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1、Identification of Test Images for Document Imaging Applications Approved As I American National Standards Institute ( A M ) I Technical Repart September 3,1996 ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION ANO IMAGE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL 1 1 O0 Wayne Avenue Suite i 1 O0 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 AIIM 301-587-8
2、202 COPYRIGHT Association for Information DIN 19051 21, Testvorlagen fur die Mikrographie; Japanese Industrial Standard Z 6011, Test Chart for Rotary Microfilm Cameras; and Japanese Industrial Standard B 9523, Monochrome Test Chart for Document Copying Machines. Test charts and patterns that are no
3、longer commercially available or those developed by government agencies, businesses, or other organizations for internal use without regard to their broader applicability are likewise excluded. The directory is further limited to test charts and patterns that are based on, or incorporate test elemen
4、ts contained in, published specifications such as national or international standards or guidelines established by professional organizations or government agencies. Test charts, test patterns, and other measurement instruments developed by vendors to demonstrate the capabilities of their systems ar
5、e omitted. The Association for Information and Image Management Intemational does not recommend or guarantee these targets nor does it recommend one vendor over another. Suggestions for improving this technical report are welcome. They should be sent to the Chair, AIM Standards Board, Association fo
6、r Information and Image Management International, 1100 Wayne Avenue Suite 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910-5603. At the time it approved this technical report, the AIIM Standards Board had the following members: Name of Representative Organization Represented Judy Kilpatrick, Chair Association f
7、or Information and Image Management International Bell - DIN 19051 21, Testvorlagen fur die Mikrographie; - Japanese Industrial Standard Z 6011, Test Chart for Rotary Microfilm Cameras; and - Japanese Industrial Standard B 9523, Monochrome Test Chart for Document Copying Machines. Test charts and pa
8、tterns that are no longer commercially available or those developed by government agencies, businesses, or other organizations for internal use without regard to their broader applicability are likewise excluded. The directory is further limited to test charts and patterns that are based on, or inco
9、rporate test elements contained in, published specifications such as national or intemational standards or guidelines established by professional organizations or government agencies. Test charts, test patterns, and other measurement instruments developed by vendors to demonstrate the capabilities o
10、f their systems are omitted. 2 References 2.1 Referenced international standards I S 0 3334:1991, Micrographics - I S 0 resolution test chart No. 2 -Description and use. IS0 5/2:1991, Density measurements - Geometric conditions for transmission density. ITU Recommendation T.23 1995, Standardized col
11、our test chart for document facsimile transmission. ITU Recommendation T.22 1994, Standardized test chart for document facsimile transmission. 2.2 Referenced American national standards ANSI/AIIM MS1:1988, Recommended practice for alphanumeric computer-output microfom - Operational practices for ins
12、pection and quality control. ANSUAIIM MSI 7:1992, Rotary (flow) microfilm camera test chart and test target - descriptions and use. ANSI/AIIM MS24:1980 (1987), Test target for use in microrecording engineering graphics on 35 mm microfilm. 1 Association for Information and Image Management Internatio
13、nal COPYRIGHT Association for Information a specific collection of horizontal and vertical lines and spaces; and a line that represents a specific frequency (for example, 50 cycledmm and 152.4 mm (6.0 inch) length). 3 . 2 2 test pattern: An image, comprised of a collection of test elements - resolut
14、ion test elements, frequency test elements - that is designed for the testing and evaluation of imaging systems. 3 . 2 3 test target: (1) An image comprised of test patterns or test elements (or both) designed for the testing and evaluation of imaging systems. (2) A high- quality form slide used to
15、evaluate computer-output microfilm quality. 4 Acronyms and abbreviations AIIM ANSI CCITT (Now ITU) COM IEEE IS0 rru OCR IUT Association for Information and Image Management International American National Standard Institute International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee Computer Output
16、 Microfilm Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers International Standards Organization International Telecommunications Union Optical Character Recognition Rochester Institute of Technology 5 Description of directory entries This directory contains a separate entry for each test chart or
17、pattern that is contained herein. Each entry contains the following descriptive elements - title - designation source - itemtype - primary applications - other applications - size - construction - characteristice tested - description - documentation - comments - 5.1 Title The title is the name assig
