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1、AS 2758.42000 Australian Standard Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes Part 4: Aggregate for gabion baskets and wire mattresses AS 2758.4 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE/12, Specifications. It was approved on beha
2、lf of the Council of Standards Australia on 2 June 2000 and published on 21 August 2000. The following interests are represented on Committee CE/12: Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Australian Asphalt Pavement Association Australian Road Research Board Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of A
3、ustralia Confederation of Australian Industry Council of the City of Sydney Crushed Stone Association of Australia Crushed Stone Producer Association of Queensland CSIRO, Division of Construction and Engineering Department of Administrative Services Institute of Quarrying The Institution of Engineer
4、s, Australia Local Government Engineers Association of New South Wales National Association of Australian State Road Authorities National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia National Building Technology Centre National Ready Mixed Concrete Association Public Works Department, N.S.W. Crushe
5、d Stone and Sand Association Railways of Australia Committee University of New South Wales University of Sydney Water Board, Sydney Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are per
6、iodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was
7、purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Australia web site at .au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Aust
8、ralian Standard, has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at .au, or write to the Chie
9、f Executive, Standards Australia International Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 99113. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 Australian Standard Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes Part 4: Aggregat
10、e for gabion baskets and wire mattresses First published as AS 2758.42000. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia International All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permissi
11、on of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia International Ltd GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 3205 4 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.420002 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee CE/12, Aggregate and Ro
12、ck for Engineering Purposes. This Standard is part of the AS 2758 series of Standards, which cover the specification of rocks and aggregates for engineering purposes. The other Parts are as follows: Part 1:Concrete aggregates Part 2:Sprayed bituminous surfaces Part 5:Asphalt aggregates Part 7:Railwa
13、y ballast The objective of this Standard is to provide users and specifiers of aggregate with a basis for specifying requirements for aggregates intended for use in gabion wire baskets and wire mattresses. This Standard covers regional differences in environment, materials and practice and provision
14、 has been made to allow, in the works specification, for changes to some limits and procedures. There are materials that do not comply with this Standard but have proven to be satisfactory in service. Such materials should be supplied under a works specification only, without reference to this Stand
15、ard. The term informative has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. An informative appendix is for information and guidance only. CONTENTS Page 1SCOPE 3 2APPLICATION.3 3REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 3 4DEFINITIONS 4 5SAMPLING.4 6TESTING4 7DIMENSIONAL REQUIR
16、EMENTS.4 8DURABILITY.5 9WEAK PARTICLES.6 APPENDICES ATERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION (PETROLOGICAL)7 BDEGRADATION FACTOR AND SECONDARY MINERAL CONTENT OF SOURCE ROCK (IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC).14 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 .au Standards Australia 3 STANDARDS
17、 AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes Part 4: Aggregate for gabion baskets and wire mattresses 1 SCOPE This Standard provides a basis for specifying requirements for aggregates intended for use in gabion baskets and wire mattresses. The requirements relate to qu
18、ality of rock and other properties of coarse aggregate. A coarse aggregate may be produced from rock, gravel, metallurgical slag, recycled material or suitable synthetic materials. 2 APPLICATION This Standard shall be used in conjunction with a works specification for contract purposes. While a numb
19、er of the requirements nominated in this Standard are basic, the specifier shall make a selection from the options available in this Standard, or from alternative test methods and limits (which may be from Australian Standards or other appropriate Standards) for incorporation into a works specificat
20、ion. The basic requirements for all aggregates are given in Clauses 7 to 9. The selection of test procedures and test limits, and the frequency at which individual tests are required, shall be determined by the individual works specification. The works specification should specify all the tests appr
21、opriate to the source rock or the tender samples, or both. The whole range of tests should not be applied to control acceptance of the product during the performance of a contract. For contractual purposes, the works specification is binding. In some cases a contract document uses terms such as mate
22、rial complying with AS 2758.4, without providing a works specification. In such instances, the supplier shall attempt to obtain further details from the purchaser. In the continued absence of a works specification, material will be deemed to comply with this Standard if the supplier operates a quali
23、ty system complying with AS/NZS ISO 9002 and can provide test data from a laboratory accredited to SAA HB18.25 showing that material to be supplied fulfils the requirements of Clauses 7 to 9 of this Standard 3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AS 1141Methods for sampling and testing aggregates 1141.3.1 Method 3.
