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1、ACI 439.3R-07 Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars Reported by ACI Committee 439 American Concrete Institute Advancing concrete knowledge Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars First Printing March 2007 ISBN 978-0-87031-239-7 Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmin
2、gton Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI. The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standard
3、s strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occa- sionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the imp
4、rovement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI. ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains
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6、d warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result
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8、. The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regula- tions, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards. Order infor
9、mation: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI. Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). American Concrete Ins
10、titute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 U.S.A. Phone:248-848-3700 Fax:248-848-3701 www.concrete.org ACI 439.3R-07 supersedes ACI 439.3R-91 (Reapproved 1999) was adopted and published March 2007. Copyright 2007, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of r
11、eproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writin
12、g is obtained from the copyright proprietors. 439.3R-1 ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the
13、significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage
14、 arising therefrom. Reference to this document shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer. Types of Mec
15、hanical Splices for Reinforcing Bars Reported by ACI Committee 439 ACI 439.3R-07 Reinforcing bar splices are key components in reinforced concrete construction. Because mechanical splices do not rely on the surrounding concrete to transfer the force between bars, splitting failures are not a concern
16、, and the strength of the splice is not sensitive to the compressive strength of the concrete or the amount of cover. Splices in reinforcing steel are grouped in three categories: lapped bars, mechanical, or welded; the focus of this report is mechanical splices. Strength capacities established in A
17、CI 318 are higher for mechanical splices than for lap splices. Several types of mechanical splices have been qualified to sustain inelastic reinforcing bar strain excursions representative of those that might be brought about by overload due to seismic activity, wind, or blast. This report provides
18、engineers and contractors with updated information about bar-to-bar mechanical splices and the types of proprietary mechanical splices currently available. There is no attempt to state conditions of accep- tance or to endorse or rate one particular mechanical splice over another. The information on
19、mechanical splices and their installation was provided by mechanical splice manufacturers. Although it was compiled by the committee, none of the information was directly verified by the committee. An attempt was made to include generic descriptions of all types of mechanical splices generally avail
20、able and sold in the North American market at the beginning of 2004; however, some mechanical splices new in the market may not be included due to lack of knowledge of their existence or because no information was submitted for inclusion at the time this report was written. Reasons for using mechani
21、cal splices, as well as various engineering considerations that should be made when specifying mechanical splices, are discussed. Mechanical splices are described in terms of seismic type, config- uration, installation procedure, clearance requirements, and other character- istics. Illustrations of
22、the various mechanical splices are included. Keywords: dowel; mechanical connection; mechanical splice; reinforced concrete; sleeve; splice. CONTENTS Chapter 1General, p. 439.3R-2 1.1Introduction 1.2Usage 1.3General considerations Chapter 2Design requirements for mechanical splices, p. 439.3R-5 2.1C
23、odes and specifications 2.2Design considerations 2.3Drawings and specifications Joseph A. BohinskyGustav G. Erlemann*Murray A. Lount*Robert C. Richardson Jean-Jacques BraunAnthony L. FelderKenneth A. LuttrellMario E. Rodriguez James L. CaldwellPaul S. FredricksonLeroy A. LutzPhilip E. Ross Domingo J
24、. CarreiraWilliam C. GallenzAdolfo B. MatamorosClifford A. Sabo Louis J. ColarussoSteven E. HoldsworthPeter MezaRobert G. Smith Christian L. DahlAllen J. HulshizerTheodore A. MizeCloyd E. (Joe) Warnes David H. DeValveJames M. LaFaveRichard A. RamseyKen Williamson Alvin C. EricsonHarry B. LancelotRoy
25、 H. ReitermanWilliam H. Zehrt Salem S. Faza *Deceased. Conrad Paulson Chair Mark D. Marvin Secretary 439.3R-2ACI COMMITTEE REPORT Chapter 3Mechanical splices and installation, p. 439.3R-7 3.1General 3.2Compression-only mechanical splices 3.3Tension-compression mechanical splices 3.4Dowel bar mechani
26、cal splices 3.5Mechanical lap splices Chapter 4Summary, p. 439.3R-18 Chapter 5References, p. 439.3R-19 5.1Referenced standards and reports 5.2Cited references CHAPTER 1GENERAL 1.1Introduction In reinforced concrete design, the engineer is faced with sizing individual members and establishing reinfor
27、cing steel types, placement requirements, and types of splices that will be used throughout the structure. Design drawings or specifications should clearly show or describe all splice locations and the required performance. The importance and necessity of clearly prescribing splice requirements is e
28、vident in ACI 318. Chapter 1 describes specific items to be included on the design drawings, details, and specifications. These items include showing the location and length of lap splices, reinforcement anchorage lengths, and the type and location of mechanical and welded splices. Chapter 12 also a
29、ddresses this subject, and states: “Splices of reinforcement shall be made only as required or permitted on design drawings, or in specifications, or as authorized by the engineer.” In beams, columns, walls and slabs, mechanical, welded and lap splices are usually permitted. The merits of each type
