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1、AS 2958.11995 Australian Standard Earth-moving machinerySafety Part 1: Wheeled machinesBrakes Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 ThisAustralian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/63, Earth-moving equipment. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 1
2、4 December 1994 and published on 5 April 1995. The following interests are represented on Committee ME/63: Australian Mining Industry Council AUSTROADS Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Construction and Mining Equipment Association of Australia Department of Defence Department of Energy and
3、 Minerals, Vic. Department of Mineral Resources, N.S.W. Department of Minerals and Energy, Qld Earthmovers and Contractors Association of Queensland Institute of Municipal Engineering Australia, New South Wales Division Queensland Forest Service Rural Water Commission, Vic. Safety Institute of Austr
4、alia State Forests of New South Wales Telecom Australia Tractor and Machinery Association of Australia Water Board, SydneyIllawarraBlue Mountains WorkCover Authority, N.S.W. Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review a
5、nd are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the
6、Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to
7、 Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notificationof any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. This Standard was issued in dra
8、ft form for comment as DR 92167. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 AS 2958.11995 Australian Standard Earth-moving machinerySafety Part 1: Wheeled machinesBrakes PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262
9、 9565 5 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 AS 2958.1 19952 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee ME/63 on Earth- moving Equipment to supersede AS 2958.11988,Earth-moving machinerySafety, Part 1: Wheeled machinesPerformance requirements and test
10、 procedures for braking systems, whichwas basedonISO 34501985,Earth-movingmachineryWheeled machinesPerformance requirements and test procedures for braking systems. This editionincludesrequirementsfor in-service testing.Brakingunder emergency conditionsnormallycausessomewearandpossiblyevensome damag
11、e.Braking performance should be monitored by in-service testing that does not cause unnecessary wear or damage, using test procedures that are not as severe as type testing of the full design requirements. The term normative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to
12、 which it applies. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard. CopyrightSTANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publicati
13、ons or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and informati
14、on on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advi
15、ce to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from
16、 the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or
17、 in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 3AS 2958.1 1995 CONTENTS Page 1SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 2OBJECTIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 3REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 5DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 6IN-SERVICE TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 7INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 APPENDICES ATEST CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 BIN-SERVICE TESTING PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Originated as AS 2958.1 1988. Second
21、 edition 1995. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 AS 2958.1 19954 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Earth-moving machinerySafety Part 1: Wheeled machinesBrakes 1SCOPE This Standard requires the provision of brakes and specifies requirements for brake systems for any self-
22、propelled rubber-tyred vehicle that is defined in AS 2951.1 as a backhoe loader, dumper, excavator, grader, loader, tractor or tractor-scraper. OtherStandardsrelatingtothesafetyofearth-movingmachineryareAS 2294, AS 2958.0, AS 2958.2 and AS 2958.3. 2OBJECTIVEThe objective of this Standard is to assis
23、t designers, manufacturers, suppliers, employers and users of earth-moving machinery to minimize the risks to the health and safety of persons required to work with or near earth-moving machinery. 3REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 2294Earth-moving mach
24、ineryProtective structures 2951Earth-moving machineryNomenclature 2951.1Part 1: Basic types 2958Earth-moving machinerySafety 2958.0Part 0: General introduction and listing 2958.2Part 2: Guards and shieldsDimensions and specifications 2958.3Part 3: Roller compactorsBrake systems 4DEFINITIONS For the
25、purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 4.1Brake system 4.1.1Service brake systema system used to stop and momentarily hold a machine. 4.1.2Secondary brake systema system used to stop a machine in the event of any single failure in the service brake system. 4.1.3Parking brake systema
26、system used to hold a stopped machine stationary for prolonged periods. 4.2Machine massthe operating mass of a machine includes the heaviest combination of cab, canopy and protective structures, e.g. roll-over protective structures (ROPS) and falling object protective structures (FOPS). It also incl
27、udes components, mountings and equipment, which are approved by the manufacturer of the machine, a 75 kg operator, a full fuel tank, and full lubricating, hydraulic and cooling systems. For dumpers and tractor-scrapers, the machine press includes rated payload equal to the manufacturers specificatio
28、n at the specified axle load distribution. 4.3Retarderan energy-absorbingdevicethat is able to controlthe speed of a machine. 4.4Stopping distancethe distance travelled by a machine during braking from the point where the brake control is activated to where the machine comes to rest. COPYRIGHT Acces
29、sed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 5AS 2958.1 1995 5DESIGN 5.1General 5.1.1MachinesEach machine shall be equipped with a service brake system complying with Clause 5.2, a secondary brake system complying with Clause 5.3, and a parking brake system complying with Clause 5.4. 5.1.2Fai
