《AIAA-R-023A-1995.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《AIAA-R-023A-1995.pdf（176页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 - STD-AIAA R-023A-ENGL 1775 Ob9553Li UOO23L5 LTb ANS I/Al AA R-023A-1995 =Recommended Practicel Human-Computer Interfaces for Space System Operations , , , I V 3 1 Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001,
2、 User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:01:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD.AIAA R-023A-ENGL 1795 Ob75534 0002336 O32 ANSIIAIAA R-023A-1995 American National Standard Recommended Practice for Human-Computer Interfaces for Space System Operatio
3、ns Sponsor American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Approved August 27, 1997 American National Standards Institute Abstract This extensive revision of the 1991 AlAA recommended practice expands on the earlier set of criteria and guidelines for the design of interactive displays that will f
4、acilitate the standardization of human/machine tasks related to space system operations. The core requirements include data entry, data display, sequence control, operator guidance, data transmission, and data protection. It also establishes a series of shells that permit system designers to proceed
5、 from generic interfaces through more sophisticated ones to fully secure systems. Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:01:31 MDTNo reproduction or networ
6、king permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AIAA R-023A-ENGL 1775 W Ob75534 0002337 T77 ANSVAIAA R-023-1995 American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by t
7、he standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus r
8、equires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing,
9、 marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or
10、 authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American Nationa
11、l Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to affirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current
12、information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Recommended practice for human-computer interfaces for space systems sponsor, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics : approved, American National Standards Institute. p. cm. Includes bibliograp
13、hical references and index. 1. Artificial satellites - -Control systems. 2. Ground support systems “ANSI/AIAA R-023A-1995 ISBN 1-56347-206-6 (pbk.) (Astronautics) - Data processing. 3. Human computer interaction. I. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Standards Institute TL4040. R43 1
14、997 629.437-dc21 96-46443 CIP II. American National Published by American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, VA 20191-4344 Copyright O 1997 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced
15、 in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ii Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wi
16、ng, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:01:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ANSVAIAA R-023A-1995 Table of Contents FOREWORD v 1 .O INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 SCOPE 1 1.2 ASSUMPTIONS . 1 1.3 HOW TO USE THE STANDARD 1 1.4 1.5 APPLICATION OF THE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
17、 . 3 2.0 GENERIC HCI REQUIREMENTS DEFINITIONS 4 STANDARDS REFERENCE DOCUMENTS . 2 3.0 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE CORE REQUIREMENTS 6 3.1 DATA ENTRY 6 3.1 . 1 Data Entry Attributes 6 3.1.2 Entry Devices 7 3.1 . 3 Data Entry Methods . 9 3.1 . 4 Editing 13 3.1 . 5 Data Selection and Input 14 3.1.6 Log .
18、17 3.1.7 Create . 17 3.2 DATA DISPLAY . 17 3.2.1 Display Screen Attributes . 18 3.2.2 Display Devices . 28 3.2.3 Display Screen Methods 30 3.2.4 Display Screen/Window Management . 36 3.2.5 Navigation . 39 3.2.6 View Control 40 3.3.1 Consistency 44 3.3.2 Operator Control in Transactions . 44 3.3.3 Tr
19、ansaction Process Status 45 3.3.4 Automated Sequences 46 3.4 OPERATOR GUIDANCE 46 3.4.1 Operator Guidance Attributes . 47 3.4.2 3.4.3 On-Line Help . 53 3.4.4 3.4.5 Decision Support . 55 3.5.1 Preparing Messages . 5 5 3.5.3 Initiating Messages 57 3.5.4 Controlling Transmission 57 3.5.5 Receiving Mess
20、ages 57 3.6 DATA PROTECTION . 58 3.6.1 Data Protection Attributes 59 3.6.2 Data Security . 59 3.6.3 Error Management . 61 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE SPACE SYSTEM OPERATIONS (HCISSO) ENHANCEMENTS . 64 Entry Devices 65 Data Selection and Input 67 3.3 SEQUENCE CONTROL . 44 Alert Categories and Characteri
21、stics 47 On-Line Technical Support Documentation . 54 3.5 DATA TRANSMISSION . 55 3.5.2 Addressing Messages -56 4.0 4.1 . 1 Data Entry Attributes 64 4.1 . 2 4.1 . 3 Data Entry Methods . 65 4.1.4 Editing 66 4.1 . 5 iii Copyright American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under
22、license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:01:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AIAA R-023A-ENGL 2775 = Ob75534 0002329 891 m ANSI/AIAA R-023-1995 4.1.6 Log . 68 4.1 . 7 Create . 68 4.2.1 Display
23、 Screen Attributes . 70 4.2.2 Display Devices . 70 4.2.3 Display Screen Methods 71 4.2.4 Display Screen/Window Management . 73 4.2.5 Navigation . 73 4.2.6 View Control 74 4.3 SEQUENCE CONTROL . 76 4.3.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 Automated Sequences
24、 77 Operator Guidance Attributes . 77 Alert Categories and Characteristics 78 On-Line Technical Support Documentation . 80 Decision Support . 80 Preparing Messages 82 Addressing Messages . 82 Initiating Messages 83 Controlling Transmission 83 On-Line Help . 78 Receiving Messages 83 Data Protection A
25、ttributes 84 Data Security . 84 Error Management . 85 5.0 INDEX . 87 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Graphical Representation Item (GRI) Taxonomy 25 Figure 2 Pattern Examples 28 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Color Use Guidelines . 22 Alert Categories and Characteristics Summary . 49 APPENDICES APPENDIX A
26、APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F ARCHITECTURAL VIEWS OF SPACE MISSION OPERATIONS . 91 GENERIC SATELLITE CONTROL TASKS 99 SYMBOLS AND ICONS 121 SCREEN EXAMPLES 137 SECURE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . 151 VOCABULARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS interaction of the operator with the data entry
27、 process and inputlcontrol devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, light pen, voice, touch screen); workstation screen and physical layout; operator control of transactions and procedures; status information and on-line operator support and help; information transfer capabilities; and data security, error m
