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1、ACRP Problem No. 09-02-19 Recommended: Yes Alternative Gas Turbine Fuels as a Means to Reduce Airport PM2.5 Emissions ACRP Staff This is another quality research proposal that does not necessarily duplicate or overlap with other ACRP research but builds on projects already underway in ACRP and relat
2、ed research programs. In addition, the authors of the problem statement are actively involved in those other efforts. Avoiding overlap is something that would need to be incorporated into the project. TRB Aviation Group Environmental Impacts of Aviation Cmte: Appears to be a good exercise of assessi
3、ng the impacts of future fuel scenarios. Timeframe and funding level seem adequate. Recommend funding. Panel for Environmental Emphasis The Environmental Panel expressed support for the topic but is concerned that there may be parallel or overlap with other non-ACRP research in the industry. This pr
4、oblem statement has interest but is not a priority for ACRP research. A AC CR RP P Problem Number Problem Number 09-02-19 PROBLEM TITLE Alternative Gas Turbine Fuels as a Means to Reduce Airport PM2.5 Emissions II. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT There are currently sixty-one airports located in nonattai
5、nment areas for PM2,5. As demand for air travel continues to grow, airports are facing increased pressure to reduce their contribution to local emissions. Alternatives to petroleum-derived Jet A show promise in dramatically reducing the sulfur and aromatic content of jet fuel, therefore, resulting i
6、n a decrease in PM emissions from turbine-powered aircraft. Regions of the country whose air quality exceeds the limits imposed by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are required to develop a plan to bring the affected area back into attainment. This project aims to determine the deg
7、ree to which introducing a low-sulfur and/or low-aromatic alternative to standard petroleum-derived Jet A at select airports within PM2.5 nonattainment areas can be an effective means of reducing PM emissions for the region. III. OBJECTIVE This project will result in case studies conducted at candid
8、ate airports, to be determined through the research, to employ the use of an alternative to Jet A as a means of reducing overall PM2.5 emission concentrations in a PM nonattainment area. IV. RESEARCH PROPOSED The following tasks are envisioned to achieve the objective stated in section III: 1. Condu
9、ct a literature review on the following: determine the current list of airports located in PM2.5 nonattainment areas, identify the fuel options that are available to commercial aviation within the next decade, summarize the challenges and opportunities in implementing these fuel options at an airpor
10、t. 2. Assess the anticipated properties (specifically, sulfur content, aromatic content, energy content and density) of commercially viable alternatives to Jet A that are expected to be available over the next decade, evaluate how these properties could result in reduced airport PM2.5 emissions, and
11、 synthesize recent alternative fuel emissions measurements to create methodologies to estimate primary PM emissions and secondary PM emissions precursors (e.g., nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons) from alternative jet fuel combustion in gas turbine engines. 3. Leveraging the r
12、esults from #1 and #2, determine the relative contribution of each of the airports to the nonattainment areas total annual PM2.5 emissions for the current year and in 2015 using both petroleum-derived Jet A and a range of alternative fuel blends that may be commercially available. The FAA Emission a
13、nd Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS) tool or similar may be necessary to estimate the airport emissions. 4. Identify candidate airports that have the greatest potential reduction in PM2.5 emissions through the use of an alternative fuel based on the analysis in #3. 5. Conduct a literature review of
14、methodologies for assessing the full life cycle PM2.5 emissions for each of the fuels considered. Determine if these emissions can practically be included in the analysis. 6. Prepare an interim report discussing the findings in #1 - #6. The interim report should also include an updated plan for the
15、completion of #7 that is based on the interim report findings. 7. Expand the analysis of #3, #4, and #5 to estimate the potential reduction in local and regional PM2.5 concentrations that could be achieved through the use of an alternative fuel at two to four of the candidate airports identified in
16、#4. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model or similar tool may be necessary to complete the regional air quality analysis. 8. Prepare a final report and recommendations for airports to consider using an alternative to Jet A as a strategy for reducing PM2.5 emission concentrations. The rep
17、ort should also describe the methodologies used for estimating PM emissions and their precursors and it should be presented in a form that can be used as a framework for future analyses. V. ESTIMATE OF THE PROBLEM FUNDING AND RESEARCH PERIOD Recommended Funding: $500,000 Research Period: 18 Months V
18、I. URGENCY AND PAYOFF POTENTIAL This project will result in concrete recommendations for which airports would benefit the most from being “early adopters” of alternative fuels in terms of reducing PM2.5 emissions. Adopting these recommendations has the potential to bring PM2.5 emissions relief to af
19、fected PM2.5 nonattainment areas. In addition, the final report will include a framework for assessing lifecycle PM2.5 emissions that will be useful for future analyses. VII. RELATED RESEARCH Seven current projects are directly relevant to this problem statement and their findings could complement t
20、he researched proposed. They are: o ACRP 02-07: “Handbook for Analyzing the Costs and Benefits of alternative Turbine Engine Fuels at Airports” o ACRP 02-08: “Guidance for Quantifying the Contribution of Airport Emissions to Local Air Quality” o PARTNER Project 17: “Alternative Fuels” o PARTNER Proj
21、ect 20: “Emissions Characteristics of Alternative Aviation Fuels” o PARTNER Project 27: “Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis of Ultra Low Sulfur Jet Fuel” o PARTNER Project 28: “Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis of Alternative Jet Fuels” o AAFEX: “Alternative Aviation Fuels EXperiment” This experi
22、ment was conducted in January 2009 in Palmdale CA and will result in a database that is free of proprietary restrictions. VIII. PERSON(S) DEVELOPING THE PROBLEM Dr. James Hileman Research Engineer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Building 31, Room 214 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139 (
23、617) 452-2879 hilemanmit.edu Dr. Richard Miake-Lye Director, Center for Aero-Thermodynamics Aerodyne Research, Inc. 45 Manning Road Billerica, MA 01821-3976 (978) 932-0251 Dr. Saravanan Arunachalam Research Assistant Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 137 E Franklin St, Suite 656
24、 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-6116 (919) 966-2126 saravunc.edu Mr. Richard Altman Executive Director, Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI) (860) 721-8634 IX. PROCESS USED TO DEVELOP PROBLEM STATEMENT This problem statement was generated through coordination among members of the PARTNER
25、 COE (CAAFI, Aerodyne, UNC Chapel Hill, and MIT) based on their experience to date with alternative fuels research and the air quality challenges faced by the airport community. X. DATE AND SUBMITTED BY April 12, 2009 Dr. James Hileman Dr. Richard Miake-Lye Dr. Saravanan Arunachalam Mr. Richard Altman (contact information is provided in section VIII)