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1、Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 5/10/2004 Published by American National Standar
2、ds Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2004 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Amer
3、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard shou
4、ld be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Reference number ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 14496-10 First edition 2003-12-01 Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 10: Advanced vi
5、deo coding Technologies de linformation Codage des objets audiovisuels Partie 10: Codage visuel avanc Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 12:01:16 MDTNo reproductio
6、n or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed t
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9、is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per
10、mission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2003 All rights
11、 reserved Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 12:01:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) ISO/IEC 20
12、03 All rights reserved iii CONTENTS Foreword. vii 0 Introduction .viii 0.1 Prologue viii 0.2 Purpose viii 0.3 Applications viii 0.4 Profiles and levels. viii 0.5 Overview of the design characteristics.ix 0.6 How to read this specification.x 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Definitions.1 4 Abbrev
13、iations.8 5 Conventions9 5.1 Arithmetic operators9 5.2 Logical operators.9 5.3 Relational operators 10 5.4 Bit-wise operators .10 5.5 Assignment operators10 5.6 Range notation 10 5.7 Mathematical functions.10 5.8 Variables, syntax elements, and tables11 5.9 Text description of logical operations.12
14、5.10 Processes.13 6 Source, coded, decoded and output data formats, scanning processes, and neighbouring relationships.13 6.1 Bitstream formats13 6.2 Source, decoded, and output picture formats 14 6.3 Spatial subdivision of pictures and slices16 6.4 Inverse scanning processes and derivation processe
15、s for neighbours .17 7 Syntax and semantics 28 7.1 Method of describing syntax in tabular form28 7.2 Specification of syntax functions, categories, and descriptors29 7.3 Syntax in tabular form.30 7.4 Semantics47 8 Decoding process81 8.1 NAL unit decoding process.81 8.2 Slice decoding process82 8.3 I
16、ntra prediction process.100 8.4 Inter prediction process.111 8.5 Transform coefficient decoding process and picture construction process prior to deblocking filter process .133 8.6 Decoding process for P macroblocks in SP slices or SI macroblocks.140 8.7 Deblocking filter process 145 9 Parsing proce
17、ss.155 9.1 Parsing process for Exp-Golomb codes 155 9.2 CAVLC parsing process for transform coefficient levels .158 9.3 CABAC parsing process for slice data166 Annex A (normative) Profiles and levels.204 A.1 Requirements on video decoder capability204 A.2 Profiles204 A.3 Levels205 Annex B (normative
18、) Byte stream format.212 B.1 Byte stream NAL unit syntax and semantics 212 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 12:01:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted w
19、ithout license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) iv ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved B.2 Byte stream NAL unit decoding process212 B.3 Decoder byte-alignment recovery (informative).213 Annex C (normative) Hypothetical reference decoder214 C.4 Operation of coded picture buffer (CPB)216 C.5 Opera
20、tion of the decoded picture buffer (DPB)218 C.6 Bitstream conformance.219 C.7 Decoder conformance.221 Annex D (normative) Supplemental enhancement information.224 D.8 SEI payload syntax.224 D.9 SEI payload semantics232 Annex E (normative) Video usability information.250 E.10 VUI syntax250 E.11 VUI s
21、emantics 252 Annex F (informative) Patent Rights262 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 6-1 Nominal vertical and horizontal locations of 4:2:0 luma and chroma samples in a frame 15 Figure 6-2 Nominal vertical and horizontal sampling locations of samples top and bottom fields.16 Figure 6-3 A picture with 11 by 9
