AS-1289.1.1-2001.pdf

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1、AS 1289. 1. 1 2001 ( I ncor por at i ng Am endm ent No. 1) St andar ds Aust r al i a Aust r al i an St andar d TM M et hods of t est i ng soi l s f or engi neer i ng pur poses M et hod 1. 1: Sam pl i ng and pr epar at i on of soi l s Pr epar at i on of di st ur bed soi l sam pl es f or t est i ng Th

2、i s St andard i ncorporat es Amendment No. 1 ( November 2002) . The changes requi red by t he Amendment are i ndi cat ed i n t he t ext by a margi nal bar and amendment number agai nst t he cl ause, not e, t abl e, f i gure or part t hereof af f ect ed. M ETHOD 1 SCOPE Thi s St andar d set s out a p

3、r ocedur e f or pr epar i ng di st ur bed sampl es, as r ecei ved f r om t he f i el d, f or t est i ng i n accor dance wi t h t he ser i es of t est s l i st ed i n AS 1289. 0. The met hod does not cover pr ocedur es f or sampl i ng. NOTES: 1 Sampl i ng and pr epar at i on of soi l s ar e descr i b

4、ed i n AS 1289. 1. 2. 1. 2 The si ze of t he sampl es f r om whi ch di st ur bed soi l s sampl es ar e t o be pr epar ed depends on t he t est s t hat ar e t o be car r i ed out , and t he maxi mum si ze and t he r el at i ve pr opor t i on of coar se and f i ne mat er i al i n t he or i gi nal soi

5、l . 2 REFERENCED DOCUM ENTS The f ol l owi ng document s ar e r ef er r ed t o i n t hi s St andar d: AS 1152 Speci f i cat i on f or t est si eves 1141 M et hods f or sampl i ng and t est i ng aggr egat es 1141. 2 M et hod 2 Basi c t est i ng equi pment 1289 M et hods of t est i ng soi l s f or eng

6、i neer i ng pur poses 1289. 0 Par t 0 Gener al r equi r ement s and l i st of met hods 1289. 1. 2. 1 M et hod 1. 2. 1: Sampl i ng and pr epar at i on of soi l s Di st ur bed sampl es St andar d met hod 1289. 2. 1. 1 M et hod 2. 1. 1: Soi l moi st ur e cont ent t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he moi

7、st ur e cont ent of a soi l Oven dr yi ng met hod ( st andar d met hod) 1289. 2. 1. 2 M et hod 2. 1. 2: Soi l moi st ur e cont ent t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he moi st ur e cont ent of a soi l Sand bat h met hod ( subsi di ar y met hod) 1289. 2. 1. 4 M et hod 2. 1. 4: Soi l moi st ur e cont ent

8、 t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he moi st ur e cont ent of a soi l M i cr owave- oven dr yi ng met hod ( subsi di ar y met hod) 1289. 2. 1. 5 M et hod 2. 1. 5 Soi l moi st ur e cont ent t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he moi st ur e cont ent of a soi l I nf r ar ed l i ght s met hod ( subsi di ar y

9、 met hod) 1289. 2. 1. 6 M et hod 2. 1. 6 Soi l moi st ur e cont ent t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he moi st ur e cont ent of a soi l Hot pl at e dr yi ng met hod ( subsi di ar y met hod) 1289. 3. 1. 1 M et hod 3. 1. 1 Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he l i qui d l i mi t

10、 of a soi l Four poi nt Casagr ande met hod AS 1289. 1. 1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 1. 1 2001 St andar ds Aust r al i a www. st andar ds. com . au 2 1289. 3. 1. 2 M et hod 3. 1. 2: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he l i qui d l i mi t o

11、f a soi l One poi nt Casagr ande met hod ( subsi di ar y met hod) 1289. 3. 2. 1 M et hod 3. 2. 1: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he pl ast i c l i mi t of a soi l St andar d met hod 1289. 3. 4. 1 M et hod 3. 4. 1: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t

12、 he l i near shr i nkage of a soi l St andar d met hod 1289. 3. 5. 1 M et hod 3. 5. 1: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he soi l par t i cl e densi t y of a soi l St andar d met hod 1289. 3. 5. 2 M et hod 3. 5. 2: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t h

