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1、American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036 ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 for Outdoor Power Equipment Walk-Behind Powered Rotary Tillers and Hand Supported Cultivators Safety Specifications ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 Revision of ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1986 Ameri
2、can National Standard for Outdoor Power Equipment Walk-Behind Powered Rotary Tillers and Hand Supported Cultivators Safety Specifications Sponsor Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. Approved March 22, 1996 American National Standards Institute, Inc. -,-,- American National Standard Approval of a
3、n American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been
4、reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American Nationa
5、l Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institut
6、e does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for
7、 interpretations should be ad- dressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be take
8、n periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street, New York,
9、 New York 10036 Copyright 1996 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI2C896
10、/32 i Forewordii 1Scope 1 2Normative references .1 3Definitions2 4Controls .3 5General requirements.4 6Shields or guards .5 7Servicing requirements.7 8Electrical requirements.7 9Label durability requirements8 10Tests for fuel lines and fuel tanks .8 11Safety instructions for tillers and hand support
11、ed cultivators9 Figures 1Operator position and operator control position .10 2Tine shielding for rear tine tillers.12 3Finger probe.12 4Safety message for walk-behind powered rotary tillers and hand supported cultivators .13 5Safety sign .13 6Safety instructions for walk-behind powered rotary tiller
12、s and hand supported cultivators .14 7Guarding of tilling means Hand supported cultivators .16 Annex ARationale17 Contents Page -,-,- ii This edition of American National Standard for Outdoor Power Equipment Walk-Behind Powered Rotary Tillers and Hand Supported Cultivators Safety Specifications, ANS
13、I/OPEI B71.8-1996, was prepared by the Outdoor Power Equipment Institutes (OPEI) Subcommittee for Tillers as part of OPEIs continuing work on standards and was approved on March 22, 1996 by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. The safety specifications given in this standard are for (a) w
14、alk-behind powered rotary tillers, and (b) hand supported cultivators. They are intend- ed to provide safety requirements and to help ensure uniform operator environments. These specifications are intended to apply to products specifically intended as consumer products for personal use. These speci-
15、 fications are not intended to apply to commercial products customarily used by hired operators or to products designed primarily for agricultural purposes such as defined in ANSI/SAE J1116 or SAE J1150. They are not intended to cover tractor mounted or drawn tillers, electrically operated hand supp
16、orted cultivators, and are not intended to completely cover elec- trical requirements. Consensus for this standard was achieved by the use of the Canvass Method. Suggestions for improvement of the standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, 341 S. Patrick
17、 Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. The following organizations recognized as having an interest in the stan- dardization of safety requirements for walk-behind powered rotary tillers and hand supported cultivators were contacted prior to the approval of this revision of the standard. Inclusion in the li
18、st does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposal to ANSI. Acoustical Society of America American Insurance Services Group, Inc. American Society of Agricultural Engineers Consumer Product Safety Commission Consumers Union Engine Manufacturers Associati
19、on Equipment Manufacturers Institute McCanse Engineering Services National Safety Council Sears Roebuck and Company Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Foreword(This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996.) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 1 American Nation
20、al Standard for Outdoor Power Equipment Walk-Behind Powered Rotary Tillers and Hand Supported Cultivators Safety Specifications 1 Scope The safety specifications given in this standard are for (a) walk-behind powered rotary tillers, and (b) hand supported cultivators. They are intended to provide sa
21、fety requirements and to help ensure uniform operator environments. These specifications are intended to apply to products specifically intended as consumer products for personal use. These specifications are not intended to apply to commercial products customarily used by hired operators or to prod
22、ucts designed primarily for agricultural purposes such as defined in ANSI/SAE J1116 or SAE J1150. They are not intended to cover tractor mounted or drawn tillers, electrically operated hand supported cultivators, and are not intended to completely cover electrical requirements. 2 Normative reference
23、s The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American Nationa
24、l Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. ANSI Z535.4-1991, Product safety signs and labels ANSI/ASAE S304.5 (R1993), Symbols for operator controls on agricultural equipment ANSI/ASAE S350 (R1992), Safety-alert sym
25、bol for agricultural equipment ANSI/SAE J156-APR86, Fusible links ANSI/SAE J553-JUN92, Circuit breakers ANSI/SAE J554-AUG87, Electric fuses (cartridge type) ANSI/SAE J833-MAY89, USA human physical dimensions ANSI/SAE J1128-JUN88, Low tension primary cable ANSI/SAE J1362-FEB94, Graphical symbols for
26、operator controls and displays on off-road self- propelled work machines ANSI/SAE J1500-JUN80, Universal symbols for operator controls ANSI/SAE J2031-JAN90, High tension ignition cable -,-,- ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 2 ANSI/UL 82-1995, Standard for safety for electrical gardening appliances ISO 3767-1:19
27、91, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and other displays Part 1: Common Symbols 1) ISO 3767-3:1988, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment Symbols for operator controls and ot
28、her displays Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment1) 3 Definitions 3.1 clutch: A device used for engaging or disengaging the load from the power source. 3.2 durable label: A label that shall meet the requirements of clause 9. 3.3 engine (motor) start: The change of engine state from
