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1、AGMA 6022-C 93 Ob87575 0003389 570 ANSIIAGMA 6022493 (Revision of AGMA 341.02) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Design Manual for Cylindrical Wormgearing AGMA STANDARD AGMA 6022-C 93 = 0687575 OOl33390 292 Design Manual for Cylindrical Wormgearing AGMA 6022-C93 (Revision and Redesignation of AGMA 341.02)
2、Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreem
3、ent has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of Ame
4、rican National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect precludeanyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standa
5、rds Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute.
6、Requests for interpretation of this standard should be addressed to the American Gear Manufacturers Association. CAUTION NOTICE: AGMA standards are subject to constant improvement, revision or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to any AGMATechnical Publication should determi
7、ne that it is the latest information available from the Association on the subject. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit line should read: Extracted from AGMA 6022-C93, Design Manual for Cylindricaal Wormgearing, with the permission of the pub
8、lisher, American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1500 King Street, Alexandria, Virginia 2231 4.1 Approved December 16, 1993 American National Standards Institute, Inc. ABSTRACT: This Design Manual provides information pertaining to selection of geometric parameters which will constitute good design
9、of fine and coarse pitch cylindrical wormgearing. The power rating for fine and coarse pitch wormgearing is not included in this design manual but can be found in AGMA 6034, Practice for Enclosed Cylindrical Worrngear Speed Reducers and Gearmotors. Copyright O, 1993 by American Gear Manufacturers As
10、sociation Published by American Gear Manufacturers Association 1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314 ISBN: 1-55589-61 8-9 ii -,-,- AGMA b022-C 93 0687575 0003393 129 ANSUAGMA 6022493 Contents Page Foreword vi 1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.5. 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.
11、2 5.3 5.4 5.5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Scope . 1 Uses of wormgearing 1 Intended use 1 Symbols. terms and definitions 1 Characteristics of wormgearing . 3 Loading 4 Ratios . 4 Conjugate action 5 Thread profile of worm . 5 Accuracy requirements . 8 Design procedure 1 0 Number of tee
12、th in the wormgear . 1 0 Number of threads in the worm . 1 0 Worm pitch diameter 10 Wormgear pitch diameter 10 Worm axial pitch . 10 Worm lead 11 Lead angle of the worm . 11 Pressure angle . 1 1 Customary thread and tooth proportions . 11 Modified tooth proportions . 14 High contact ratio designs .
13、14 Stub tooth designs 15 Recess and approach action . 15 Design for additional or full recess action 15 General design considerations 3 Alternative design for additional or full recess action gearing 16 Contact patterns . 16 Initial contact for power drive wormgearing 17 Unacceptable initial contact
14、 17 Mounting and assembly problems and their effects on initial contact patterns . 17 Other causes of vanations in initial contact patterns . 18 Wormgear contact under load 19 Special initial wormgear contact 19 Run-in procedures . 19 Definition of run-in . 19 Results of run-in . 20 Initial running
15、at full load 20 Initial friction at the mesh 20 Recommended run-in period 20 Wormgear pitting . 20 iii -,-,- AGMA b022-C 93 Ob87575 0003372 Ob5 D ANSUAGMA 6022-C93 Contents (cont) . Page 8 Rating and efficiency 20 9 Wormgear blank design . 20 9.1 Typical wormgear blank configuration . 21 9.2 Wormgea
16、r web configuration . 21 9.3 Wormgear hub design 21 10 Worm manufacturing practices . 21 10.1 Worm thread milling 21 10.2 Worm thread milling with multiple milling cutters 22 10.3 Worm thread hobbing . 22 10.4 Worm thread generating with a shaper cutter 22 10.5 Worm thread rolling . 22 10.6 Worm thr
17、ead grinding . 22 11 Wormgear manufacturing practices . 22 11.1 Wormgear hobs 22 11.2 Wormgear hob design 23 11.3 Wormgear fiyhobbing . 23 12 Materials and heat treatment . 23 12.1 Worm materials 24 12.2 Wormgear materials 25 13 Lubrication 25 13.1 Regimes of lubrication 25 13.2 Mineraloils 25 13.3
18、Synthetic oils 25 13.4 Splash lubrication 25 13.5 Forced feed lubrication 26 14 Analysis of gearing forces. worm bending stress. and deflection . 26 14.1 Tangential. separating. and thrust forces 27 14.2 Worm bearing reactions . 27 14.3 Worm bending stress . 28 14.4 Allowable worm bending stress 28
