1-2 : 2003 and partially supersede NONE . If you are aware of a current national standard which may be affected, please notify the secretary (contact deta
3、ils below). WARNING: THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A BRITISH STANDARD. THIS DRAFT IS NOT CURRENT BEYOND 28 February 2007. This draft is issued to allow comments from interested parties; all comments will be given consideration prior to publication. No acknowledgement will norma
4、lly be sent. See overleaf for information on commenting. No copying is allowed, in any form, without prior written permission from BSI except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 or for circulation within a nominating organization for briefing purposes. Electronic circulatio
5、n is limited to dissemination by e-mail within such an organization by committee members. Further copies of this draft may be purchased from BSI Customer Services, Tel: +44(0) 20 8996 9001 or email ordersbsi-. British, International and foreign standards are also available from BSI Customer Services
6、. British Standards on CD or Online are available from British Standards Publishing Sales Limited. Tel: 01344 404409 or email bsonlinetechindex.co.uk. Information on the co-operating organizations represented on the committees referenced above may be obtained from the responsible committee secretary
7、. Cross-references The British Standards which implement International or European publications referred to in this draft may be found via the British Standards Online Service on the BSI web site http:/www.bsi-. Direct tel: 0208 996 7281 Responsible Committee Secretary: Mr S Bounds (BSI) E-mail: sim
8、on.boundsbsi- Draft for Public Comment Head Office 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL Telephone: +44(0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44(0)20 8996 7001 Form 36 Version 6.1 DPC: 06/30158289 DC Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontr
9、olled Copy, (c) BSI b Introduction This draft standard is based on international discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your comments on this draft are welcome and will assist in the preparation of the consequent standard. If no comments are received to the contrary, then the UK will
10、approve this draft. There is a high probability that this text could be adopted by CENELEC as a reference document for harmonization or as a European Standard. Recipients of this draft are requested to comment on the text bearing in mind this possibility. UK Vote Please indicate whether you consider
11、 the UK should submit a negative (with reasons) or positive vote on this draft. Submission The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all comments receive efficient and appropriate attention by the responsible BSI committee. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected. All comm
12、ents must be submitted, preferably electronically, to the Responsible Committee Secretary at the address given on the front cover. Comments should be compatible with Version 6.0 or Version 97 of Microsoft Word for Windows, if possible; otherwise comments in ASCII text format are acceptable. Any comm
13、ents not submitted electronically should still adhere to these format requirements. All comments submitted should be presented as given in the example below. Further information on submitting comments and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a comment form are available from the BSI web site
14、at:http:/www.bsi- Template for comments and secretariat observations Date: xx/xx/200x Document: ISO/DIS xxxxx 1 2 (3) 4 5 (6) (7) MB Clause No./ Subclause No./ Annex (e.g. 3.1) Paragraph/ Figure/Table/ Note (e.g. Table 1) Type of com- ment Comment (justification for change) by the MB Proposed change
15、 by the MB Secretariat observations on each comment submitted 3.1 Definition 1 ed Definition is ambiguous and needs clarifying. Amend to read . so that the mains connector to which no connection . 6.4 Paragraph 2 te The use of the UV photometer as an alternative cannot be supported as serious proble
16、ms have been encountered in its use in the UK. Delete reference to UV photometer. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks, and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
17、rolled Copy, (c) BSI THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH. IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER
18、 PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS. DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7146-1 International Organization for Standardization, 2006 INTERNATIONAL OR
19、GANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION ISO/TC 123/SC 2 Voting begins on: 2006-11-21 Secretariat: DIN Voting terminates on: 2007-04-23 Plain bearings Fluid film metallic bearings Terms and characteristics of damage Part 1: General Paliers lisses Paliers mtalliques
20、 couche lubrifiante fluide Termes et caractristiques de dtrioration et de changement daspect Partie 1: Gnralits (Revision of ISO 7146:1993) ICS 21.100.10 In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in the English language only. Conformment aux disposit
21、ions de la Rsolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribu en version anglaise seulement. To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication stage. Pou
22、r acclrer la distribution, le prsent document est distribu tel quil est parvenu du secrtariat du comit. Le travail de rdaction et de composition de texte sera effectu au Secrtariat central de lISO au stade de publication. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun
23、 Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO/DIS 7146-1 ii ISO 2006 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which ar