29、not producing power to producing power. 3.4 guard or shield: A barrier that minimizes inadvertent personal contact with hazards created by moving machinery parts or hot surfaces. 3.5 hand supported cultivator: An operator-controlled (walk-behind) powered rotary cultivator (generally less than 2 HP),
30、 comprised of two handles intended to be easily hand supported by the operator. The rotating tines/tool(s) ensure propulsion away from the operator. 3.6 manual start: Utilization of operator force to cycle the engine for starting purposes. 3.7 operator hand control position: The area within which al
31、l hand controls requiring operation from the operator position shall be located. 3.8 operator position: The area occupied by the operator during normal operation of the machine as illustrated in figure 1. 3.9 operator presence control (normally off control): A control requiring continuous operation
32、by the operator and designed so that it will automatically stop power to a drive when the operators actuating force is removed. 3.10 right, left:* The designation that refers to the orientation of the machine or tiller when the operator is at the operators position, facing in the forward direction o
33、f machine travel. 3.11 shall: The word “shall“ is to be understood as a requirement. 3.12 should: The word “should“ is to be understood as a recommendation. 3.13 starting device: A handle, lever, switch, or similar control required to actuate a starting mechanism. 3.14 tine barrier: Structural membe
34、rs, such as transport wheels, portions of the tiller frame, ground stake, or any combination of these members, that restrict entry of the operator into the rotating tines. 3.15 tines: That portion of the rotating member that engages and penetrates the soil. 3.15.1 counter rotating tines (CRT): Tine
35、rotation in a direction toward normal operator position. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * The asterisk denotes general definitions that are also applicable to other American National Standards in the B71 series. 1) Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York,
36、 NY 10036. -,-,- ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 3 3.15.2 standard rotating tines (SRT): The rotation in a direction away from the normal operator position. 3.16 walk-behind powered rotary tiller: A tilling machine with a powered rotary member, with or without traction drive, that is intended to break up soil
37、and is normally controlled by the operator walking behind or alongside the unit. 3.16.1 front tine: A walk-behind powered rotary tiller designed to be operator controlled, with support wheels whose ground traction is provided by its rotating tines. 3.16.2 rear tine: A walk-behind powered rotary till
38、er whose ground traction is provided by the drive wheels and whose rotating member is substantially behind the drive wheels. 4 Controls 4.1 Control identification 4.1.1 The following controls, if provided, for tine speed, tine direction, engine (motor) speed, engine (motor) shutoff, traction speed,
39、tine engagement, and traction engagement shall be identified by a durable label as to direction of operation and function. Universal symbols, as illustrated in ANSI/SAE J1362, ANSI/ASAE S304.5, ISO 3767-1, and ISO 3767-3, may be used. 4.1.2 Labels shall be located near the control positions and be l
40、egible to the operator when the operator is in the normal position to use the controls. 4.1.3 Identification in accordance with 4.1.1 shall use legible lettering. Minimum letter height should not be less than 3 mm (0.115 inch). 4.2 Shutoff control device A shutoff control device shall be provided to
41、 stop operation of the engine (motor). This device shall require manual and intentional activation in order to start the engine (motor). A key switch, or similar device, shall be provided to prevent unauthorized starting of the engine (motor), unless manual start is the only means of starting the en
42、gine. The shutoff control device and the key switch, or similar device, may be combined in one control. 4.3 Engine speed control 4.3.1 An engine speed control lever, if in the operator hand control position, shall move generally forward or upward, or both, to increase speed and generally rearward or
43、 downward, or both, to decrease speed. 4.3.2 An engine speed push/pull control, if in the operator hand control position, shall be pulled to increase speed and pushed to decrease speed. 4.3.3 An operator presence type speed control shall increase speed when activated and automatically decrease speed
44、 when released. 4.4 Tine/traction control 4.4.1 Operation of the tiller in any direction of travel shall require an operator presence (normally off) control(s) for traction and tines engagement located in the operator hand control position (see figure 1). In a reverse direction of travel the maximum
45、 speed shall not exceed 1 meter per second (2.2 mph). 4.4.2 A means shall be provided to disengage the tines from the power supply. It shall require intentional activation in order to start operation. ANSI/OPEI B71.8-1996 4 4.5 Controls 4.5.1 Control location Controls and starting devices should be
46、so designed and located as to prevent hazardous conditions, such as pinching or cutting the operator during their normal operation. 4.5.2 Resistance to movement During the normal operation of the machine, all controls specified in 4.1.1, except the operator presence (normally off) control, should re
47、main in the position set by the operator. The motion or vibration of the tiller should not cause these controls to move from their selected position. 5 General requirements 5.1 Starting stabilization 5.1.1 Tillers A tiller with a rope or recoil starter shall have a labeled designated area to indicat
48、e where the operators foot or free hand shall be placed when manually starting the engine. 5.1.2 Hand supported cultivators If equipped with a centrifugal clutch, a means shall be provided to start and operate the engine from the normal operating position. 5.2 Handle structure (fastening) The handle
49、 shall be fastened to the walk-behind powered rotary tiller to prevent unintentional uncoupling while in operation. 5.3 Power disengagement (clutch action) 5.3.1 Tine drive 5.3.1.1 Test procedure 5.3.1.1.1 General Except for walk-behind powered rotary tillers and hand supported cultivators with centrifugal clutches and electrically driven tillers, the walk-behind powered rotary