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1、 AS 36101995 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) Australian Standard Formwork for concrete AS 3610 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD-043, Formwork. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 18 January 1
2、995 and published on 5 April 1995. The following are represented on Committee BD-043: Aluminium Development Council Australian Federation of Construction Contractors AUSTROADS Building Management Authority of W.A. Cement and Concrete Association of Australia Department of Employment, Vocational Educ
3、ation, Training and Industrial Relations Department of Occupational Health Safety and Welfare, Western Australia Formworks Contractors of W.A. Housing Industry Association Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia National Precast Concrete Association Australia Plywood Association of Australia
4、Queensland University of Technology The Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Workcover Authority of N.S.W. Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically review
5、ed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detai
6、led information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Australia web site at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Australian Standard,
7、 has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at .au, or write to the Chief Executive, Sta
8、ndards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 93275. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 AS 36101995 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) Australian Standard Formwork for concrete Originated i n part as AS
9、 CA70 1971. Previous editi on AS 3610 1990. Second editi on 1995. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (January 2003). COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ
10、ing photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7262 9658 9 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 AS 36101995 2 PREFACE This Standard is a new edition of AS 36101
11、990 and incorporates a number of changes and corrections to the previous edition, specifically in Clauses 1.3, 1.6, 3.4.5.2, 4.5.5.3, 4.5.6.3, 4.6.3, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.4 and 5.6.4.2; Paragraphs A4.4.3, A4.4.4, A5.3 and A6; Tables 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 4.4.1, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.5.3, 4.5.4, 5.3.1 and 5.4.2; and Figur
12、e 5.3.1. This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 (January 2003). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected. The objective of this Standard is to set out requirements for t
13、he design, fabrication, erection and stripping of formwork as well as evaluation of the formed concrete surface. Where mandatory notes to tables are used in this Standard, they are deemed to form an integral part of the Standard. Photographic charts for the assessment of colour and surface finish ar
14、e provided in the appendices. Additional copies of these charts are available as AS 3610, Supplement 1. AS 3610 Supplement 2 provides a commentary on this Standard. The commentary includes background information on the Standard, guidance on its use, and suggestions on good practice. Statements expre
15、ssed in mandatory terms in notes to tables are deemed to be requirements of this Standard. The term normative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard. A1 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTR
16、ALIA on 30 May 2008 3 AS 36101995 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE.4 1.2 APPLICATION4 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.4 1.4 NEW MATERIALS OR METHODS.5 1.5 DEFINITIONS.5 1.6 NOTATION.8 SECTION 2 THE PROJECT DOCUMENTATION 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION11 2.2 GENERAL.11 2.3 INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED IN THE PR
17、OJECT DOCUMENTATION .11 SECTION 3 SURFACE FINISH 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION13 3.2 APPLICATION OF SECTION 13 3.3 CLASSES OF SURFACE FINISH.13 3.4 PHYSICAL QUALITY13 3.5 COLOUR CONTROL OF UNTREATED SURFACES.19 3.6 TEST PANELS22 SECTION 4 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION24 4.2 APPLICA
18、TION OF SECTION 24 4.3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS24 4.4 LOADS25 4.5 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN .34 4.6 CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS.42 4.7 FORMWORK DOCUMENTATION .43 SECTION 5 CONSTRUCTION 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION45 5.2 APPLICATION OF SECTION 45 5.3 GENERAL FORMWORK REQUIREMENTSIN SITU CONCRETE .45 5.4 FORMWORK CONSTR
19、UCTIONIN SITU CONCRETE 47 5.5 FORMWORK CONSTRUCTIONPRECAST CONCRETE.54 5.6 EVALUATION OF COMPLETED WORK AND REPAIRS.54 APPENDICES A TESTING OF FORMWORK.61 B BLOWHOLE AND COLOUR EVALUATION CHARTS.69 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 AS 36101995 4 Standards Australia .au STANDAR
20、DS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Formwork for concrete S E C T I O N 1 G E N E R A L 1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for the design, fabrication, erection and stripping of formwork, as well as the specification, evaluation and repair of the quality of the formed concrete surface and th
21、e influence of this activity on the design and construction of an in situ concrete structure. Design by testing is considered separately, the requirements being set out in Appendix A. Some Sections of the Standard are also applicable to precast concrete, in particular some aspects of Sections 3 and
22、5. This Standard does not apply to unformed concrete surfaces, e.g. tops of slabs. 1.2 APPLICATION Formwork requirements in the project documentation shall comply with Section 2. The concrete surface finish shall comply with Section 3. The structural design of formwork shall comply with Section 4. T
23、he procedures to be followed in construction, checking the completed work and carrying out repairs shall be in accordance with Section 5. 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The documents below are referred to in this Standard: AS 1170 Minimum design loads on structures (known as the SAA Loading Code) 1170.2 P
24、art 2: Wind loads 1170.4 Part 4: Earthquake loads 1576 Scaffolding 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and laddersDesign, construction and installation 1664 Rules for the use of aluminium in structures (known as the SAA Aluminium Structures Code) 1720 Timber Structures (known as SAA Timber Str
25、uctures Code) 2082 Visually stress-graded hardwood for structural purposes 2271 Plywood and blockboard for exterior use 2858 TimberSoftwoodVisually stress-graded for structural purposes 3600 Concrete structures 3700 Masonry in buildings (known as the SAA Masonry Code) 3972 Portland and blended cemen
26、ts 4100 Steel structures AS/NZS 2269 Structural plywood Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 5 AS 36101995 .au Standards Australia BS 5975 Code of practice for falsework CIRIA Report 108 Concrete Pressure on Formwork (published by the Construction Industry Research and Informatio
