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1、The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water ANSI/AWWA B402-06 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B402-00) AWWA Standard Effective date: Feb. 1, 2007. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 2, 1968. This edition approved Jan. 11, 2006. Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 31, 2006.
2、 Ferrous Sulfate Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training ? Science and Technology Sections 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001
3、, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not
4、contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA p
5、ublication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described
6、will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publica
7、tion of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence
8、of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic r
9、eview, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with part
10、icular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE:The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require th
11、at action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fo
12、urth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Science and Technology AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public heal
13、th and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval
14、system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright 2006 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees
15、/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Iron Salts, Aluminum Salts, and Related Coagulant Aids, which reviewed and approved this standard, had
16、the following personnel at the time of approval: John P. Corless, Chair Gene Shull, Vice Chair User Members B.S. Aptowicz, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.(AWWA) T.A. Barber Jr., Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga.(AWWA) J.P. Corless, U.S. Naval Reserve, Rockville, Md.(AWWA) L.V. Landry,
17、 City of Shreveport, Shreveport, La.(AWWA) C.A. Owen, Tampa Bay Water, Clearwater, Fla.(AWWA) J.S. Trotter, City of Bloomington Utilities, Bloomington, Ind.(AWWA) D.P. Wolz, Clean Water Plant, Wyoming, Mich.(AWWA) General Interest Members M.B. Alvarez, CH2M Hill, Orlando, Fla.(AWWA) K.K. Au, Greeley
18、 not more than 2.0 percent, by weight, of free sulfuric acid, expressed as H2SO4; and not more than 3.0 percent, by weight, of insoluble matter. 4.2.2Dried ferrous sulfate.Dried ferrous sulfate shall contain not less than 19.5 percent, by weight, of total soluble iron in the heptahydrate form; not l
19、ess than 29 percent, by weight, of total soluble iron in the monohydrate form; not more than 2.0 percent, by weight, of free sulfuric acid, expressed as H2SO4; and not more than 3.0 percent, by weight, of insoluble matter. Dried ferrous sulfate heptahydrate may contain up to 1 percent of either calc
20、ium carbonate or bentonite to inhibit caking; however, the addition of either of these substances shall not reduce the available iron to less than 19.5 percent in the dried ferrous sulfate heptahydrate form. 4.2.3Liquid ferrous sulfate.Liquid ferrous sulfate shall contain a minimum of 5.5 percent to
21、tal soluble iron with 0.6 percent free sulfuric acid and not more than 0.9 percent insoluble matter. For material with a higher total soluble-iron content, the free sulfuric acid and insoluble matter may be proportionally higher, if acceptable to the purchaser. Sec. 4.3Impurities* 4.3.1General.The f
22、errous sulfate supplied according to this standard shall contain no substances in quantities capable of producing deleterious or injurious effects on the health of those consuming a water that has been properly treated with ferrous sulfate. Dried ferrous sulfate shall contain no detergent compound o
23、r sequestering agent. In addition, the ferrous sulfate supplied shall not contain any substances in quantities that will result in treated sludges that will be designated as hazardous wastes by local, state, provincial, or federal authorities. *See Sec. I.C of the foreword. Copyright American Water
24、Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4B402-06 4.3.2Product certifications.Ferrous sulfate is a direct additive used
25、in the treatment of potable water. This material should be certified as suitable for contact with or treatment of drinking water by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60. Evaluation shall be accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive t
26、han those listed in NSF/ANSI 60. Certification shall be accomplished by a certification organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute. SECTION 5:VERIFICATION Sec. 5.1Sampling 5.1.1Sampling point.Samples shall be taken at the point of destination. 5.1.2Moist or dried ferrous su
27、lfate.If the ferrous sulfate is dried, a gross sample of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) shall be obtained by combining individual samples obtained as follows: 5.1.2.1For packaged material, the number of packages closest to 5 percent of the total number shall be sampled, but no less than 5 nor more than 15
28、packages in any one shipment shall be sampled. Sampling of packages may be done with a sampling tube at least 3/4 in. (19.1 mm) in diameter. A minimum of five equal portions shall be taken at different locations within a package. 5.1.2.2For bulk material, a mechanical sampling device may be used. 5.