30、of splice should always be considered. The selection of the preferred mechanical or welded splice typically must address project- and location-specific problems in addition to cost, installation ease, and other factors. 1.1.1 Report background and scopeThis report is a revision of ACI 439.3R-91, and
31、 provides updated information about types of proprietary bar-to-bar mechanical splices generally available and sold in the North American market at the beginning of 2004. Those mechanical splice systems that have become obsolete or inactive have been removed from this report. Additionally, reference
32、s to accessories and devices that connect reinforcing bars to structural steel or to headed end anchorage devices are not included because they are outside the scope of this report. Usage and design requirements of mechanical splices, as well as size capabilities and features of selected mechanical
33、splices, are described in Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of this report. 1.1.2 Reinforcing bar designations and gradesIn accordance with the current practice of ASTM International, reinforcing bar sizes shown in this report are stated as number designations with inch-pound sizes shown first and SI sizes shown
34、 in parentheses. Likewise, grades of reinforcing bars, unless otherwise described, are referred to in terms of minimum yield strength; Grade 40 (280) has a specified yield strength of 40,000 psi (280 MPa), Grade 60 (420) has a specified yield strength of 60,000 psi (420 MPa), and Grade 75 (520) has
35、a specified yield strength of 75,000 psi (520 MPa). 1.1.3 Type 1 and Type 2 mechanical splicesThere are two primary classifications of mechanical splices, whose use is dictated by design loads in the constructed structure. Type 1 splices are used in elements where there is little concern for inelast
36、ic deformations and elevated tensile stresses from seismic events. Type 2 splices have proven, through accepted industry testing, the ability to develop the specified tensile strength of the spliced bars for resistance to elevated tensile stresses. In accordance with ACI 318, Chapter 21, Type 2 mech
37、anical splices are required to develop the specified tensile strength of the bars being spliced. Type 2 mechanical splices used with ASTM A 706/A 706M are required to develop 80,000 psi (550 MPa) minimum, and also not less than 1.25 times the actual yield strength of the bar. Type 2 mechanical splic
38、es used with ASTM A 615/A 615M Grade 60 (420) are required to develop 90,000 psi (620 MPa) minimum, and Type 2 mechanical splices used with ASTM A 615/A 615M Grade 40 (280) are required to develop 60,000 psi (420 MPa) minimum. The requirements for Type 2 mechanical splices are intended to avoid a sp
39、lice failure in locations where the reinforcement is subjected to stress levels that are expected to approach the tensile strength of the reinforcement. Lap splices are not recommended in locations where inelastic yielding could occur because such splices are not reliable under conditions of cyclic
40、loading into the inelastic range. Under such circumstances, the engineer is encouraged to specify Type 2 mechanical splices. In accordance with ACI 318, Type 1 mechanical splices should develop in tension or compression, as required, a minimum of 125% of the specified yield strength of the bar. Type
41、 1 mechanical splices are not required to satisfy the more stringent requirements for Type 2 splices. As a result, Type 1 mechanical splices may not be capable of resisting the stress and strain demands that can take place in sections where yielding of the reinforcement is likely to occur during a s
42、eismic event. For any mechanical splicing system under consideration for use, the reader should obtain supporting test information directly from the manufacturer pertaining to the particular mechanical splice device. 1.1.4 Categorization of mechanical splicesFour basic categories of mechanical splic
43、es are considered in this report. They are: 1. Compression-only mechanical splices, also known as end-bearing mechanical splices; 2. Tension-compression mechanical splices that can resist both tensile and compressive forces; 3. Dowel bar mechanical splices; and 4. Mechanical lap splices. 1.1.5 Defin
44、itionsIn this report, specific terms are defined as follows. TYPES OF MECHANICAL SPLICES FOR REINFORCING BARS439.3R-3 bar-end checkchecking the ends of reinforcing bars to determine whether they fit the devices intended for splicing the bars. couplerthreaded device for joining reinforcing bars for t
45、he purpose of providing transfer of either axial compression, axial tension, or both, from one bar to the other. position couplerthreaded device for joining reinforcing bars where bars are not rotated. A component is rotated to engage coupler threads or reinforcing bar threads. coupling sleevenonthr
46、eaded device fitting over the ends of two reinforcing bars for the purpose of providing transfer of axial compression, axial tension, or both, from one bar to the other. end-bearing sleevedevice fitting over the abutting ends of two reinforcing bars for the purpose of ensuring transfer of only axial
47、 compression from one bar to the other. mechanical lap splicecomplete assembly of a coupling sleeve device and any additional components configured to accomplish positive splicing of overlapping reinforcing bars. mechanical splicecomplete assembly of a coupler, a coupling sleeve, or an end-bearing s
48、leeve, including any additional intervening material or other components required to accomplish the splicing of reinforcing bars. (Note: “mechanical splice” was formerly called “mechanical connection” in ACI 318-95 and earlier editions.) 1.1.6 WeldingWith the exception of friction welding, which is
49、a solid-state joint process that is used in some mechanical splice systems, it is beyond the scope of this report to provide comprehensive information about welded splices or other currently available special proprietary splicing systems. Engineers are referred to the most current AWS code for welding reinforcing steel (ANSI/AWS D1.4) and the ASTM specifications for reinforcing bars, such as ASTM A 615/A 615M, A 706/A 706M, and A 996/A 996M. Information about welding of reinforcing bars is also presented in the CRSI Manual of Standard Practice. 1.2Usage Th