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1、 This document is intended as a guideline for employers to establish their own written practice for the qualification and certification of their nondestructive testing personnel. It is not intended to be used as a strict specification. *Society for Nondestructive Testing (SNT) - Technical Council (T
2、C) First Document (1A) Published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 4153 Arlingate Plaza, Columbus, OH 43228. Copyright 1989 by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-931403-50-2 Printed in the United States of America. Foreword The r
3、ecommended practice contained herein establishes the general framework for a qualification and certification program. In addition, the document provides recommended educational, experience, and training requirements for the different test methods. Supplementary documents include question and answer
4、lists which may be used in composing examinations for nondestructive testing personnel. Inquiries related to this recommended practice should be directed to the Chairman of the Personnel Qualification Division at the following address: The American Society for Nondestructive Testing 4153 Arlingate P
5、laza, Caller #28518 Columbus, Ohio 43228-0518 iii iv Review Committee Publication and review of this Recommended Practice was under the direction of the SNT-TC-1A Review Committee of the Personnel Qualification Division of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.: Henry M. Stephens, Jr.
6、, Chairman Rick E. Cameron Louis J. Elliott 0. Lee Gaston, Jr. Edward A. Macejak Phillip A. Oikle Ramasamy Palanisamy Adrian A. Pollock Donald J. Quirk Allen D. Reynolds Wade J. Richards Nickolas Rohach, Jr. Carl B. Shaw Jack C. Spanner, Sr. Michael L. Turnbow John H. Weiler ASNT Staff Contributor:
7、Ronald H. Selner, Technical Services Manager v Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Review Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Nondestructive Testing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Levels of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Written Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . 3 Training Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Certificati
12、on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Table 6.3.1 . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Recommended Training Courses Radiographic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Recommended Training for Leve
14、l I Radiographic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Radiographic Equipment Operating and Emergency Instructions Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Basic Radiographic Physics Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、. . 11 Radiographic Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Recommended Training for Level II Radiographic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Film Quality and Manufacturing Processes Course . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Radiographic Evaluation and Interpretation Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Magneti
17、c Particle Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Recommended Training for Level I Magnetic Particle Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Recommended Training for Level II Magnetic Particle Testing . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Ultrasonic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Recomm
19、ended Training for Level I Ultrasonic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Basic Ultrasonic Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Ultrasonic Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Recommended Training for Level II Ultrasonic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Ultrasonic Evaluation Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . 25 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Recommended Training for Level I Liquid Pene
22、trant Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Recommended Training for Level II Liquid Penetrant Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
23、Electromagnetic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Recommended Training for Level I Electromagnetic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Basic Electromagnetic Physics Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Electromagnetic Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Recommended Training for Level II Electromagnetic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Electroma
25、gnetic Evaluation Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 vi Neutron Radiographic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Recommended Training for Level I Neutron Radiographic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Neutron Radiographic Equipment Operating and Emergency Instructions Course . . . . . . . . .37 Basic Neutron Radiographic Physics Co
27、urse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Basic Neutron Radiographic Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Recommended Training for Level II Neutron Radiographic Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、.39 Neutron Radiographic Physics Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Neutron Radiographic Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Leak Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Recommended Training for Level I Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . . .43 Fundamentals in Leak Testing Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Safety in Leak Testing Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Leak Testing Methods Course . . . .
31、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Recommended Training for Level II Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Principles of Leak Testing Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Pressure and Vacuum Technology Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Leak Test Selection Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Recommended Training Referen
33、ces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Acoustic Emission Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Recommended Training for Level I Acoustic Emission Testing . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Basic Acoustic Emission Physics Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Basic Acoustic Emission Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Recommended Training for Level II
35、Acoustic Emission Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Acoustic Emission Physics Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Acoustic Emission Technique Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . .54 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Visual Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Recommended Training for
37、 Level I Visual Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Recommended Training for Level II Visual Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Recommended Training References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Appendix Example Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Radiographic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . .63 Magnetic Particle Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Ultrasonic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Electromagnetic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Eddy Current Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Flux Leakage Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Neutron Radiographic Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Leak
42、 Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Bubble Leak Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Halogen Diode Detector Leak Testing Method .
43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Pressure Change Measurement Leak Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Ac
44、oustic Emission Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Visual Testing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Answers to Example Questions . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 1. Scope 1.1It is recognized that the effectiveness of nondestructive testing (NDT) applications depends upon the capabili- ties of the personnel wh
46、o are responsible for, and per- form, NDT. This Recommended Practice has been pre- pared to establish guidelines for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel whose specific jobs require appropriate knowledge of the technical princi- ples underlying the nondestructive tests they perform,
47、witness, monitor, or evaluate. 1.2This document provides guidelines for the establish- ment of a qualification and certification program. 1.3These guidelines have been developed by The Ameri- can Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., to aid employers in recognizing the essential factors to be co
48、nsidered in qualifying personnel engaged in any of the NDT methods listed in Section 3. 1.4It is recognized that these guidelines may not be appropriate for certain employers circumstances and/or applications. In developing a written practice as required in Section 5, the employer shall review the d
49、etailed recommendations presented herein and shall modify them, as necessary, to meet particular needs. 2. Definitions 2.1Terms included in this document are defined as follows: (1)Certification: written testimony of qualification. (2)Certifying Agency: the employer of the personnel being certified. (3)Employer: the corporate, private, or public entity which employs personnel for wages, salary, fees, or other considerations. (4)Experience: work activities accomplished in a specific NDT method under the direction of qualified supervision including performing the NDT method and related acti