19、14.5 Worm deflection 28 15 Assembly procedures . 29 15.1 The housing . 29 15.2 Position tolerance 29 15.3 Contact pattern check . 29 15.4 Backlash check 30 15.5 End play check . 30 Tables 1 2 3 Symbols used in equations . 1 Suggested minimum number of wormgear teeth for customary designs 10 Suggeste
20、d minimum number of wormgear teeth for modified designs . 16 iv AGHA 6022-C 93 m Ob87575 0003393 TTL m ANSUAGMA 6022493 Contents (cont) Page Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 Lines of contact on wormgear teeth 3 Relative radii of curvature 4 Number of teeth
21、 in contact 4 Rack profiles of worms . 5 Form ZA . 6 Form ZN . 6 Form ZK . 7 Form Z I 7 Profile measurement of form Z I . 8 Tooth spacing accuracy changes . 30 tooth wormgear . 9 Tooth spacing accuracy changes . 29 tooth wormgear . 9 Variation of lead angle 11 Normal chordal thread thickness of worm
22、 12 Worm face width . 13 Wormgear face width . 14 Wormgear basic dimensions . customary proportions . 14 Approach and recess action . customary proportions . 15 Approach and recess action . modified proportions . 17 Initial no-load wormgear contact . 18 even ratio (40/2 = 20 ratio) . 19 Special init
23、ial ndoad wormgear contact 19 Typical wormgear blank configuration minimum rim thickness 21 Generation of wormgear teeth . 22 Hobbing of wormgears 24 Flytool hobbing of wormgears 24 Worm and wormgear forces . RH thread 27 Worm bearing reactions . 28 Equivalent beam for worm . 28 Initial ndoad wormge
24、ar contact variations due to wormgear tooth spacing errors Annexes A B C D Formulas for worm thread profiles 31 Sources of information concerning hob design . 34 Worm thread profiles - axial sections . 35 Sources of formulas used for determining worm thread profiles . 33 -,-,- AGMA 6022-C 93 Ob87575
25、 000339L1 738 = ANSVAGMA 6022-C93 FOREWORD The foreword, footnotes, and annexes, if any, are provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as part of AGMA 6022-C93, Design Manual for Cylindrical Wormgearing (formerly 341.02, Design of General Industrial Coarse-Pitch Cylindrica
26、l Wormgearing) . The standard provides a broad range of design parameters for fine and coarse pitch cylindrical wormgearing which would constitute feasible design, within which the designer may search for a betterdesign. The greatest possible latitude for design has been sought. The earlier standard
27、 AGMA 341.01, was approved by the AGMA membership in June 1955, and AGMA 341 .O2 was approved by the membership in December 1964 and reaffirmed in May 1970. Standard AGMA 374.01, Design for Fine-Pitch Wormgearing is being withdrawn. Data contained herein represents a consensus from among engineering
28、 representatives of member companies of AGMA and other interested parties. AGMA Standards are subject to constant improvement, revision, or withdrawal as dictated by experience. Any person who refers to AGMA technical publications should satisfy himself that he has the latest information available f
29、rom the Association on the subject matter. Tables or other self-supporting sections may be quoted or extracted in their entirety. Credit should read Extracted from AGMA 6022-C93, Design Manual for Cylndrical Worrngeaing, with permission of the publisher, the American Gear Manufacturers Association,
30、1500 King Street, Suite 201, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. -,-,- AGMA 6022-C 93 Ob87575 0003395 74 ANSVAGMA 6022493 PERSONNEL of the AGMA Cylindrical Wormgearing Committee B Chairman: Joseph R. DeMarais . Bison Gear and Engineering Editor: Richard J. Will . IMO-Delroyd ACTIVE MEMBERS Gregory Georgalas
31、 Dorr-Oliver Inc. Werner H. Heller Peerless-Winsmith, Inc Vadim Kin M for example, a 1 inch (25.4 mm) center distance 20 : 1 design could be made as a 20/1 design but a 36 inch (914.4 mm) center distance wormgear would be more likely designed with 59 or 60 teeth in the wormgear and 3-threads in the
32、worm for a 59/3 = 1 9 4 3 or 60/3 = 20 ratio. 4112 = 20-1/2 20“ Pressure Angle 80/4 = 20-014 20“ Pressure Angle Figure 3 - Number of teeth in contact 4 -,-,- In the design or selection of ratios requiring multiple thread worms, there are two tooth combination systems that can be used. One is the eve
33、n number system where the number of teeth in the wormgear can be evenly divided by the number of threads in the worm, for example (40/2 = 20:l). The hunting tooth ratio system uses a combination of wormgear teeth and worm threads where the number of teeth in the wormgear is not evenly divisible by t
