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1、 American National Standard ANSI Z245.21-2004 ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY A S S O C I A T I O N S for Equipment Technology and Operations for Wastes and Recyclable Materials - Stationary Compactors Safety Requirements WASTE EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION A PART OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
2、S 4301 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, NW SUITE 300 WASHINGTON, DC 20008 TELEPHONE: 202-244-4700 FAX: 202-966-4824 ANSI Z245.21 - 2004 ANSI Z245.21 - 2004 American National Standard for Equipment Technology and Operations for Wastes and Recyclable Materials Stationary Compactors Safety Requirements Secretariat
3、Environmental Industry Associations Approved February 12, 2004 American National Standards Institute, Inc. American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been me
4、t by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Conse
5、nsus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufact
6、uring, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the ri
7、ght or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American N
8、ational Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards b
9、y calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, New York, New York, 10036, Phone: 212-642-4900, Fax: 212-398-0023. Published by Waste Equipment Technology Association (Part of Environmental Industry Associations) 4301 Connecticut Ave., N. W., Washington, D.C. 20008
10、 Copyright 2004 by the Environmental Industry Associations All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245
11、.21 - 2004 i Table of Contents Page Foreword (informative).iv 0 Introduction (informative)1 1 Scope 2 2 Normative references.2 3 Definitions.2 4 Construction 4.1 General .13 4.2 Component requirements .13 4.3 Construction requirements, tests and evaluation criteria .13 5 Safeguards and features 5.1
12、Access covers .16 5.2 Service openings .16 5.3 Compactor-container attaching mechanism .16 5.4 Controls 16 5.5 Operating switches and sensors .16 5.6 Security switch.17 5.7 Emergency controls .17 5.8 Interlocks.17 5.9 Guarding.17 5.10 Compactor containers 18 5.11 Container/cart lifting systems .19 5
13、.12 Continuously operating and unattended stationary compactors with automatic startup additional safety features20 6 Markings 6.1 General.21 6.2 Marking of permanently connected equipment .22 6.3 Marking of cord connected equipment .23 6.4 Marking of components23 6.5 Caution, warning and danger mar
14、kings .24 6.6 Permanence of markings26 7 Instructions 7.1 General .26 7.2 Installation and operating instructions27 Annexes A Bibliography (informative) A.1 American National Standards .29 A.2 U.S. Government Health b) “WARNING“ indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, coul
15、d result in death or serious injury, and c) “CAUTION“ indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, may result in minor to moderate injury. It may also be used to alert against unsafe practices. 3.69 self-contained compactor-container: A powered press or auger machine that remai
16、ns stationary during operation and is designed to compact refuse into an integral container. The entire unit is moved for placement and unloading waste or recyclable materials (see figure 3). 3.70 service opening: A protected opening into the interior of the stationary compactor that is designed to
17、permit access to the interior for the purpose of service, repair, or maintenance, but not of a size to permit a person to pass through. 3.71 shall: Use of this word in this standard denotes a mandatory requirement. 3.72 should: Use of this word in this standard denotes a recommendation that is a sou
18、nd safety practice; it does not denote a mandatory requirement. 3.73 start-up alarm: An audible and visible alarm distinctive and recognizable as a signal to provide warning that the stationary compactor will begin to operate. 3.74 stationary compactor: A powered press or auger that remains stationa
19、ry and is designed to compact waste or recyclable materials into either a detachable or integral container or into a transfer vehicle. Apartment stationary compactors are stationary compactors used in apartment complexes or institutions (see figure 1). Commercial/industrial stationary compactors are
20、 stationary compactors used in commercial businesses, industrial plants, or waste processing, disposal, transfer and recycling facilities (see figures 2, 3 and 4). 3.75 sustained manual pressure control: A control that requires continuous pressure by the operator to allow the stationary compactor to
21、 operate. 3.76 system: The combined use of several technologies, normally stand-alone, in an integrated fashion for the simultaneous or sequential processing of materials (such as, shredders, trommels, conveyors, etc ). 3.77 system pressure: The range of operating pressures ranging between normal an
22、d maximum operating pressure in the hydraulic system as stated by the manufacturer. 3.78 tailgate: The hinged gate or door(s) that closes the rear of the compactor container. 3.79 tilt-frame or roll-off equipment: The tilt-frame, tilt-frame support equipment, hoisting devices, tilt cylinders, and co
23、ntrols for operating the tilt-frame and hoisting devices for loading, dumping, and unloading containers or stationary compactors (see figure 5). Tilt-frame equipment can be mounted on an engine-cab and chassis or on a trailer chassis. -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 8 3.80 unattended
24、 stationary compactor with automatic startup: Stationary compactor where the main motor will start and the compactor will cycle automatically while unattended when activated by a signal from a sensor or a sequencing program or device. 3.81 waste: Any type of solid wastes (except human wastes) such a
25、s garbage, trash, rubbish, ashes, incineration residue, street cleanings, plant trimmings, solids, semi-solids, liquids or gases, or the like which are generated and discarded by commercial, industrial, and residential activities. Excluded are solid or dissolved materials such as domestic sewage and
26、 solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges. This definition does include material diverted from the waste stream for the purpose of recycling. 3.82 working surface: Any surface on which employees perform job duties or upon which employees are required to work w
27、hile performing assigned tasks. -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 9 (a) Horizontal Figure 1 Apartment stationary compactor AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 10 Figure 2 Commercial/industrial stationary compactor (shown with optional accessories) -,-,- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
