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1、AS 2001.2.3.22001i Australian Standard TM Methods of test for textiles Method 2.3.2: Physical testsDetermination of maximum force using the grab method (ISO 13934-2:1999, MOD) PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee TX-020, Testing of Textiles to supersede (in part) A
2、S 2001.2.31988, Methods of test for textiles, Part 2: Physical tests Determination of breaking force and extension of textile fabric. AS 2001.2.3.1 and this Standard constitute the two methods of testing for the breaking force and extension of fabric. The Standard is an adoption with national modifi
3、cations (see Appendix ZZ) and has been reproduced from ISO 13934-2:1999, TextilesTensile properties of fabricsPart 2: Determination of maximum force using the grab method. The objective of this Standard is to provide manufacturers and testing bodies with a suitable test method for determining the ma
4、ximum breaking force using the grab method. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance.
5、 The major change from AS 2001.2.31988 is the separation of the strip and grab methods with the strip method now in AS 2001.2.3.1, and the grab method in AS 2001.2.3.2. Appendix ZZ outlines the differences between ISO 13934-2 and this Standard. The variations specifically relate to selection of gaug
6、e length and rate of extension that are likely to affect results and are indicated in the core text by marginal bars. As this Standard is reproduced from an International Standard, the following applies: (a)Its number appears on the cover and title page while the International Standard number appear
7、s only on the cover. (b)In the source text this part of EN ISO 13934 should read this Australian Standard. (c)A full point should be substituted for a comma when referring to a decimal marker. AS 2193, Methods for calibration and grading of force-measuring systems of testing machines compares grades
8、 of Australian testing machines to that in ISO 10012-1. Australian Grade A is equivalent to ISO Class 1 and Grade B to Class 2. Clause 6.1.2 of this Standard requires that the Class of machine be reported in the test report. For Australian purposes, it would be advisable to also report the Grade. Re
9、ferences to International Standards should be replaced by references to Australian Standards, as follows: Reference to International StandardAustralian Standard ENAS 2001Methods of test for textiles20139TextilesStandard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:1973) 2001.1Part 1: Conditioni
10、ng procedures AS 2001.2.3.2 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 ii ENAS 10002 10002-2 Metallic materialsTensile testing Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile testing machines 2193Methods for calibration and grading of force-measuring systems of testing m
11、achines 3912Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment 30012 30012-1 Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment Part 1: Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment (ISO 10012-1:1992) 3912.1Part 1: Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment (NZS 1001
12、2.1:1993 ISO 10012-1:1002) ISO 3696Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods 2001 2001.4.1 Methods of test for textiles Part 4.1: Colourfastness tests Definitions and general requirements Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 1 Scope This part of EN ISO 13934
13、 specifies a procedure for the determination of maximum force of textile fabrics known as the grab test. Note : Part 1 of EN ISO 13934 describes the method known as the strip test. For informative references see annex D. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics. It may be applicable
14、to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to woven elastic fabrics, geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns (see annex D). The method specifies the determination of the maximum force
15、 of test specimens in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing and of test specimens in the wet state. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in t
16、his text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most rece
17、nt editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. EN 20139Textiles - Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:1973) ISO 3696 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods EN 100
18、02-2Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile testing machines EN 30012-1Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment - Part 1: Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment (ISO 10012-1:1992) 1 Accessed by TAFE QUEE
19、NSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Australia 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of EN ISO 13934 the following definitions apply: 3.1 Constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine Tensile-testing machine provided with one clamp which is stationary and another clamp which moves
20、 with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection (EN ISO 13934-1). 3.2 Grab test Tensile test in which only the centre part of the test specimen is gripped in the jaws of the testing machine. 3.3 Maximum force The maximum force recorded when
21、a test specimen is taken to rupture during a test under the specified conditions (EN ISO 13934-1). 3.4 Gauge length Distance between the two effective clamping points of a testing device. Note : The effective clamping points (or lines) of jaws can be checked by clamping a test specimen under specifi
22、ed pretension with carbon copy paper to produce a gripping pattern on the test specimen and/or the jaw faces (EN ISO 13934-1). 4 Principle A fabric test specimen is gripped in its centre part by jaws of specified dimensions is extended at constant rate until it ruptures. The maximum force is recorde
23、d. 2 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Australia 5 Sampling Select samples either in accordance with the procedure laid down in the material specification for the fabric, or as agreed between the interested parties. In the absence of an appropriate material specific
24、ation the example of a suitable sampling procedure given in annex A may be used. An example of a suitable pattern for cutting test specimens from the laboratory sample is given in annex B. Avoid test specimens with folded or creased areas, selvedges and areas not representative of the fabric. 6 Appa
25、ratus 6.1 CRE machine. Metrological confirmation system of the tensile-testing machine shall be in accordance with EN 30012-1. The constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine shall have the general characteristics given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.6. 6.1.1 The tensile-testing machine shall be provided with means f
26、or indicating or recording the force applied to the test specimen in stretching it to rupture. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be class 1 of EN 10002-2. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not