34、he threads of the worm, for example (39/2 = 1 9 . 5 : l ) . Over the years, there has been a difference of opinion of the benefit of one system over the other. Utilizing current state of the art manufacturing equipment, tools, and technology has resulted in either of the two systems performing suita
35、bly in virtually all types of applications. In designs requiring precision, motion transmission, or designs that are extremely cost sensitive, further investigation of the hunting tooth wormgear system versus even number wormgear system may be required. 3.4 Coniuriate action - - For gears, two surfa
36、ces are conjugate if one generates the other when both are rotated at a specified relative uniform motion. In wormgearing, the worm, when rotated, results in a series of rack profiles being advanced along its axis as shown in figure 4. the hob that generates the wormgear teeth has an identical serie
37、s of rack sections that generate the wormgear teeth, so that conjugate action in a wormgear is essentially the same as conjugate action between a rack and pinion. The particular shape of the rack profiles from tip to root does not affect the conjugacy as long as the worm and the wormgear hob have th
38、e same profile type and pressure angle (see figure 4). 3.5 Thread profile of worm The thread profile or shape of the thread flanks can be described by the method used for the manufac- ture of the worm. No limitation is placed on the method used except that the hob or tooling used to produce the worm
39、gear should have substantially the same profile as the worm so that the mating wormgear has proper contact with the worm, and the gear pair provides uniform transmission of motion. Sometip and root relief forthe wormgear as well as oversize and short lead for the hob is frequently used to provide “c
40、rowning” of the worm- gear teeth to assure the uniform transmission of motion and prevent excessive noise, dynamic loads, and vibration. Because of the number of different thread profiles in use, it i s generally desirable that the worm and wormgear be manufac- tured by the same supplier to assure p
41、roper mating. While successful applicationsare possible with any of the common thread forms in use, some profiles As can be seen in figure 4, the center section has identical pressure angles on both flanks but off- center sections are not symmetrical. In any case, are more suited to particular appli
42、cations than others depending on speed, ratio and degree of accuracy required. Section A-A Section B-B I Section C-C 5 Figure 4 - Rack profiles of worms -,-,- ALMA 6022-C 93 m Ob87575 0003402 834 m AN SIIAGMA 6022-C93 3.5.1 Straight sided axial profile - Form ZA This profile can be produced with a s
43、traight sided lathe tool placed on the axial plane as shown in figure 5. If a rotary milling cutter or a grinding wheel is used to produce a ZA profile worm thread, such a cuiter or grinding wheel would require convex profiledcutting edges. Profile variations of the worm are easily checked for this
44、Form ZA profile since it is astraight line in the axial plane. The central section of the mating wormgear is theoretically an involute shape and its profile variations can be checked with an involute checker. Top View Side View Figure 5 - Form ZA 3.5.2 Straight sided normal profile - Form ZN This pr
45、ofile is produced with a straight sided lathe tool with its cutting face tilted to the lead angle of the thread at its mean diameter as shown in figure 6. As with Form ZA profiles, a suitably convex profiled rotary or conical milling cuiter or grinding wheel would have to be used to produce Form ZN
46、profile. Top View Side View h, = lead angle at worm mean diameter Figure 6 - Form ZN 3.5.3 Profile resulting from straight sided rotary milling cutter or grinding wheel - Form ZK This profile is a convex profile in the axial and normal planes of the worm resulting from the use of a straight sided mi
47、lling cutter or grinding wheel with its axis tilted to the lead angle of the thread at its mean diameter. The center plane of the cutter or wheel must intersect the axis of the worm at the centerline of the thread space. The shape of the thread flank produced is dependent on the diameter of the cutt
48、er or grinding wheel due to the generating action of the tool. See figure 7. Profile variations of Form ZK profiles on finished worms must be measured relative to a convex curve with a varying pressure angle, top to bottom, and as a result are not as easily determined. The main advantage of this form is the ease of sharpening the cuiter or dressing the grinding wheel. 6 -,-,- AGHA 6022-C 93 m Ob87575 0003V03 770 m Top View h m= lead angle at worm mean diameter Figure 7 - Form ZK 3.5.4 Involute helicoid - Form ZI This thread profile can be produced one flank at a time by a fla