28、anagement, and error prevention capabilities. ANSI/AIAA R-023A-I995 This will improve interoperability within and across all satellite control tasks. 2) Higher Productivity: To allow satellite control operators to easily use the satellite control system with minimal confusion or frustration. To prom
29、ote tasks that are less time and labor intensive. 3) User Friendliness: To provide a natural, intuitive interface that will reduce errors and improve job satisfaction. 4) Reduced Training Time: To allow satellite control operators to receive standard training for all tasks, rather than different tra
30、ining for each application, with minimized rriission specific training. To promote less knowledge-intensive tasks that allow employment of a reduced skill level workforce. 5) Improved System Supportability: To realize cost savings through the implementation of an industrial standard based on an open
31、 and distributed system architecture. To allow improved system maintenance and upgrade flexibility. To make systems vendor neutral. Purpose Of The Document Approach The purpose of the Recommended Practice for Human-Computer interfaces for Space System Operations (HCISSO) is to establish a standardiz
32、ed set of HCI requirements that will be used in the design of next-generation satellite control systems to simplify them and make them more user friendly, operationally efficient, and cost effective. Goals This document supports the broad technical goals of improving standardization, inter- operabil
33、ity, and efficiency of space systems operations. The HCISSO will promote simpli- fication of operations, lower training costs, reduce start-up time, and improve productivity. The specific detailed goals of this document can be summarized as follows: 1) HCI Standardization, Interoperability, and Cons
34、istency: Implementation of basic HCI requirements to ensure consistency and standardization, which are fundamental principles of human factors engineering design. To develop a complete set of HCISSO requirements for satellite control, an HCI Working Group (HCIWG) was commissioned and initially chair
35、ed by Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) in the fall of 1991. The WG operated within the AIAA Standards Program and chose to update an earlier AIAA Recommended Practice for Human-Computer Interfaces for Space System Operations (AIAA R-023-1991), Since 1994 the group has been chaired by the Space and Mi
36、ssile Systems Center (SMC). The group consists of government and civilian industry representatives. Many HCIWG members have had hands-on satellite control operational experience and/or a human factors background. The HCIWG established a road map to provide a clear statement of the process and the sp
37、ecific steps it intended to accomplish. The road map progress was assessed periodically and it was modified with the addition of steps later deemed critical to production of a high fidelity standard. The final road map was composed of the following major steps: V Copyright American Institute of Aero
38、nautics and Astronautics Provided by IHS under license with AIAA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 04/18/2007 02:01:31 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STDmAIAA R-023A-ENGL 1995 Ob95534 0002323 IiTT ANSI/AIAA R-023-1995 1) I
39、nterview Satellite Control Operators: The HCIWG interviewed Air Force, Army, and Navy satellite control operators from various Satellite Operations Centers (SOCs) to develop a list of tasks necessary to perform the mission of each SOC. The satellite control operators were also asked to identify what
40、 was “good” and “bad” about the way they performed each task on their existing systems. 2) Identify Tasks Common to All Satellite Operations: The HCIWG developed a list of twelve tasks common to all satellite operations. Although all SOCs did not perform each task to the same extent, all SOCs perfor
41、med the twelve tasks. Also the HCIWG often found different SOCs referred to the same tasks by a different name. Appendix B contains a detailed breakdown of the twelve tasks found to be common to all DoD satellite operations. 3) Identify Generic HCI Requirements: Through an extensive functional decom
42、position of the 12 tasks the WG identified 36 generic HCI requirements critical to and necessary for performance of these operations. The 36 generic requirements are defined in Section 2. 4) Evaluate Existing Satellite Control Prototypes to Validate Generic HCI Requirements: To ensure the 36 generic
43、 HCI requirements were comprehensive and complete, and reflected the most critical areas of satellite operations, the HCIWG evaluated seven prototypes. 5) Review Existing HCI Documentation and Standards for Applicability to Satellite Control and the 36 Generic HCI Requirements: The HCIWG reviewed 16
44、 HCI standards, style guides, and guidelines in addition to the existing AIAA Recommended Practice. It did not want to duplicate existing material, but wanted to comply with existing DoD, government, and industrially established HCI standards that were applicable. 6) Author Statements of HCISSO Requ
45、irements and Consolidate Them in a Standard: The HCISSO requirements were organized in the format described in “Document Organization” below. The requirements statements drew heavily from the 17 existing standards, style guides, and guidelines, but requirements critical to satellite control operatio
46、ns that were not addressed or given much emphasis in previous documents were added. Specific satellite control elements, examples, and amplifying information were also added in the form of comments, examples, and exceptions. 7) Validate the draft HCI Standard: Through a combination of reviews by ori
47、ginally surveyed operators, HCIWG members, and associated developers, the HCIWG validated the draft HCI standard for integrated satellite control. Through an extensive open review and prototyping cycle by interested commercial and government HCI research organizations, the HCIWG received additional
48、inputs and suggestions and these were formally dispositioned and incorporated, where appropriate, into the HCISSO. 8) Gain DoD and Industry Acceptance: Through a formal consensus building process, the HCIWG gained government and commercial industry acceptance of the draft HCI Standard. 9) In July 19
49、95, the HCIWG reconvened to address comments received on the August 1994 version of the document that was distributed to the AlAA members for review and comment. The HCIWG consolidated and responded to all comments generated on the proposed standard. The HCIWG revised the document to reflect a layering of the HCI requirements. The requirements were analyzed and realloc