18、ned to a test chart or test pattern by its developer. In some cases, the title appears on the test chart or test pattern itself. In others, the title is contained in descriptive documentation that pertains to the test chart or test pattern. Where a given test chart or pattern is available under diff
19、erent names from multiple sources, the title employed by the first source (listed alphabetically) is used. In most cases, the titles assigned to a particular test chart or test pattern by individual vendors differ only slightly, if at all. 5.2 Designation If a test chart or pattern is formally defin
20、ed by, or referenced in, a published specification, such as a national or international standard, it is so noted. Readers should be aware that published specifications are subject to periodic review and revision. When a standard or other published specification cited in this directory is superseded
21、by an approved revision, that revision may or may not be applicable to the test chart or test pattem described in a particular entry. Some test charts and test patterns listed in this directory incorporate test elements that are defined in published specifications, but the charts or patterns themsel
22、ves are not referenced in those published specifications. Many test charts, for example, incorporate test elements contained in IS0 Resolution Test Chart No. 2, but such charts may also include test elements that are not part of the intemational standard on which the IS0 chart is based. Alternativel
23、y, a given chart may incorporate test elements specified in a national or international standard, but its layout may deviate from specifications presented in the standard. In such cases, no designation is indicated. 4 Association for Information and Image Management International COPYRIGHT Associati
24、on for Information Rotary Camera Test Chart specified in ANSVAIIM MS17; Alphanumeric COM Quality Test Slide specified in ANSVAiM MS28; and Various facsimile test charts specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (EEE), the International Telecommunications Union (IT), and othe
25、r organizations. such cases, the primary application is the one designated by the developer of the test chart or test pattern. This directory also includes some general-purpose charts and patterns that are designed to test a variety of photwptical and electrwptical components, including lenses and i
26、maging materials. For such test charts and patterns, the primary application is listed as “general purpose,” and possible uses for document imaging are suggested under “Other application(s).” 5.6 Other application(s) A test chart or test pattern developed for a specific purpose could also prove usef
27、ul for other applications, although the chart or pattern may not be optimized for such purposes. As an example, a test chart designed to measure the performance of a facsimile machine can be used to test document scanners, imageapable display devices, and digital image printers. Similarly, test char
28、ts developed for microfilming applications may prove useful - though, admittedly, not ideal - for testing the capabilities of photocopiers. Where appropriate, such additional applications are suggested in directory entries. 5.7 Size The dimensions of the test chart or test pattern are indicated in E
29、nglish (inches) or metric measurements, as appropriate. 5.8 Construction The test charts or test patterns listed in this directory are produced on various substrates, including paper, plastic, film, and photographic plates. Some test charts and test patterns for electronic document imaging and facsi
30、mile applications are available in machine- readable formats on removable computer media such as magnetic tapes or disks. 5.9 Characteristics tested Test charts and test patterns are designed to measure one or more performance characteristics of document imaging components. Examples include density,
31、 legibility, mechanical operation, reduction, and resolution. 5.10 Description Narrative segments of varying length describe the specific test elements included in a given test chart or test pattern and indicate their role in image evaluation. The particular image characteristics measured by a given
32、 test element are emphasized. The description also includes additional information about the physical characteristics of a given test chart or test pattern. 5.11 Documentation Individual entries indicate the availability of printed instructions or other documentation that describes the characteristi
33、cs and operational procedures for a given test chart or test pattern. If a test chart or test pattem is based on a standard or other published specification, a reference is provided. 5.12 Comments Individual entries may include additional information, such as the history of a particular test chart o
34、r test pattern, an indication of its relationship to other charts or patterns, and a description of special operating procedures associated with image evaluation. 5 Association for Information and Image Management International COPYRIGHT Association for Information 2. A-size, portrait orientation re
35、duced 16:l; 3. B-size, landscape orientation reduced 16:l; 4. B-size, portrait orientation reduced 16:l; 5. C-size, landscape orientation reduced 16: 1; 6. =size, landscape orientation reduced 24: 1; and 7. E-size, landscape onentation reduced 24: 1. Test target no. 2 consists of one aperture card.