22、macroblocks that is partitioned into two slices .16 Figure 6-4 Partitioning of the decoded frame into macroblock pairs. .17 Figure 6-5 Macroblock partitions, sub-macroblock partitions, macroblock partition scans, and sub-macroblock partition scans.18 Figure 6-6 Scan for 4x4 luma blocks.19 Figure 6-7
23、 Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock20 Figure 6-8 Neighbouring macroblocks for a given macroblock in MBAFF frames21 Figure 6-9 Determination of the neighbouring macroblock, blocks, and partitions (informative)22 Figure 7-1 The structure of an access unit not containing any NAL units with
24、 nal_unit_type equal to 0, 7, 8, or in the range of 12 to 31, inclusive 52 Figure 8-1 Intra_4x4 prediction mode directions (informative)102 Figure 8-2 Example for temporal direct-mode motion vector inference (informative)121 Figure 8-3 Directional segmentation prediction (informative)122 Figure 8-4
25、Integer samples (shaded blocks with upper-case letters) and fractional sample positions (un-shaded blocks with lower-case letters) for quarter sample luma interpolation. .127 Figure 8-5 Fractional sample position dependent variables in chroma interpolation and surrounding integer position samples A,
26、 B, C, and D. .129 Figure 8-6 Assignment of the indices of dcY to luma4x4BlkIdx134 Figure 8-7 Assignment of the indices of dcC to chroma4x4BlkIdx135 Figure 8-8 a) Zig-zag scan. b) Field scan135 Figure 8-9 Boundaries in a macroblock to be filtered (luma boundaries shown with solid lines and chroma bo
27、undaries shown with dashed lines)145 Figure 8-10 Convention for describing samples across a 4x4 block horizontal or vertical boundary.148 Figure 9-1 Illustration of CABAC parsing process for a syntax element SE (informative)167 Figure 9-2 Overview of the arithmetic decoding process for a single bin
28、(informative).193 Figure 9-3 Flowchart for decoding a decision.194 Figure 9-4 Flowchart of renormalization.196 Figure 9-5 Flowchart of bypass decoding process.197 Figure 9-6 Flowchart of decoding a decision before termination198 Figure 9-7 Flowchart for encoding a decision.199 Figure 9-8 Flowchart o
29、f renormalization in the encoder.200 Figure 9-9 Flowchart of PutBit(B) 200 Figure 9-10 Flowchart of encoding bypass201 Figure 9-11 Flowchart of encoding a decision before termination202 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=IHS Employees/111
30、1111001, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 12:01:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved v Figure 9-12 Flowchart of flushing at termination202 Figure C-1 Structure of byte streams and NAL un
31、it streams for HRD conformance checks.214 Figure C-2 HRD buffer model.215 Figure E-1 Location of chroma samples for top and bottom fields as a function of chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field and chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field 257 LIST OF TABLES Table 6-1 ChromaFormatFactor values14 Table 6-2 Speci
32、fication of input and output assignments for subclauses 6.4.7.1 to 6.4.7.5.21 Table 6-3 Specification of mbAddrN.25 Table 6-4 - Specification of mbAddrN and yM27 Table 7-1 NAL unit type codes48 Table 7-2 Meaning of primary_pic_type .58 Table 7-3 Name association to slice_type61 Table 7-4 reordering_
33、of_pic_nums_idc operations for reordering of reference picture lists.66 Table 7-5 Interpretation of adaptive_ref_pic_marking_mode_flag.68 Table 7-6 Memory management control operation (memory_management_control_operation) values .68 Table 7-7 Allowed collective macroblock types for slice_type.70 Tab
34、le 7-8 Macroblock types for I slices.71 Table 7-9 Macroblock type with value 0 for SI slices .72 Table 7-10 Macroblock type values 0 to 4 for P and SP slices73 Table 7-11 Macroblock type values 0 to 22 for B slices74 Table 7-12 Specification of CodedBlockPatternChroma values75 Table 7-13 Relationshi
35、p between intra_chroma_pred_mode and spatial prediction modes76 Table 7-14 Sub-macroblock types in P macroblocks.77 Table 7-15 Sub-macroblock types in B macroblocks 78 Table 8-1 Refined slice group map type 86 Table 8-2 Specification of Intra4x4PredMode luma4x4BlkIdx and associated names101 Table 8-