30、lure of a single componentIn brake systems that use common components, the brake systems shall provide a machine-stopping capability that will meet the secondary brake system performance requirements, specified by Clause 5.3.2, in the event of a failure of any single component. 5.1.3Warning device f
31、or stored energy sources If stored energy is used for the service brake system, that system shall be equipped with a warning device which is activated before the system energy drops below 50% of the maximum operating energy level specifiedby themanufactureror thelevelrequiredto meet thesecondarybrak
32、e performance requirements, whichever level is higher. 5.1.4Control Brake systems shall be capable of being operated from the drivers seated position.The controls for secondary brake systems and parking brake systems shall be arranged so that they cannot be released from the drivers seat once they h
33、ave been applied, unless they can be immediately reapplied from the same position. The force that is necessary to operate the control of any brake system, so that the brake system achieves the required brake performance, shall not exceed the relevant force that is specified in Table 1. TABLE 1 CONTR
34、OL FORCE Method of activation Maximum control force N Finger grasp20 Hand grasp: Upwards Fore-aft Sideways 400 300 300 Foot pedal: Not centrally pivoted Centrally pivoted 700 350 5.2Service brake system 5.2.1Service brake system recoveryThe engine speed control (accelerator) shall be set to obtainma
35、ximumenginerotationalspeed(r/min) or frequency(s1). The brake application pressure shall be measured near a brake. The service brake system shall be capable of delivering not less than 70% of the pressure measured during the first brake application, after the service brakes have been fully applied i
36、n the following ways: (a)For dumpers, tractor-scrapers and excavators, 12 times at a rate of four applications per minute. (b)For loaders, graders, and tractor and backhoe loaders, 20 times at a rate of six applications per minute. 5.2.2Stopping distanceEach service brake system shall be capable of
37、stopping the machine loaded to its machine mass (see Clause 4.2) without the assistance of a retarder, and under the test conditions specified in Appendix A from a speed equal to the maximum COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 AS 2958.1 19956 level surface speed of the
38、 machine, subject to a maximum speed of 50 km/h, within the relevant stopping distance specified in Column 4 of Table 2. 5.2.3Heat fadeThe service brake system, under the conditions specified in Clause 5.2.2, shall be capable of stopping the machine five times at intervals between successive stops o
39、f not more than 20 min. The stopping distance of any stop shall be not more than 125% of the stopping distance of the first stop. 5.2.4Holding ability The service brake system shall be capable of holding the machine on a 25% grade. 5.3Secondary brake system 5.3.1Stored energy capacityWhere an energy
40、 reservoir is used to power the secondary brake system, the capacity of the reservoir, while disconnected from the power source, shall be capable of powering five full service brake applications while the machine is stationary followed by a secondary brake application that complies with Clause 5.3.2
41、. 5.3.2PerformanceThe secondary brake system shall be capable of stopping the machine laden to its machine mass once from a machine speed of 25 km/h under the conditions specified in Appendix A. Where the machine is equipped with a retarder (see Clause 4.3), the retarder may be used prior to and dur
42、ing this test.Where a retarder can be used, the machine manufacturer shall include the maximum machine speed and the transmission gear to be engaged when the machine descends specified grades.This information shall be displayed on an instruction plate placed in the drivers compartment in a readily v
43、isible location.The stopping distance shall not exceed the relevant value specified in Table 2. 5.4Parking brake system 5.4.1Exhaustible energy sourcesOnce applied, parking brake systems shall not be dependent upon an exhaustible energy source. 5.4.2Common componentsParking brake systems may use com
44、mon components that alsoformpartofotherbrakesystems,providedthattherequirementsgivenin Clause 5.1.2 are met. 5.4.3PerformanceWhile the power train is disengaged, the parking brake system shall be capable of holding the machine loaded to its machine mass on a 15% grade in both the forward and the rev
45、erse directions. 6IN-SERVICE TESTINGIn-service testing is intended to test brake performance on work sites at appropriate intervals, so that, when taking into account the work site conditions,the measured stoppingdistances will allow effective monitoringof the performance of the service and secondar
46、y brake systems. This procedure is not intended to be a substitute for regular inspection and maintenance of brake systems. The procedure and performance criteria for in-service testing are given in Appendix B. 7INFORMATIONThe drivers manual shall indicate the transmission gear to be engaged and the
47、 maximum speed while the equipment is loaded and travelling down grades. An instruction plate summarizing these requirements shall be placed in the drivers compartment, where it is readily visible to the driver. COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 10 Nov 2008 7AS 2958.1 1995 TABLE
48、 2 STOPPING PERFORMANCES FOR MACHINES 12345 Type of machine Maximum machine mass Surface grade in direction of travel Maximum stopping distance for the service braking system (see Note 3) Maximum stopping distance for the secondary braking system (see Note 3) kgpercentmm Machines that are intended f
49、or travel on public roads Any mass permitted 0 1 Machines (except rigid frame and articulated steer dumpers having a mass 32 000 kg) that are not intended for travel on public roads 32 0000 1 32 0000 1 Rigid frame and articulated steer dumpers that are not intended for travel on public roads Design criteria 32 0009 1 In service32 0000 1 Not applicable NOTES: 1The speed of the machine v, in kilometres per hour. 2The percentage grade S. 3Correction C, applied as follows: (a)For machines with a maximum level surface speed of not less