《ANSI-ISO-19111-2003.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《ANSI-ISO-19111-2003.pdf（50页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard.Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 12/30/2003 Published by American National Standa
2、rds Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2003 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Ame
3、rican National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard sho
4、uld be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America Reference number ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19111 First edition 2003-02-15 Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates Information gographique Systme de
5、 rfrences spatiales par coordonnes Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:200
6、3(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this f
7、ile, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info
8、relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. I
9、SO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in th
10、e country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reserved Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under licen
11、se with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Conformance requireme
12、nts.1 3 Normative references .1 4 Terms and definitions.1 5 Conventions 5 5.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms5 5.2 UML notation .6 6 Definition of the conceptual schema for coordinate reference systems7 6.1 Introduction .7 6.2 Coordinate reference system.7 6.2.1 Type of coordinate reference system .7
13、6.2.2 Single coordinate reference system .8 6.2.3 Compound coordinate reference system.8 6.3 Datum.9 6.3.1 Types of datums9 6.3.2 Datum description.10 6.3.3 Prime meridian 10 6.3.4 Ellipsoid .11 6.4 Coordinate system11 6.5 Coordinate operation coordinate conversion and coordinate transformation12 6.
14、5.1 General.12 6.5.2 Coordinate conversion (including map projection) 13 6.5.3 Coordinate transformation.14 6.5.4 Requirements for describing a coordinate operation.14 6.5.5 Concatenated coordinate operation .16 6.6 Citations.17 6.7 Accuracy and precision of coordinates, coordinate operations, and p
15、arameters.18 6.8 Attributes to describe a coordinate reference system19 Annex A (normative) Conformance22 Annex B (normative) UML schemas.24 Annex C (informative) Decision trees.27 Annex D (informative) Geodetic relationships.29 Annex E (informative) Examples.35 Copyright American National Standards
16、 Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Org
17、anization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establi
18、shed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizatio
19、n. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
20、Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
21、ent rights. ISO 19111 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction
22、 or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v Introduction Geographic information contains spatial references which relate the features represented in the data to positions in the real world. Spatial references fall into two categories: thos
23、e using coordinates; those based on geographic identifiers. This International Standard deals only with spatial referencing by coordinates. Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers is the subject of ISO 19112, Geographic information Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers. Coordinates are
24、 unambiguous only when the coordinate reference system to which those coordinates are related has been fully defined. A coordinate reference system is a coordinate system which has a reference to the Earth. This International Standard describes the elements that are necessary to define fully various
25、 types of coordinate systems and coordinate reference systems applicable to geographic information. The subset of elements required is partially dependent upon the type of coordinates. This International Standard also includes optional fields to allow for the inclusion of non-essential coordinate re
26、ference system information. The elements are intended to be both machine and human readable. A set of coordinates on the same coordinate reference system requires one coordinate reference system description. In addition to describing a coordinate reference system, this International Standard provide
27、s for the description of a coordinate transformation or coordinate conversion between two different coordinate reference systems. With such information, geographic data referred to different coordinate reference systems can be merged together for integrated manipulation. Alternatively, an audit trai
28、l of coordinate reference system manipulations can be maintained. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
29、se from IHS -,-,- Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 191
30、11:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1 Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates 1 Scope This International Standard defines the conceptual schema for the description of spatial referencing by coordinates. It describes the minimum data required to define one-, two- and three-dimen
31、sional coordinate reference systems. It allows additional descriptive information to be provided. It also describes the information required to change coordinate values from one coordinate reference system to another. This International Standard is applicable to producers and users of geographic inf
32、ormation. Although it is applicable to digital geographic data, its principles can be extended to many other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts, and text documents. 2 Conformance requirements This International Standard defines two classes of conformance, Class A for conformance of coordi
33、nate reference systems and Class B for coordinate operations between two coordinate reference systems. Any coordinate reference system claiming conformance to this International Standard shall satisfy the requirements given in Annex A, Clause A.1. Any coordinate operation claiming conformance to thi
34、s International Standard shall satisfy the requirements given in Annex A, Clause A.2. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
35、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1000, SI units and recommendations for use of their multiples and of certain other units ISO/TS 19103:1), Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19113:2002, Geographic information Quality principles ISO 19114:1), Geograph
36、ic information Quality evaluation procedures 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 Cartesian coordinate system coordinate system which gives the position of points relative to n mutually perpendicular axes 1) To be published. Copyri
37、ght American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved NOTE
38、n is 1, 2 or 3 for the purposes of this International Standard. 4.2 compound coordinate reference system coordinate reference system using two other independent coordinate reference systems to describe a position EXAMPLE One coordinate reference system based on a two- or three-dimensional coordinate
39、 system and the other coordinate reference system based on a gravity-related height system. 4.3 coordinate one of a sequence of n numbers designating the position of a point in n-dimensional space NOTE 1 In a coordinate reference system, the numbers must be qualified by units. NOTE 2 A coordinate op
40、eration is performed on coordinates in a source system resulting in coordinates in a target system. 4.4 coordinate conversion change of coordinates, based on a one-to-one relationship, from one coordinate system to another based on the same datum EXAMPLE Between geodetic and Cartesian coordinate sys
41、tems or between geodetic coordinates and projected coordinates, or change of units such as from radians to degrees or feet to metres. NOTE A coordinate conversion uses parameters which have constant values. 4.5 coordinate operation change of coordinates, based on a one-to-one relationship, from one
42、coordinate reference system to another NOTE Supertype of coordinate transformation and coordinate conversion. 4.6 coordinate reference system coordinate system that is related to the real world by a datum NOTE For geodetic and vertical datums, it will be related to the Earth. 4.7 coordinate system s
43、et of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points 4.8 coordinate transformation change of coordinates from one coordinate reference system to another coordinate reference system based on a different datum through a one-to-one relationship NOTE A coordinate transfor
44、mation uses parameters which are derived empirically by a set of points with known coordinates in both coordinate reference systems. 4.9 datum parameter or set of parameters that serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other parameters NOTE A datum defines the position of the origin, th
45、e scale, and the orientation of the axes of a coordinate system. Copyright American National Standards Institute Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=USN Ship Repair Facility Yokosuka/9961031100 Not for Resale, 05/08/2007 20:24:54 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
46、e from IHS -,-,- ISO 19111:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3 4.10 easting E distance in a coordinate system, eastwards (positive) or westwards (negative) from a north-south reference line 4.11 ellipsoid surface formed by the rotation of an ellipse about a main axis NOTE In this International St
47、andard, ellipsoids are always oblate, meaning that the axis of rotation is always the minor axis. 4.12 ellipsoidal height geodetic height h distance of a point from the ellipsoid measured along the perpendicular from the ellipsoid to this point positive if upwards or outside of the ellipsoid NOTE On
48、ly used as part of a three-dimensional geodetic coordinate system and never on its own. 4.13 engineering datum local datum datum describing the relationship of a coordinate system to a local reference NOTE Engineering datum excludes both geodetic and vertical datums. EXAMPLE A system for identifying relative positions within a few kilometres of the reference point. 4.14 flattening f ratio of the difference between the semi-major (a) and semi-minor axis (b) of an ellipsoid to the semi-major axi