28、 Z245.21 - 2004 11 Figure 3 Self-contained compactor-container AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 12 Figure 4 Continuously operating stationary compactor (as used in typical waste processing facility operations) Figure 5 - Typical transport equipment for compactor-containers AMERICAN NATIONAL
29、 STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 13 4 Construction 4.1 General 4.1.1 Stationary compactors shall be designed and constructed with consideration for the reduction of the risk of fire, electrical shock or injury to persons during operation and maintenance. NOTE 1: Consideration shall be given to reasonably fo
30、reseeable misuse of the stationary compactor for its intended application. It is not expected that every possible misuse will be foreseen, but the manufacturer should use its best judgment and experience to reduce the risk of fire, electrical shock or injury to persons during installation, operation
31、 and maintenance of the stationary compactor. NOTE 2: An optional, functional attachment that is made available or recommended by the manufacturer for use with the basic equipment shall be included in the evaluation of the equipment. Unless the manufacturer recommends the use of two or more attachme
32、nts at the same time, only one attachment at a time is to be evaluated with the equipment. NOTE 3: Whether a guard, an interlock, or the like is required and whether such a device is adequate shall be determined from an evaluation of the complete equipment, its operating characteristics, and the lik
33、elihood of a risk of injury to persons resulting from a cause other than negligence. The evaluation shall include consideration of the results of breakdown or malfunction of any one component, but not more than one component at a time, unless one event contributes to another. If the evaluation shows
34、 that breakdown or malfunction of a particular component results in a risk of injury to persons, that component shall be evaluated for reliability. 4.2 Component requirements 4.2.1 Except as indicated in 4.2.2, a component of a stationary compactor covered by this standard shall comply with the requ
35、irements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components generally used in the equipment covered by this standard. 4.2.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that: a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the component
36、 in the equipment covered by this standard, or b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard. 4.2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its recognized rating established for the intended conditions of use. 4.2.4 Specific components may be recognized as being incomplete in construction
37、features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions for which they have been recognized. 4.3 Construction requiremen
38、ts, tests and evaluation criteria 4.3.1 Mechanical components and construction features of stationary compactors shall be in accordance with Table 1. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 14 Table 1 Mechanical construction requirements and performance evaluation criteria Feature or component Req
39、uirement (See Annex B) Specific performance tests and evaluation criteria (See Annex D) Sharpness of edges B.1.1 Adhesives B.1.2 UL 746C Corrosion protection B.1.3 Mechanical enclosures and guards B.2 Mechanical components and assembly B.3 Rotating and moving parts B.4 D.9 Hydraulic systems B.5.1 Hy
40、draulic system hoses B.5.2 Hydraulic system couplings and fittings B.5.3 Hydraulic system control valves B.6 UL 429; UL 842 Hydraulic system relief valves B.7.1 - B.7.6 Hydraulic system reservoirs B.7.7 Stability B.8 D.8 Structural integrity B.9 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 15 4.3.2 Ele
41、ctrical equipment used in stationary compactors shall be in accordance with Table 2. Table 2 Electrical construction requirements and performance evaluation criteria Feature or component Requirement (See Annex C) Specific performance tests and evaluation criteria (See Annex D) Electrical enclosures
42、C.2 UL 50, with environmental rating equivalent to the intended use of the stationary compactor Access to uninsulated live parts and film- coated wire C.3 Cords and plugs of cord-connected equipment C.4.1.1 Strain relief for cords on cord-connected equipment C.4.1.2 D.5 Bushings for cords on cord-co
43、nnected equipment C.1.4.3 D.6 Permanently connected equipment a. General b. Terminal compartment c. Wiring terminals and leads d. Identification of terminals and leads C.5.1 C.5.2 C.5.3 C.5.4 Current-carrying parts C.6 Insulating material C.7 Mechanical protection of internal wiring C.8.1 Slices and
44、 connections of internal wiring C.8.2 Separation of circuits C.8.3 Grounding a. General b. Grounding identification C.10.1 C.10.2 Heating elements C.11 Listed heater(s) UL 1030 for sheathed heating elements Motors C.12.1 UL 1004 a. Construction b. Overload protection C.12.2 Motor utilizes UL 508A co
45、ntroller or meets requirements of C.12.2.1 - C 12.2.4 Overload- or thermal-protective devices C.13 UL 508A or meets requirements of C.13.1 - C.13.6 Switches, controls and interlocks C.14 Spacings C.15 Starting current test D.1 D.1 Leakage current test D.2 D.2 Temperature tests D.3 D.3 Dielectric-cur
46、rent-withstand test D.4 D.4 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z245.21 - 2004 16 4.3.3 Manufacturing and post-production tests The manufacturer of each stationary compactor shall carry out the following post-production tests: a) Dielectric-voltage-withstand test in accordance with E.1. (See Annex E.) b) Gro
47、unding continuity test in accordance with E.2. (See Annex E.) c) Hydraulic system test in accordance with E.3. (See Annex E.) NOTE: Where a stationary compactor is being provided as part of a system, the above tests apply only to the stationary compactor and are conducted prior to system assembly. 5
48、 Safeguards and features 5.1 Access covers 5.1.1 Access covers shall be interlocked, secured by a lockable device, or be removable by the use of hand tools only. 5.2 Service openings 5.2.1 Removable covers shall protect service openings that expose pinch points. The covers shall be interlocked, secu
49、red by a lockable device, or removable by the use of hand tools only. 5.3 Compactor-container attaching mechanism 5.3.1 The compactor-container attaching mechanism shall be capable of withstanding more than manufacturers specified maximum ram force exerted on the refuse in the container. 5.4 Controls 5.4.1 Each control shall be clearly and conspicuously labeled as to its function. 5.4.2 Operating c