29、1.2.3The gross sample shall be mixed thoroughly and then divided to provide three 1-lb (0.45-kg) material samples. These samples shall be stored in airtight, moistureproof glass containers; each clearly identified with a label signed by the sampler. 5.1.3Liquid ferrous sulfate.If the ferrous sulfate
30、 is liquid, three 1-pt (473-mL) samples shall be taken from each tank car or tank truck load. These material samples shall be sealed in airtight glass containers; each clearly identified with a label signed by the sampler. 5.1.4Distribution of material samples.One of the three sealed material sample
31、s is for immediate use by the purchaser for testing of the shipment according to Sec. 5.2. The two remaining material samples shall be retained for future use according to Sec. 5.3.1, if necessary. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employ
32、ees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- FERROUS SULFATE5 5.1.5Material sample retention.Material samples shall be retained for at least 30 days after the date of receipt of the shipment before the
33、y are discarded. Sec. 5.2Test Procedures 5.2.1Laboratory examination.Laboratory examination of the sample by the purchaser shall be completed within five days after receipt of the shipment. 5.2.2Sample preparation. 5.2.2.1Moist or dried ferrous sulfate.Test samples of moist or dried ferrous sulfate
34、shall be obtained from one of the three material samples. The dried ferrous sulfate sample shall be divided into two samples, one of 150200 g for physical screen size determination and a second of approximately 100 g for the chemical analyses. The sample for physical screen size shall be used for th
35、e sieve analysis (Sec. 5.2.3). The sample for chemical analyses shall be reduced by either mechanical grinding or in a mortar by hand to such fineness that all of it passes through a No. 30 US Standard Sieve. These operations shall be carried out rapidly to minimize the change in moisture content of
36、 the sample. After thorough mixing, the sample for chemical analyses shall be stored in an airtight glass container. 5.2.2.2Liquid ferrous sulfate.Test samples of liquid ferrous sulfate shall be obtained from the material sample and shaken thoroughly before each test portion is withdrawn for analysi
37、s. 5.2.3Sieve analysis for dried ferrous sulfate.Transfer the 150200 g sample (from Sec. 5.2.2.1) to an 8-in. diameter set of US Standard Sieves composed of a No. 4 sieve, a No. 10 sieve, and a pan. Sieve by lateral and vertical motions accompanied by jarring action. Continue 5 min or until an addit
38、ional 3 min of sieving time fails to change the results of any sieve fraction by 0.5 percent of total sample weight. 5.2.4Test procedure for insoluble matter. 5.2.4.1Reagent.Deionized water containing 1 percent sulfuric acid by weight. 5.2.4.2Procedure. 1.Dissolve 3.5 g of the dried ferrous sulfate
39、monohydrate sample, 5 g of the moist or dried ferrous sulfate heptahydrate sample, or 13 g of the liquid ferrous sulfate sample in 150 mL of deionized water containing 1 percent sulfuric acid. Samples should be weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS
40、under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6B402-06 2.Filter through a Gooch crucible and wash the residue with several portions of the acidified deionized
41、water. 3.Transfer the filtrate to a 500-mL volumetric flask and fill to the 500-mL mark with deionized water. 4.Dry the Gooch crucible to constant weight at 100o150oC. 5.2.4.3Calculation. (Eq 1) 5.2.5Test procedure for total soluble iron. 5.2.5.1Reagents. 5.2.5.1.1The following reagents are used reg
42、ardless of whether the zinc reduction method or the stannous chloride reduction method is used: 1.25 percent phosphoric acid. 2.0.3 percent diphenylamine barium sulfonate. 3.Approximately 0.1N potassium dichromate. This is obtained by dissolving 4.903 g of the recrystallized dehydrated salt in 1 L o
43、f deionized water, allowing the solution to stand a few hours, and then standardizing it against Sibley iron ore provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 5.2.5.1.2The following reagents are used with the zinc reduction method: 1.Iron-free granulated zinc, 1020 mesh. 2.Iron-fre
44、e sulfuric acid, 1:3. 5.2.5.1.3The following reagents are used with the stannous chloride reduction method: 1.Saturated solution of mercuric chloride. 2.5 g stannous chloride in dilute hydrochloric acid. The solution is obtained by dissolving the stannous chloride in 10 mL of concentrated hydrochlor
45、ic acid, diluting to 50 mL with deionized water, and adding a few pieces of metallic tin. (This solution keeps best when refrigerated.) 3.Concentrated hydrochloric acid. 5.2.5.2Procedure.After thoroughly mixing the filtrate from the determina- tion of the insoluble matter (Sec. 5.2.4), pipette a 100
46、-mL portion of this solution into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Prepare the solution for titration by using one of the following methods: 1.Zinc reduction method: To the solution, add exactly 1 g of granulated zinc and 20 mL of diluted sulfuric acid and close the mouth with a Bunsen valve. % insoluble
47、material weight of insoluble residue weight of sample - -100= Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 10/30/2007 01:19:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
48、S -,-,- FERROUS SULFATE7 Heat gently. The zinc should be dissolved in less than 25 min. After the zinc has been dissolved, boil gently for 5 min and cool to room temperature with the Bunsen valve in place. Rinse the Bunsen valve with deionized water; add 30 mL of phosphoric acid and 7 to 10 drops of diphenylamine barium sulfonate indicator. The total volume of the solution should be between 150 and 200 mL. 2.Stannous chloride reduction method: To the solution, add 10 mL of hydrochloric acid and heat to boiling. Add the stannous chloride solution by drops until the last trace of