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1、ACRP Problem No. 10-10-07 Recommended: Yes Airport Terminal Lighting Standards and Practices ACRP Staff The scope of this problem statement appears to continue from ACRP Synthesis 10, Airport Sustainability Practices and ACRP synthesis project S10-04, Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction. TR
2、B Aviation Group Airport Terminals and Ground Access Cmte: There are no standards available for the lighting of airport terminals. Airport terminal architects report that selecting the appropriate lighting is a difficult task given that lighting is among the largest energy consumers and the need for
3、 apporopriate lighting levels and types to allow for employees to work efficiently and for passengers to feel comfortable. OUTLINE FOR AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM PROBLEM STATEMENTS A AC CR RP P Problem Number Problem Number 10-10-07 RRD 5 Topic: Reducing Energy Consumption FY2010 Focus Are
4、a: I. PROBLEM TITLE Airport Terminal Lighting Standards and Practices. II. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT Light levels in airport terminals vary greatly among systems, cities and countries. The main terminal at Tokyo Narita Airport uses a relatively low light level, while Los Angeles International Airpo
5、rt uses much brighter lighting. The reason for these differences is not well-known, and the effect of different light levels on passengers using airport terminals, staff performing their duties, and security has not been studied systematically. Defining adequate airport terminal lighting depends upo
6、n the user groups targeted. For example, older adults, a growing force in the air travel industry, experience changes in their visual systems as they age. Older people need more light to see, are more sensitive to glare, and cannot adapt to large changes in brightness. By 2025 it is anticipated that
7、 20% of the United States population 63 millionwill be 65 years and older. Adequate lighting in airport terminals is essential not only to avoid potential accidents, such as trips and falls, but also to encourage older adults to travel. These people will have the time and money to fly, but may be de
8、terred from doing so if transportation services, including terminals, offer an inhospitable environment. Adequate airport terminal lighting is also important for individuals who work in transportation terminals, and the executive staff who manage them. The level and quality of lighting can not only
9、facilitate performance of visual tasks, but can also contribute to employee alertness, making it easier for airport employees to carry out their responsibilities. This is particularly crucial to facilitate personnel who are charged with ensuring passenger security and working early morning or late n
10、ight shifts. Just as important, well-designed lighting can increase energy-savings in airport terminals. The type of lighting also has a major bearing on energy usage and airport utility costs, which need to be kept under tight control by airport management. III. OBJECTIVE The objective of this rese
11、arch is to identify gaps between current lighting practices and standards in airport terminals and to determine the potential energy savings associated with airport terminal lighting. We will also assess the effectiveness of current lighting practices in meeting the visual requirements of passengers
12、 at different ages as well as the visual requirements of airport employees. We will also assess lighting practices as it may affect he alertness and well-being of airport employees working early-morning and late- night shifts. IV. RESEARCH PROPOSED The following tasks are being proposed to be execut
13、ed in this research project 1. Literature Review. This research will review the literature to identify the current practices and standards used in airport terminal lighting in terms of lighting quantity, spectrum, distribution, and energy-efficiency, as well as present some examples of the applicati
14、on of these standards in specific airport terminals. 2. Survey of lighting levels in existing airport terminals. A surveys will be conducted to document the lighting characteristics currently found in airport terminals (quantity, spectrum, distribution, timing and duration) as it affects the visual
15、systems of the users of airport terminals, as well as the alertness and well-being of those working in transportation terminals 3. Document required lighting practices and standards. Assess the effectiveness of current lighting practices in meeting the visual requirements of passengers at different
16、ages. This report will also discuss how lighting can help with improving visual information for those airport terminal users who are 65 years of age or older. Lighting principles for the aging eye have been developed and applied by researchers at Rensselaers Lighting Research Center. Those lighting
17、principles are well-understood and can be applied to airport terminals, as applicable. This research will also assess the effectiveness of current lighting practices in improving alertness of those working early- hours and late-night shifts. It is known that the lighting requirements for the visual