13、e soi l par t i cl e densi t y of combi ned soi l f r act i ons Vacuum pycnomet er met hod 1289. 3. 6. 1 M et hod 3. 6. 1: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he par t i cl e si ze di st r i but i on of a soi l St andar d met hod of anal ysi s by si evi ng 1289. 3. 6. 3 M et h

14、od 3. 6. 3: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he par t i cl e si ze di st r i but i on of a soi l St andar d met hod of f i ne anal ysi s usi ng a hydr omet er 1289. 3. 9 M et hod 3. 9: Soi l cl assi f i cat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he cone l i qui d l i mi t of

15、soi l 1289. 4. 1. 1 M et hod 4. 1. 1: Soi l chemi cal t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he or gani c mat t er cont ent of a soi l Nor mal met hod 1289. 4. 2. 1 M et hod 4. 2. 1: Soi l chemi cal t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he sul f at e cont ent of a nat ur al soi l and t he sul f at e cont ent of

16、t he gr oundwat er Nor mal met hod 1289. 4. 3. 1 M et hod 4. 3. 1: Soi l chemi cal t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he pH val ue of a soi l El ect r omet r i c met hod 1289. 5. 1. 1 M et hod 5. 1. 1: Soi l compact i on and densi t y t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he dr y densi t y/ moi st ur e cont

17、ent r el at i on of a soi l usi ng st andar d compact i ve ef f or t 1289. 5. 2. 1 M et hod 5. 2. 1: Soi l compact i on and densi t y t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he dr y densi t y/ moi st ur e cont ent r el at i on of a soi l usi ng modi f i ed compact i ve ef f or t 1289. 6. 1. 1 M et hod 6. 1.

18、 1: Soi l st r engt h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he Cal i f or ni a bear i ng r at i o of a soi l St andar d l abor at or y met hod f or a r emoul ded speci men 1289. 6. 7. 1 M et hod 6. 7. 1 Soi l st r engt h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of per meabi l

19、 i t y of a soi l Const ant head met hod f or a r emoul ded speci men 1289. 6. 7. 2 M et hod 6. 7. 2: Soi l st r engt h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of per meabi l i t y of a soi l Fal l i ng head met hod f or a r emoul ded speci men 1289. 6. 7. 3 M et hod 6. 7. 3 Soi l st r engt

20、 h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of per meabi l i t y of a soi l Const ant head met hod usi ng a f l exi bl e wal l per meamet er 1289. 6. 8. 1 M et hod 6. 8. 1: Soi l st r engt h and consol i dat i on t est s Det er mi nat i on of t he r esi l i ent modul us and per manent def or

21、 mat i on of gr anul ar and unbound pavement mat er i al s 3 DEFINI TI ONS For t he pur pose of t hi s St andar d, t he def i ni t i ons i n AS 1289. 0 appl y. 4 APPARATUS The f ol l owi ng appar at us i s r equi r ed f or t he pr epar at i on of di st ur bed soi l sampl es f or t est i ng: ( a) Bal

22、 ances wi t h suf f i ci ent capaci t y and l i mi t of per f or mance t o wei gh sub- sampl es of up t o 150 kg. NOTE: Di vi si on of sub- sampl es f or wei ghi ng pur poses i s accept abl e. A1 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 1. 1 2001 www. st andar ds. com . au St a

23、ndar ds Aust r al i a 3 ( b) M or t ar and a r ubber pest l e ( a r ubber har dness of appr oxi mat el y Shor e 87) or a mechani cal devi ce sui t abl e f or br eaki ng up soi l aggr egat es wi t hout r educi ng t he si ze of t he i ndi vi dual par t i cl es. ( c) AS 1152 si eves 19 mm, 6. 7 mm, 2.