36、It contains resolution Patterns, including star and wedge patterns, repeated in the center and four comers of the image area. Test target no. 3 consists of five aperture cards. Each card contains a test pattem composed of three sets of parallel lines. In one of the sets, lines and spaces are of equa
37、l width. In the second set, the spaces are wider than the lines. The third set is a negative of the second. The five cards correspond to the five North American drawing sizes A through E. Test target no. 4 consists of one aperture card. It contains a test pattern to check the focus of the scanners o
38、ptics. Test target no. 5 consists of one aperture card that contains an image of an engineering drawing considered typical of those encountered in aperture card scanning applications. The drawing contains solid fill areas that can be checked for inappropriate edge effects, solid alphanumeric charact
39、ers in a title block that can be checked for - degree of fill, - light signatures in pencil that determine the scanners ability to capture faint markings, and - concentric circles and closely spaced horizontal lines that can be checked for separation. 6.3.10 Documentation: The set of targets is desc
40、ribed and test procedures are explained in ANSVAIIM MS50. 6.3.11 Comments: The aperture cards in this set of targets are scanned by the device to be tested. The resulting digitized images are viewed on an appropriate display device and printed onto paper. The displayed images and printed copies are
41、compared to previously established quality reference images. igue %Aperture card targets for MS50 (No. 2 is pictured) 10 Association for Information and Image Management International COPYRIGHT Association for Information the other card tests uniform illumination. The resolution test card contains f
42、ive numbered line patterns of the type contained in IS0 Resolution Test Chart No. 2. One of the resolution test patterns is located in the center of the aperture card image; the other four test patterns are positioned in the comers. The uniform illumination test card contains nine density patches wi
43、th a reflectance of approximately 25%. Both aperture cards are produced at a reduction of 30:l. Both test cards are silver gelatin, camera- original microforms. 6.4.10 Documentation: The two test cards and associated test procedures are described in ANSVAIIM MS46. 6.4.11 Comments: This set of test c
44、ards is designed to evaluate microform duplication involving contact printing of aperture card images onto diazo film. The test cards are duplicated by the device to be evaluated. Density and resolution characteristics of the copies are compared with those of the test cards. 11 Association for Infor
45、mation and Image Management International COPYRIGHT Association for Information and the T.563 Recommendation, which covers Group 4 facsimile. A clear discussion of facsimile standards is presented in AIM TR17. v s 1 22-9-71 iwre 7- ITU test images for facsimile transmission (TL Image No. 8 is shown)
46、 16 Association for Information and Image Management International COPYRIGHT Association for Information positive-appearing 6.12.8 Characteristics tested: Resolution, readability, square-wave, black-white threshold, halftone capabilities, transmission errors, paper feed errors 6.12.9 Description: A
47、line of bar-codes and a horizontal “V“ pattern are used to measure resolution. The target also incorporates two sets of numbered line patterns from IS0 Resolution Test Chart No. 2. One is printed vertically in the center of the target: the other appears diagonally in the lower right comer. Several w
48、edge, star, and fan patterns are designed to test line definition. To test the readability of facsimile output, alphanumeric test patterns are printed in five type fonts: NMA Microfont, OCR-B, Pica, Elite, and Spartan Medium. The Spartan medium test patterns are printed in six sizes, ranging from 2
49、points to 12 points. The targets title and copyright statement are printed in three sizes of the Times Roman font. A continuous density wedge and step tablets test the transmission and reception of halftones. In addition to evaluating the performance of gray-scale scanners, they can be used to determine the threshold point for differentiation of black and white tones. The target includes a photograph that measures 3 x 4.5 inches and contains detail in highlight and shadow, Halftone dot screens are printed beneath it. For modulation and square-wave testing, the top portion of