24、1: Sampling Aggregates 1141.3.2 Method 3.2: Sampling Rocks spalls, boulders and drill cores 1141.14Method 14: Particle shape, by proportional calliper 1141.22Method 22: Wet/dry strength variation 1141.23Method 23: Los Angeles value 1141.25Method 25: Degradation factor 1141.26Method 26: Secondary min
25、erals content in basic igneous rocks 1141.30Method 30: Coarse aggregate quality by visual comparison 1141.32Method 32: Weak particles (including clay lumps, soft and friable particles) in coarse aggregates Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 Standards A.au 4 AS/NZS
26、 ISO 9002 Quality systems Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing ASTM C294-86 Descriptive nomenclature for constituents of natural mineral aggregates SAA HB18Guidelines for third-party certification and accreditation HB18.25 Guide 25:General requirements for the compet
27、ence of calibration and testing laboratories 4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 4.1 Coarse aggregate Material having a nominal maximum size not less than 4.75 mm. 4.2 Lot testing For the purposes of this Standard, a lot consists of at least five samples. 4.3
28、 Nominal size A designation of an aggregate, which gives an indication of the largest size particle present. 4.4 Proportion, ratio and percentage Comparative relationships, which are generally expressed on the basis of mass. 4.5 Gabion basket A wire basket, suitably protected against corrosion, with
29、 grid dimensions such that it will retain the aggregate being placed within. 4.6 Wire mattress A wire basket, suitably protected against corrosion, with grid dimensions such that it will retain the aggregate being placed within. 5 SAMPLING The sampling of an aggregate shall be carried out in accorda
30、nce with the methods described in AS 1141.3.1 or AS 1141.3.2. NOTE: Referee samples may be taken during the course of supply and retained for later testing. 6 TESTING Testing of aggregates shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant requirements of the applicable Standards. 7 DIMENSIONAL RE
31、QUIREMENTS The size of gabion and mattress aggregates shall comply with the values given in Table 1. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 .au Standards Australia 5 TABLE 1 AGGREGATE DIMENSIONS Gabions The minimum rock size shall be 100 mm and the maximum rock size s
32、hall be 250 mm. MattressThe minimum rock size shall be 75 mm and the maximum rock size shall be two-thirds the thickness of the mattress, or 250 mm, whichever is the lesser NOTE: As it is desirable to ensure mechanical interlocking between rocks, the rock supplied should have a range of sizes and a
33、degree of angularity. 8 DURABILITY 8.1 Type of rock Rock fill for gabions and mattresses shall be produced or derived from dense, hard, durable and clean rock. It shall be resistant to weathering actions of air and water and shall be free from cracks and other structural defects, which may reduce it
34、s mechanical strength and resistance to weathering. NOTE: Metallurgical slag, recycled material or suitable synthetic materials may also be suitable, provided they meet the above requirements. 8.2 Durability assessment Various authorities in Australia have adopted and developed test methods or sets
35、of test methods for the assessment of the durability of aggregates. The specified limits for such methods are based upon comparisons between the observed durability of aggregates in service and the results of their assessment procedures. Each of these procedures has been shown to be valid for a limi
36、ted range of rock sources located primarily within the areas of control of the authority that uses a particular procedure. Certain supporting overseas data are available but climatic and use conditions may be different from the conditions experienced in Australia. Three sets of methods representing
37、those most commonly used in Australia are presented in this Standard. Not more than one of these shall be included in the works specification and this should be the set that has been shown by local experience to be valid for rock sources likely to be used in the works. Where aggregate is to be suppl
38、ied from a source for which no experience is available with any of these assessment methods, the works specification shall include the assessment procedure considered most appropriate for that source. The durability assessment method option shall be one of the following sets of test methods: (a) Wet
39、 strength and wet/dry strength variation (see Clause 8.3). (b) Los Angeles value and unsound and marginal stone content (see Clause 8.4). NOTES: 1 Based on engineering design, for some materials, other durability requirements may be adopted subject to satisfactory local experience and performance. 2
40、 Service conditions for gabions and mattresses structures vary considerably. Durability requirements such as test type and specification limits have to be matched to the rock source, intended exposure of the structure and the structural design. Material meeting the requirements of Clauses 8 and 9 wi
41、ll be suitable for most applications. Reduced requirements may be suitable for some applications. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 Standards A.au 6 8.3 Wet strength and wet/dry strength variation When determined in accordance with AS 1141.22, the aggregate wet s
42、trength shall not be less than 100 kN and the wet/dry strength variation shall not exceed 35%. 8.4 Los Angeles value and unsound and marginal stone content The Los Angeles value, when determined in accordance with AS 1141.23, shall comply with the relevant values given in Table 2. In addition, when
43、determined in accordance with AS 1141.30, the maximum unsound stone content shall be 5% and the maximum unsound stone and marginal stone content shall be 10%. NOTE: Some rock sources contain deleterious secondary minerals or exhibit other properties which may affect the long-term durability of the p
44、roduct and give rise to poor service performance. AS 1141.30 specifies a method of preparation for source rock reference specimens to allow visual comparisons and quality assessments. Table B1 of Appendix B gives the appropriate values of degradation factor (when determined in accordance with AS 114
45、1.25) and secondary mineral content (when determined in accordance with AS 1141.26) used to classify the reference specimens. TABLE 2 LOS ANGELES ABRASION LOSS (% MAX.) Rock type LA (% max.) ACID IGNEOUS Granitic rocks35 Others30 INTERMEDIATE IGNEOUS30 BASIC IGNEOUS30 METAMORPHIC30 SEDIMENTARY Sedim
46、entary rocks25 River gravel* Dense metallurgical slags30 Scoria* Vesicular slags* *Not usually recommended. NOTES: 1 Some very coarse-grained rocks, e.g. granite, have been known to lose whole crystals. Therefore, care should be exercized when interpreting the results of Los Angeles value tests from
47、 quarries containing rock of this type. 2 See Appendix B for terminology and petrographic classification of rocks. 9 WEAK PARTICLES The sample rock shall be crushed by the testing authority to produce sufficient material suitable to perform the test in AS 1141.32. When tested in accordance with AS 1
48、141.32, the proportion of weak particles in the rock fill shall not exceed 1%. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 25 Aug 2008 AS 2758.42000 .au Standards Australia 7 APPENDIX A TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION (PETROLOGICAL) (Informative) A1 INTRODUCTION Identification of the rock types that
49、 are to be used in the production of aggregate may provide an initial indication of suitability for purpose. However, it should be emphasized that rock type identification cannot be a substitute for the performance of the engineering tests detailed in this Standard; nor can it be implied that because two sources have a similar rock type identification, they will have the same engineering properties. In mos