24、36 mm and 425 ?m. ( d) 10 mm scr een. NOTE: A commer ci al nomi nal 10 mm woven wi r e scr een i s accept abl e. ( e) Sampl e di vi der of t he mul t i pl e- sl ot t ype ( r i f f l e- box) as det ai l ed i n AS 1141. 2 or r ot ar y cone spl i t t er ( opt i onal ) . ( f ) Ther most at i cal l y con

25、t r ol l ed dr yi ng oven capabl e of mai nt ai ni ng a t emper at ur e of 45C t o 50C ( opt i onal ) . ( g) Dr yi ng t r ays of sui t abl e di mensi ons. 5 SAM PLE PREPARATION PROCEDURE 5. 1 Prel i m i nary preparat i on of soi l Reduce t he si ze of soi l cl ods as r ecei ved by choppi ng, gr at i

26、 ng or cr umbl i ng unt i l aggr egat i ons of soi l pass a 10 mm scr een, t aki ng car e not t o cr ush i ndi vi dual par t i cl es. Recombi ne al l par t i cl es r et ai ned on t he 10 mm scr een wi t h t he soi l f r act i on and mi x t hor oughl y. NOTE: I f t he mat er i al i s t oo wet t o per

27、 mi t pr el i mi nar y pr epar at i on, i t shoul d be ai r - dr i ed or pl aced i n an oven oper at i ng at a t emper at ur e not exceedi ng 50C, unt i l i t i s j ust dr y enough t o per mi t cr umbl i ng of t he soi l aggr egat i on t o enabl e si evi ng t hr ough t he 10 mm scr een. 5. 2 Sam pl

28、e f or det erm i nat i on of m oi st ure cont ent I f t he moi st ur e cont ent of t he nat ur al soi l as r ecei ved i s r equi r ed, obt ai n, by spl i t t i ng, a r epr esent at i ve sub- sampl e of t he f ol l owi ng mi ni mum quant i t y: ( a) For f i ne- gr ai ned soi l . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 g. ( b) For medi um- gr ai ned soi l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300 g. ( c) For coar se- gr ai ned soi l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 kg. Then, det er mi ne t he moi

31、 st ur e cont ent as descr i bed i n AS 1289. 2. 1. 1, AS 1289. 2. l . 2, AS 1289. 2. l . 4, AS 1289. 2. l . 5 or AS 1289. 2. l . 6, whi chever i s appr opr i at e. 5. 3 Sam pl e f or det erm i nat i on of l i qui d l i m i t , cone l i qui d l i m i t , pl ast i c l i m i t and l i near shri nkage

32、5. 3. 1 General Thor oughl y mi x t he sampl e pr epar ed i n accor dance wi t h Cl ause 5. 1. Subdi vi de t he sampl e by spl i t t i ng, t o obt ai n a r epr esent at i ve sub- sampl e of suf f i ci ent si ze t o pr ovi de t he f ol l owi ng amount s passi ng t he 425 ?m si eve: ( a) Li qui d l i

33、mi t of t he soi l by ei t her of AS 1289. 3. 1. 1 or AS 1289. 3. 9 and pl ast i c l i mi t by AS 1289. 3. 2. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .at l east 300 g.

34、 ( b) Li qui d l i mi t of t he soi l by ei t her of AS 1289. 3. 1. 2 and pl ast i c l i mi t by AS 1289. 3. 2. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .at l east 100

35、g. ( c) Li near shr i nkage of t he soi l by AS 1289. 3. 4. 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .at l east 300 g. 5. 3. 2 W et preparat i on met hod The wet pr epar at i on met hod shal l be as f ol l ows: ( a) Si eve t he sub- sampl e on a 425 ?m si eve, s

36、ui t abl y pr ot ect ed by l ar ger si eves. ( b) Ret ai n al l mat er i al passi ng t he 425 ?m si eve. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 1. 1 2001 St andar ds Aust r al i a www. st andar ds. com . au 4 ( c) W ash t he mat er i al r et ai ned on t he 425 ?m si eve and a

37、l l pr ot ect i ng si eves over t hat si eve and col l ect al l wash wat er . ( d) Evapor at e t he wat er at a t emper at ur e not exceedi ng 50C, r ub t he dr i ed mat er i al i n a mor t ar wi t h a pest l e and si eve t hr ough t he 425 ?m si eve. ( e) Add t he mat er i al t o t hat pr evi ousl

38、y obt ai ned, mi x t hor oughl y and obt ai n a suf f i ci ent sampl e by r i f f l i ng or quar t er i ng NOTE: An al t er nat i ve wet pr epar at i on met hod, whi ch has been f ound sat i sf act or y f or some coar se- gr ai ned and medi um- gr ai ned soi l s, i s t o use a f i ne wat er spr ay f