27、n Association (UK) 1.4 NEW MATERIALS OR METHODS Provided the requirements of this Standard are met, this Standard shall not be interpreted to prevent the use of materials or methods of design or construction not specifically referred to herein. 1.5 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the d
28、efinitions below apply. 1.5.1 Administrative definitions Engineera person qualified for Corporate Membership of the Institution of Engineers, Australia, and with experience in the area of formwork. NOTE: The definition of Engineer does not require that an Engineer be a Corporate Member of the Instit
29、ution of Engineers, Australia. Formwork documentationdrawings, specifications, brochures and associated documents that describe the formwork assembly to be erected. Mayindicates a practice which complies with the requirements of this Standard. Project documentationdrawings, specifications and associ
30、ated documents that describe the permanent structure to be constructed. Regulatory authoritya body having statutory powers to control the design and erection of the formwork. Shallindicates a mandatory statement to be adopted in order to comply with this Standard. 1.5.2 Technical definitions Adjusta
31、ble prop (also called telescopic prop)a prop (see prop) capable of coarse and fine adjustment of its overall length. Backproppingprocess by which adjustable supports are placed to give support to the permanent structure during the removal of the formwork to the soffit. (See Figure 1.5.1.) Accessed b
32、y UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 AS 36101995 6 Standards Australia .au FIGURE 1.5.1 SLAB BACKPROPPING Bearing areaeffective area over which a force is transferred to a supporting structural system. Blowholeindentation in the formed surface of the concrete caused by a bubble of fluid or
33、 air trapped against the form surface. Bracingsecondary structural members which normally do not support gravity loads but are required to provide lateral stability to other structural members or to transfer horizontal loads to supports. Camberthe intentional curvature of formwork prior to concrete
34、placement to compensate for the deflection of the formwork or the permanent structure under load. Cast-in-situ concreteconcrete which is placed, as plastic concrete, in its final location as part of the permanent structure. Class of surface finish (or Class)standard of the untreated concrete surface
35、 of the formed concrete. Continuously moving formworksystem of forms where a mechanism is provided to continuously relocate the form surface as the concrete is placed also known as slipform. Construction jointa joint, including a joint between precast segments, that is located in a part of a structu
36、re for convenience of construction and made so that the load-carrying capacity and serviceability of the structure will be unimpaired by the inclusion of the joint. Deflectionflexural movement of a structural member or assembly in response to the forces acting on it. Deviationdistance between the ac
37、tual location of a point in the permanent structure and the specified position of that point. Elementportion of the permanent structure delineated by formed concrete faces, construction joints and the completed concrete surfaces, which is poured in one continuous operation. Footingpart of the formwo
38、rk or permanent structure in direct contact with, and transmitting load to, the supporting foundation. Formthat part of the formwork on which the plastic concrete is poured. It consists of the form face and the framing to the form face. Form facethat part of the form which comes direct contact with
39、the plastic concrete. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 7 AS 36101995 .au Standards Australia Form face deflectionthe undulation of the concrete surface resulting from the deflection of the form face. Form face spanthe distance between any two adjoining and parallel members wh
40、ich support the form face. Form lining (also called form liners)non-structural material placed on, or part of, the form face to achieve a desired surface finish. Form tiealso called wall tie or tie rod, a device which penetrates a form, extends through the permanent structure and restrains the form
41、from movement due to concrete pressure. Formworkthe surface, supports and framing used to define the shape of concrete until it is self-supporting. NOTE: This term includes the forms on which the concrete is poured, the supports which withstand the loads imposed by the forms and the concrete, the br
42、acing which may be added to ensure stability, and the footings. When complete the formwork can be known as the formwork assembly. Supports and bracing mentioned above are sometimes known as falsework. Formwork assemblyan assembly of formwork components including footings which together constitute a
43、structure. Foundationsoil, subsoil or rock, whether built up or natural, upon which the permanent structure or the formwork is supported. Grout loss (also called mortar loss)the loss of fine material, cement and fine aggregate, from plastic concrete due to openings in the form face. Hognegative defl
44、ection of concrete elements under the effect of prestressing. Hydration stainingdarker areas in the formed surface caused by reduced hydration of the cement when moisture is lost either by leakage from the formwork or by absorption into the form face. Hydrostatic pressuretheoretical pressure which w
45、ould be exerted on the forms by a fluid of the same specific gravity as plastic concrete. Permanent structurethe structure for which the formwork is required. Plastic concretefreshly mixed concrete that has not yet achieved any initial setting. Precast concreteconcrete which is placed, as plastic co
46、ncrete, in a location other than in its final location as part of the permanent structure. Primary membersframing members whose failure could result in collapse of the formwork structure. Progressive collapsea type of failure in which the collapse of one component leads to overload of adjacent compo
47、nents resulting in further collapses. Propa structural member loaded in compression. Proprietary iteman item made in quantity production for general use in formwork assemblies, and whose load capacity has been proven by analysis or test. Reshoresadjustable supports placed to give support to the perm
48、anent structure after the formwork to the soffits in the area has been removed. Soffit formworkformwork to the undersides of slabs, beams and the like. Stacked materialsconstruction materials such as formwork components, bricks, reinforcement, which temporarily loads either the formwork assembly or
49、the previously placed concrete. A1 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 30 May 2008 AS 36101995 8 Standards Australia .au Strippingalso called striking, the removal of forms from the surface of the hardened concrete. Supportsthe formwork components that transmit all or part of the loads to a lower level. This term includes undisturbed supports, backprops and r