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1、a Date: 27 August 2008 Origin: European Latest date for receipt of comments: 30 November 2008 Project no.: 2007/01818 Responsible committee: WEE/46 Non-destructive testing Interested committees: Title: Draft BS EN 15857 Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - Testing of fibre- reinforced polym
2、ers - Specific methodology and general evaluation criteria Supersession information: If this document is published as a standard, the UK implementation of it will supersede NONE and partially supersede. NONE If you are aware of a current national standard which may be affected, please notify the sec
3、retary (contact details below). WARNING: THIS IS A DRAFT AND MUST NOT BE REGARDED OR USED AS A BRITISH STANDARD. THIS DRAFT IS NOT CURRENT BEYOND 30 November 2008. This draft is issued to allow comments from interested parties; all comments will be given consideration prior to publication. No acknow
4、ledgement will normally be sent. See overleaf for information on commenting. No copying is allowed, in any form, without prior written permission from BSI except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988 or for circulation within a nominating organization for briefing purposes. E
5、lectronic circulation is limited to dissemination by e-mail within such an organization by committee members. Further copies of this draft may be purchased from BSI Customer Services, Tel: +44(0) 20 8996 9001 or email . British, International and foreign standards are also available from BSI Custome
6、r Services. Information on the co-operating organizations represented on the committees referenced above may be obtained from the responsible committee secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement International or European publications referred to in this draft may be found via
7、the British Standards Online Service on the BSI web site http:/. Direct tel: 020 8996 7120 Responsible Committee Secretary: Mrs A Hannan (BSI) E-mail: Draft for Public Comment Head Office 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL Telephone: +44(0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44(0)20 8996 7001 Form 36 Version 8.0
8、DPC: 08/30168672 DC Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI b Introduction This draft standard is based on European discussions in which the UK has taken an active part. Your comments on this draft are welcome and will assist in the preparation of t
9、he consequent British Standard. If no comments are received to the contrary, then the UK will approve this draft and implement it as a British Standard. Comment is particularly welcome on national, legislative or similar deviations that may be necessary. Even if this draft standard is not approved b
10、y the UK, if it receives the necessary support in Europe, the UK will be obliged to publish the official English Language text unchanged as a British Standard and to withdraw any conflicting standard. UK Vote Please indicate whether you consider the UK should submit a negative (with reasons) or posi
11、tive vote on this draft. Submission The guidance given below is intended to ensure that all comments receive efficient and appropriate attention by the responsible BSI committee. Annotated drafts are not acceptable and will be rejected. All comments must be submitted, preferably electronically, to t
12、he Responsible Committee Secretary at the address given on the front cover. Comments should be compatible with Version 6.0 or Version 97 of Microsoft Word for Windows, if possible; otherwise comments in ASCII text format are acceptable. Any comments not submitted electronically should still adhere t
13、o these format requirements. All comments submitted should be presented as given in the example below. Further information on submitting comments and how to obtain a blank electronic version of a comment form are available from the BSI web site at: http:/ Template for comments and secretariat observ
14、ations Date: xx/xx/200x Document: ISO/DIS xxxxx 1 2 (3) 4 5 (6) (7) MB Clause No./ Subclause No./ Annex (e.g. 3.1) Paragraph/ Figure/Table/ Note (e.g. Table 1) Type of com- ment Comment (justification for change) by the MB Proposed change by the MB Secretariat observations on each comment submitted
15、3.1 Definition 1 ed Definition is ambiguous and needs clarifying. Amend to read . so that the mains connector to which no connection . 6.4 Paragraph 2 te The use of the UV photometer as an alternative cannot be supported as serious problems have been encountered in its use in the UK. Delete referenc
16、e to UV photometer. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks, and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM DRAFT prEN 15857 August 2008 ICS 19.10
17、0 English Version Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - Testing of fibre- reinforced polymers - Specific methodology and general evaluation criteria Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Schallemissionsprfung - Prfung von faserverstrkten Polymeren - Spezifische Methodologie und allgemeine Bewertungskrite
18、rien This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 138. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this E
19、uropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
20、notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg
21、, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
22、 Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management
23、Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. prEN 15857:2008: E Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI prEN 15857:2008 (E) 2 Conten
24、ts Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Personnel qualification .7 5 AE sources and acoustic behaviour of FRP.7 5.1 AE source mechanisms 7 5.2 Wave propagation and attenuation characterisation.8 5.3 Test temperature8 5.4 Source location8 5.4.1
25、Location procedures .8 5.5 Analysis of AE from FRP 9 6 Instrumentation and monitoring guidelines .10 6.1 Sensors.10 6.2 Sensor location and spacing10 6.3 Sensor coupling and mounting10 6.4 Detection and evaluation threshold.11 6.5 Application of load 11 6.6 Graphs for real-time monitoring.11 7 Speci
26、fic methodology .12 7.1 Testing of specimens12 7.2 Testing of components and structures.13 7.2.1 Preliminary information 13 7.2.2 Test preparation.13 7.2.3 Load profiles 14 7.2.4 Written test instruction .17 7.2.5 Evaluation criteria18 7.2.6 Stop criteria20 7.3 Health monitoring20 8 Interpretation o