39、 or washi ng t he dr y- si eved r et ai ned 425 ?m si eve mat er i al , keepi ng t he wash wat er and mi x t hor oughl y. Add t he dr y- si eved mat er i al whi ch passed t he 425 ?m si eve t o t he wash wat er and mi x t hor oughl y. Some ai r - dr yi ng may be r equi r ed i f t her e i s t oo much

40、 wash wat er , but usual l y i t i s possi bl e t o pr oceed wi t h l i qui d and pl ast i c l i mi t t est s af t er a 24 h cur i ng per i od. 5. 3. 3 Dry preparat i on met hod The dr y pr epar at i on met hod shal l be as gi ven i n Cl ause 5. 3. 3. 1 or Cl ause 5. 3. 3. 2. 5. 3. 3. 1 M et hod usi

41、 ng a mort ar and pest l e The pr ocedur e shal l be as f ol l ows: ( a) Dr y t he sub- sampl e t o a st at e i n whi ch i t may be cr umbl ed. Dr yi ng may be car r i ed out i n t he ai r or i n an oven oper at i ng at a t emper at ur e not exceedi ng 50C. NOTE: Ai r - dr yi ng has been speci f i e

42、d i n t he pr epar at i on of a soi l sampl e f or t est i ng, si nce wi t h some soi l s i r r ever si bl e changes t ake pl ace i n t he soi l when i t i s oven- dr i ed at 105C t o 110C. W i t h many soi l s, however , t hi s ef f ect i s of negl i gi bl e pr act i cal si gni f i cance. Cer t ai

43、n soi l s, such as some or gani c or t r opi cal soi l s, may even be af f ect ed by ai r - dr yi ng and shoul d be pr epar ed i n t hei r nat ur al st at e. ( b) Si eve t he sub- sampl e on a 425 ?m si eve sui t abl y pr ot ect ed by l ar ger si eves. ( c) Ret ai n al l mat er i al passi ng t he 42

44、5 ?m si eve. ( d) Rub down, usi ng a mor t ar and pest l e, al l mat er i al r et ai ned on t he si eve i n such a way as wi l l avoi d any wear i ng of i ndi vi dual par t i cl es yet wi l l br eak down al l aggr egat i ons of par t i cl es. Re- si eve on t he 425 ?m si eve. ( e) Add t he mat er i

45、al passi ng t he 425 ?m si eve t o t hat pr evi ousl y obt ai ned, mi x t hor oughl y, and obt ai n a suf f i ci ent sampl e by r i f f l i ng or quar t er i ng. 5. 3. 3. 2 M et hod usi ng a mechani cal devi ce The pr ocedur e shal l be as f ol l ows: ( a) Dr y t he sub- sampl e t o a st at e i n wh

46、i ch i t may be cr umbl ed. Dr yi ng may be car r i ed out i n t he ai r or i n an oven oper at i ng at a t emper at ur e not exceedi ng 50C. NOTE: Ai r - dr yi ng has been speci f i ed i n t he pr epar at i on of a soi l sampl e f or t est i ng, si nce wi t h some soi l s i r r ever si bl e changes

47、 t ake pl ace i n t he soi l when i t i s oven- dr i ed at 105C t o 110C. W i t h many soi l s, however , t hi s ef f ect i s of negl i gi bl e pr act i cal si gni f i cance. Cer t ai n soi l s, such as some or gani c or t r opi cal soi l s, may even be af f ect ed by ai r - dr yi ng and shoul d be

48、pr epar ed i n t hei r nat ur al st at e. ( b) Si eve t he sampl e on t he 2. 36 mm si eve, br eaki ng down al l par t i cl e aggr egat i ons unt i l onl y di scr et e par t i cl es ar e r et ai ned. ( c) Rub down, usi ng a mechani cal devi ce, al l mat er i al passi ng t he 2. 36 mm si eve, t o br

49、eak down par t i cl e aggr egat i ons. ( d) Si eve t he r ubbed down mat er i al on t he 425 ?m si eve. ( e) Spl i t or quar t er t he mat er i al passi ng t he 425 ?m si eve t o obt ai n a suf f i ci ent sampl e f or t he conduct of t he t est . Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289. 1. 1 2001 www. st andar ds. com . au St andar ds Aust r al i a 5 5. 4 Sam pl e f or com pact i o