27、exceed 1 %. 6.1.2 If a class 2 tensile-testing machine according to EN 10002-2 is to be used, this shall be stated in the test report. 6.1.3 If recording of force is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. 6.1.4
28、The machine shall be capable of constant rate of extension of 50 mm/min, with an accuracy of 10 %. 6.1.5 The machine shall be capable of setting the gauge length to 100 mm or, if agreed, to 75 mm, to within 1 mm. 3 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Australia 6.1.6 T
29、he clamping device of the machine shall be positioned with the central point of the two jaws in the line of applied force, the front edges shall be at right angles to the line of applied force and their clamping faces shall be in the same plane. The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen
30、 without allowing it to slip and designed so that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. The faces of the jaws shall be smooth and flat, except that when, even with packing, the test specimen cannot be held satisfactorily with flat-faced jaws, engraved or corrugated jaws can be used
31、to prevent slippage. Other auxiliary materials for use with either smooth or corrugated jaws to improve specimen gripping include paper, leather, plastics or rubber. For the grab test the dimensional clamping area of the fabric shall be (25 mm 1 mm) x (25 mm 1 mm). This area can be achieved by eithe
32、r method a) or method b) described below and illustrated in annex C. a) One clamp (25 mm) x (40 mm min., preferably 50 mm), positioned with the wider direction of the clamp perpendicular to the line of application of the force; a second clamp of the same dimensions positioned perpendicular to the fi
33、rst so that the wider direction of the clamp is parallel to the direction of application of the force. b) One clamp (25 mm) x (40 mm min., preferably 50 mm), positioned with the wider direction of the clamp perpendicular to the line of application of the force; a second clamp 25 mm x 25 mm. 6.2 Equi
34、pment for cutting test specimens. 6.3 Equipment in which test specimens can be immersed in water preparatory to wet testing. 6.4 Grade 3 water in accordance with ISO 3696 for wetting test specimens. 6.5 Nonionic wetting agent. 4 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Aus
35、tralia 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN 20139. Note : It is recommended that samples be conditioned for at least 24 h in the relaxed state. Preconditioning and conditioning are not required for tests i
36、n the wet condition. 8 Preparation of test specimens 8.1 General From each laboratory sample two sets of test specimens shall be cut, one set in the warp direction and the other in the weft direction (or in the machine and cross-machine directions, where applicable). Each set shall consist of at lea
37、st five test specimens, except that if a higher degree of precision is required, more test specimens shall be tested. In accordance with clause 5 and annex B no test specimens shall be cut from within 150 mm of either edge of the laboratory sample. No test specimen taken from the warp direction shal
38、l contain the same longitudinal threads and no test specimen taken from the weft direction shall contain the same picks. 8.2 Dimensions The width of each test specimen shall be 100 mm 2 mm and its length shall be long enough to secure the gauge length of 100 mm. 8.3 Preparation of test specimens On
39、each test specimen a line shall be drawn at a distance of 38 mm from one edge, parallel to either warp or weft threads or - where applicable - machine or cross-machine direction, running the full length of the test specimen. 5 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Austr
40、alia 8.4 Wet test specimens 8.4.1 When the maximum force of the wet fabric is required in addition to the maximum force when dry, test specimens of the appropriate width and at least twice as long as the test specimens required for a dry test shall be cut (see annex B). Each end of each strip shall
41、be numbered, and then each test specimen shall be cut crosswise into two parts, one for determining the dry maximum force and the other for determining the wet maximum force. This ensures that each pair of test specimens contains the same longitudinal yarns. For fabrics where it is suspected or know
42、n from previous experience that excessive shrinkage will occur when wet, the length of test specimens for the determination of wet maximum force shall be greater than that of test specimens for dry maximum force tests. 8.4.2 Wet test For tests in the wet condition immerse the test specimen for a per
43、iod of 1 h in grade 3 water in accordance with ISO 3696 at a temperature of 20C 2C. An aqueous solution containing not more than 1 g of a nonionic wetting agent per litre may be used instead of water. Note : For tropical regions, temperature according EN 20139 may be applied. 9 Procedure 9.1 Gauge l
44、ength Set the gauge length of the tensile-testing machine to 100 mm or, if agreed, to 75 mm, to within 1 mm. 9.2 Rate of extension Set the rate of extension of the tensile-testing machine to 50 mm/min. 9.3 Mounting of test specimens Clamp a test specimen centrally so that its longitudinal centre lin
45、e passes through the centre point of the front edges of the jaws and is perpendicular to the edges of the jaws and so that the line drawn on the test specimen coincides with one edge of the jaws. After closing the upper jaw, avoid pretension when adjusting the specimen along the guide line in the lo
46、wer jaw so that the fabric hangs under its own weight when the lower clamp is closed. 6 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 15 Oct 2007 .au Standards Australia 9.4 Operation Engage any device for recording the maximum force. Put the movable clamp in motion and extend the test specimen to the p
47、oint of rupture. Record the maximum force in newtons. Perform the test at least on five test specimens of each fabric direction. Record any break which occurs within 5 mm of the clamping line of the jaws and report the result as a jaw break. At the end of the five tests examine the results obtained.
48、 If any of the jaw break results falls above the lowest “normal“ break result, then it can be included. If any of the jaw break results falls below the lowest “normal“ break result then it shall be excluded and further tests carried out to obtained five “normal“ breaks. If all the results are jaw br
49、eaks, or if five “normal“ breaks can not be obtained then the individual results shall be reported without the coefficient of variation or confidence limits. Jaw break results shall be indicated as such in the report, and the results discussed between the interested parties. 9.5 Tests on wet test specimens Perform the test according to 9.1 to 9.4 immediately after removal of a test specimen from the liquid (see 8.4.2) and briefly placing it on blottin