36、3 Specification of Intra16x16PredMode and associated names107 Table 8-4 Specification of Intra chroma prediction modes and associated names.109 Table 8-5 Specification of the variable colPic.115 Table 8-6 Specification of PicCodingStruct( X ).116 Table 8-7 Specification of mbAddrCol, yM, and vertMvS
37、cale .117 Table 8-8 Assignment of prediction utilization flags.119 Table 8-9 Derivation of the vertical component of the chroma vector in field coding mode.124 Table 8-10 Differential full-sample luma locations.127 Table 8-11 Assignment of the luma prediction sample predPartLXL xL, yL .129 Table 8-1
38、2 Specification of mapping of idx to cij for zig-zag and field scan.136 Table 8-13 Specification of QPC as a function of qPI136 Table 8-14 Derivation of indexA and indexB from offset dependent threshold variables and .152 Table 8-15 Value of filter clipping variable tC0 as a function of indexA and b
39、S153 Table 9-1 Bit strings with “prefix” and “suffix” bits and assignment to codeNum ranges (informative)155 Table 9-2 Exp-Golomb bit strings and codeNum in explicit form and used as ue(v) (informative)156 Table 9-3 Assignment of syntax element to codeNum for signed Exp-Golomb coded syntax elements
40、se(v)156 Table 9-4 Assignment of codeNum to values of coded_block_pattern for macroblock prediction modes157 Table 9-5 coeff_token mapping to TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) and TrailingOnes( coeff_token ).160 Table 9-6 Codeword table for level_prefix163 Table 9-7 total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with To
41、talCoeff( coeff_token ) 1 to 7 .164 Table 9-8 total_zeros tables for 4x4 blocks with TotalCoeff( coeff_token ) 8 to 15 .164 Table 9-9 total_zeros tables for chroma DC 2x2 blocks165 Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=IHS Employees/11111110
42、01, User=OConnor, Maurice Not for Resale, 04/29/2007 12:01:16 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO/IEC 14496-10:2003(E) vi ISO/IEC 2003 All rights reserved Table 9-10 Tables for run_before165 Table 9-11 Association of ctxIdx and syntax elements for each slice
43、 type in the initialisation process168 Table 9-12 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 0 to 10.169 Table 9-13 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 11 to 23.169 Table 9-14 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 24 to 39.169 Table 9-15 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 40
44、to 53.169 Table 9-16 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 54 to 59.170 Table 9-17 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 60 to 69.170 Table 9-18 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 70 to 104.170 Table 9-19 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 105 to 165.171 Table 9-20 Valu
45、es of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 166 to 226.172 Table 9-21 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 227 to 275.173 Table 9-22 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 277 to 337.174 Table 9-23 Values of variables m and n for ctxIdx from 338 to 398.175 Table 9-24 Syntax elements and asso
46、ciated types of binarization, maxBinIdxCtx, and ctxIdxOffset 177 Table 9-25 Bin string of the unary binarization (informative).178 Table 9-26 Binarization for macroblock types in I slices180 Table 9-27 Binarization for macroblock types in P, SP, and B slices .181 Table 9-28 Binarization for sub-macr
47、oblock types in P, SP, and B slices.182 Table 9-29 Assignment of ctxIdxInc to binIdx for all ctxIdxOffset values except those related to the syntax elements coded_block_flag, significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_flag, and coeff_abs_level_minus1 184 Table 9-30 Assignment of ctxIdxBlockCatOf
48、fset to ctxBlockCat for syntax elements coded_block_flag, significant_coeff_flag, last_significant_coeff_flag, and coeff_abs_level_minus1.185 Table 9-31 Specification of ctxIdxInc for specific values of ctxIdxOffset and binIdx191 Table 9-32 Specification of ctxBlockCat for the different blocks.192 Table 9-33 Specification of rangeTabLPS depending on pStateIdx and qCodIRangeIdx.195 Table 9-34 State transition table196 Table A-1 Leve