18、system are different than those for promoting alertness and well-being. This research project will assess the effectiveness of current lighting standards and practices in promoting alertness and, performance of employees. 4. Identify gaps between current lighting practices and standards in airport t
19、erminals. Finally the synthesis will identify any gaps between the requirements that are needed to meet the needs of the target groups and current lighting practices and standards. The assessment will focus on the vision requirements as well as the requirements needed to maintain alertness and perfo
20、rmance. 5. Analyze potential energy savings and benefit/cost relationships. Attention will also be given to the cost effectiveness of improved lighting systems and the potential to save on energy usage The potential energy savings associated with airport terminal lighting would be determine (for lar
21、ge, medium, and small terminals). The payoff potentials related to energy-savings and possible increase in productivity can be significant if there is a better understanding of the current lighting practices. Further, a better understanding of how current lighting practices in airport terminals can
22、be improved to meet the needs of the aging eye can help encourage older adults to travel. Finally, new lighting technologies and applications have been developed in recent years that can allow airport terminal management to reduce costs associated with energy usage. 6. Document findings. A draft and
23、 final report documenting the findings and conclusions, and suggesting solutions for improvement in lighting standards and practices (when applicable) will be prepared. V. ESTIMATE OF THE PROBLEM FUNDING AND RESEARCH PERIOD The estimated funding for the project is $350,000 and the research period is
24、 18 months. VI. URGENCY AND PAYOFF POTENTIAL This research is crucial to ensure that airport terminal lighting meets the needs of airport users, including the older adult travelers, enables airport security personnel to carry out their responsibilities during their shifts, and assists airport manage
25、ment in controlling energy costs. Lighting accounts for 22% of the total electric energy use in the US and airport terminals have lighting systems that are in operation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This research will provide some insight into the potential energy savings associated with lighting i
26、n airport terminals around the nation. This report will also discuss how lighting can help with improving visual information for those airport terminal users who are 65 years of age or older. Finally, this research will also discuss how lighting can help with maintaining alertness of those employees
27、 working early- morning and late-night shifts. Humans are diurnal species and expected to be awake during the daylight hours and asleep during the nighttime hours. Performing cognitive tasks during nighttime hours may result in decrement in performance. Light of certain characteristics applied at ni
28、ght have been shown to increase objective and subjective alertness and improve certain types of performance. The payoff potentials related to energy-savings and possible increase in productivity can be significant if there is a better understanding of the current lighting practices. Further, a bette
29、r understanding of how current lighting practices in airport terminals can be improved to meet the needs of the aging eye can help encourage older adults to travel. VII. RELATED RESEARCH Lighting principles for the aging eye have been developed and applied by researchers at Rensselaers Lighting Rese
30、arch Center. Those lighting principles are well-understood and can be applied to airport terminals, as applicable. Research on the lights effect on alertness and well being of those working night-shift has also been conducted by various laboratories around the world. It is now well established that
31、quantities of white light higher than the ones typically found in indoor environments are needed to maintain high alertness and improve performance of those working at night. Finally, new lighting technologies and applications have been developed in recent years that can allow airport terminal manag
32、ement to reduce costs associated with energy usage. VIII. PERSON(S) DEVELOPING THE PROBLEM Mariana Figueiro, PhD Program Director Assistant Professor Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 21 Union Street Troy, NY 12180 518 687-7142 518 687-7120 (fax) Harry P. Wolfe HW Consulting
33、 5634 North 12th St Phoenix, Arizona 85014 602 279-7356 623-203-7642 IX. PROCESS USED TO DEVELOP PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem statement was a collaborative effort of Harry P. Wolfe and Mariana Figueiro. Input was also received from Dr., Kit Mitchell, co-chair of the TRB Committee on Accessible Transportation and Mobility Russell Thatcher, Chair of the Research Subcommittee, TRB Committee on Accessible Transportation and Mobility and Jim Crites, Chair of the TRB Aviation Group. X. DATE AND SUBMITTED BY April 9, 2009; submitted by Harry P. Wolfe and Dr. Mariana Figueiro.