27、f AE results / source mechanisms.20 9 Documentation.21 Annex A (informative) Recommended standard formats for presentation of AE data (examples) .22 A.1 AE testing of specimens.22 A.1.1 Example 1 : AE data from static tensile testing of UD Carbon-fibre/Epoxy composite.22 A.1.2 Example 2: AE data fro
28、m mode I DCB delamination test of UD Glass-fibre/Epoxy composite.25 A.2 AE testing of components and structures28 A.2.1 Example 3: AE data from pressure testing.28 A.3 Aanced analysis methods.32 A.3.1 Waveform / wave mode analysis32 A.3.2 Frequency spectrum (FFT) analysis32 A.3.3 Pattern recognition
29、 of AE sources 32 A.3.4 Modelling of AE sources.32 Bibliography34 Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI prEN 15857:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (prEN 15857:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”, t
30、he secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI prEN 15857:2008 (E) 4 Introduction The increasing use of fibre-reinforced polymer materials (FRP) in structura
31、l (e.g., aerospace, automotive, civil engineering) and infra structural applications (e.g., gas cylinders, storage tanks, pipelines) requires respective developments in the field of non-destructive testing. Because of its sensitivity to the typical damage mechanisms in FRP, AE testing is uniquely su
32、ited as a test method for this class of materials. It is already being used for load test monitoring (increasing test safety) and for proof-testing, periodic inspection and periodic or continuous, real-time monitoring (health monitoring) of pressure vessels, storage tanks and other safety-relevant F
33、RP structures. AE testing shows potential where established non-destructive test methods (e.g., Ultrasonic or water-jacket tests) are not applicable (e.g., “thick” carbon-fibre reinforced gas cylinders used for the storage and transport of compressed natural gas (CNG), gaseous hydrogen, etc.). The g
34、eneral principles outlined in EN 13554 apply (as stated) to all classes of materials but the document in fact emphasises applications to metal components (see Section 6 “Applications of the acoustic emission method”). However, the properties of FRP relevant to AE testing are distinctly different fro
35、m those of metals. FRP structures are inherently inhomogeneous and show a certain degree of anisotropic behaviour, depending on fibre orientation and stacking sequence of plies, respectively. Material composition and properties, and geometry affected wave propagation, e.g., mode, velocity, dispersio
36、n, and attenuation, and hence the AE signals recorded by the sensors. Composites with a distinct viscoelastic polymer matrix (e.g., thermoplastics) possess a comparatively high acoustic wave attenuation which is dependent on wave propagation parallel or perpendicular to direction of fibre orientatio
37、n, plate-wave mode, frequency and temperature dependent relaxation behaviour. Therefore, successful AE testing of FRP materials, components and structures requires a specific methodology (e.g., storage of complete waveforms, specific sensors and sensor arrays, specific threshold settings, suitable l
38、oading patterns, improved data analysis, etc.), different from that applied to metals. Most evaluation criteria for AE tests on FRP components and structures to date are either empirical (derived from comparative tests on a limited number of specimens) or else classified (proprietary, unpublished da
39、ta banks). The time and effort to establish qualified evaluation criteria for specific AE test applications may be too costly to make it worthwhile. Generally applicable evaluation criteria for a class of materials FRP will help to pave the way for the development of new applications. There are rece
40、nt developments in AE testing, e.g., “modal AE” (wave and wave mode analysis in time and frequency domain) and “pattern recognition analysis”. In particular, feature extraction and pattern recognition techniques seem promising for achieving, among others, improved source location and damage mechanis
41、m discrimination in materials that show complex wave propagation behaviour and signals originating from multiple mechanisms acting simultaneously, such as FRP. Licensed CopyChinese University of Hong Kong, 21/10/2008 07:37, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI prEN 15857:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard shall
42、 describe the general principles of acoustic emission (AE) testing of materials, components and structures made of FRP with the aim of: materials characterisation; proof testing / manufacturing quality control; retesting / in-service inspection; health monitoring. When AE testing is used to assess t
43、he integrity of FRP materials, components or structures or identify critical zones of high damage accumulation or damage growth under load this standard shall further describe the specific methodology (e.g., suitable instrumentation, typical sensor arrangements, location procedures etc.). It shall a
44、lso describe available, generally applicable evaluation criteria for AE testing of FRP and outline procedures for establishing such evaluation criteria in case they are lacking. NOTE The structural significance of the AE may not in all cases definitely be assessed based on AE evaluation criteria onl
45、y but may require further inspection and assessment (e.g., with other non-destructive test methods or fracture mechanics calculations). This standard also recommends formats for the presentation of AE test data that allow the application of qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, both on-l
46、ine during testing and by post test analysis, and that simplify comparison of AE test results obtained from different test sites and organisations. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition
47、 cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-1, Non-destructive Testing Terminology Part 1: General terms. EN 1330-2, Non-destructive Testing Terminology Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing methods.
48、EN 1330-9, Non-destructive Testing Terminology Part 9: Terms used in Acoustic Emission Testing. EN 13477-1, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterisation Part 1: Equipment description. EN 13477-2, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Equipment characterisation Part 2: Ver
49、ification of operating characteristics. EN 13554, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission General principles. EN 14584, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Examination of metallic pressure equipment during proof testing Planar location of AE sources. EN 15495, Non-destructive testing Acoustic emission Examination of metallic pressure equipment during proof testing Zone location of