24、e embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorpo
25、rated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that
26、a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Copyright notice This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted under the applicable laws of the users country, neither this ISO draft nor
27、any extract from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured. Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address belo
28、w or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Violators may be prosecuted. Li
29、censed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO/DIS 7146-1 ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Definitions 1 4 Definitions of damage.1
30、4.1 Damage.1 4.2 Damage causes2 4.3 Damage appearances2 4.4 Damage characteristic 2 4.5 Relationship between damage appearances and damage characteristics.3 5 Guideline of damage analysis4 6 Damage on the bearing surface damage characteristics, typical damage appearances and possible damage causes 5
31、 6.1 General5 6.2 Static overload.6 6.3 Dynamic overload7 6.4 Wear by friction13 6.5 Overheating16 6.6 Insufficient lubrication (starvation) .18 6.7 Contamination22 6.8 Cavitation erosion .33 6.9 Electro erosion.35 6.10 Hydrogen diffusion36 6.11 Bond failure38 7 Damage on the bearing back38 7.1 Gene
32、ral38 7.2 Dynamic overload on the bearing back.38 7.3 Wear by friction on the bearing back 40 7.4 Contamination with particles on the bearing back42 8 Special position of damage appearances.43 Annex A (informative) Example of use of Table 146 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South
33、 Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO/DIS 7146-1 iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
34、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
35、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Com- mission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
36、International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 7146 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcom- mittee SC 2, Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing co
37、nditions. This first edition of ISO 7146-1, together with ISO 7146-2, cancels and replaces ISO 7146:1993 the technical con- tent of which has been technically revised and augmented. ISO 7146 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plain bearings Fluid film metallic bearings Terms an
38、d characteristics of damage: Part 1: General Part 2: Cavitation erosion and its countermeasures Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO/DIS 7146-1 ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction In prac
39、tice, damage to a bearing may often be the result of several mechanisms operating simultaneously. It is the complex combination of design, manufacture, assembly, operation, maintenance and possible reconditioning which often causes difficulty in establishing the primary cause of damage. In the event
40、 of extensive damage or destruction of the bearing, the evidence is likely to be lost, and it will then be impossible to identify how the damage came about. In all cases, knowledge of the actual operating conditions of the assembly and the maintenance history is of the utmost importance. The classif
41、ication of bearing damage established in this International Standard is based primarily upon the features visible on the running surfaces and elsewhere, and consideration of each aspect is required for reliable determina- tion of the cause of bearing damage. Since more than one process may cause sim
42、ilar effects on the running surface, a description of appearance alone is occasionally inadequate in determining the cause of damage. Thus Clause 4 is subdivided into several sub- clauses including damage appearances and damage characteristics. For the procedure of damage analysis Clause 5 may give
43、a helpful guide. In Clauses 6 and 7 examples of all damage characteristics with typically associated damage appearances are given. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Ban
44、k University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 24 04:13:09 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 7146-1 ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 1 Scope This International Standard defines, describes and classifies the characteristics of damage occurring in servi
45、ce in hydrodynamically lubricated metallic plain bearings and journals. It will assist in the understanding of the various characteristics of damage which may occur. For the purposes of this International Standard, the term “damage to plain bearings” or “bearing damages“ includes all changes in appe
46、arance occurring on the bearing surface and/or on the bearing back during operation, that adversely affect the performance of the bearing. Consideration is restricted to damage characteristics which have a well-defined appearance and which can be attributed to particular damage causes with a high de
47、gree of certainty. Various appearances are illustrated with photographs and diagrams. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Inter- national Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated we
48、re valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid Internatio
49、nal Standards. ISO 4378-1:1997, Plain bearings Terms, definitions and classification Part 1: Design, bearing materials and their properties ISO 4378-2:1983, Plain bearings Terms, definitions and classification Part 2: Friction and wear ISO 4378-3:1983, Plain bearings Terms, definitions and classification Part 3: Lubrication ISO 4378-4:1997, Plain b