AS-3600-SUPP1-1994.pdf

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1、Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 Thi s page has been l ef t i nt ent i onal l y bl ank. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 AS 3600 Supp11994 AS 3600 Supplement 11994 Concrete structuresCommentary (

2、Supplement to AS 36001994) Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD/2, Concrete Structures. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 27 July 1994 and published on 10 October 1994. The following interests

3、are represented on Committee BD/2: Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia Australian Construction Services Australian Federation of Construction Contractors Australian Precast Concrete Manufacturers Association AUSTROADS Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Cement and Concrete Associat

4、ion of Australia CSIRO, Division of Building, Construction and Engineering Department of Public Works, N.S.W. Hydro-electric Commission, Tas. Institution of Engineers, Australia Master Builders Construction and Housing Association, Australia National Ash Association of Australasia National Ready Mix

5、ed Concrete Association Steel Reinforcement Institute of Australia South Australian Department of Housing and Construction University of Adelaide University of New South Wales University of Sydney University of Technology, Sydney Water BoardSydney, Illawarra and Blue Mountains Review of Australian S

6、tandards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any ame

7、ndments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of ne

8、w publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay i

9、n order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 AS 3600 Supp11994 AS 3600 Supplement 11994 Concrete structuresCommentary (Supplement to AS 36001994) AS 3600 Supplement 1 first published in part as SAA MP28.C4 1975. SA

10、A MP28.C6 first published 1977. SAA MP28.C9 first published 1975. SAA MP28.C10 first published 1975. SAA MP28.C11 first published 1977. SAA MP28.C12 to C15 first published 1977. SAA MP28.C19 first published 1978. SAA MP28.C21 first published 1978. SAA MP28.C22 first published 1978. SAA MP28.C23 firs

11、t published 1978. SAA MP28.C25 first published 1978. SAA MP28.C26 first published 1975. These Standards revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS 3600 Supplement 11990. Second edition 1994. Incorporating: Amdt 1 1996 PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT

12、, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 9195 1 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 AS 3600 Supp1 19942 PREFACE ThisCommentary(AS 3600Supplement1)was preparedbyStandardsAustralia Committeeon ConcreteStructuresandfirst publishedin 1990 to replaceMP 28, Commentary on AS 1480Concrete Struc

13、tures Code, which was withdrawn in January 1991. While it is intendedthat it be read in conjunctionwith AS 3600, Concrete structures, it does not form an integral part of that Standard. ObjectiveThe objective of this Commentary is (a) to provide background reference material to the Clauses in the St

14、andard; (b) to indicate the origin of particular requirements; (c) to indicate departures from previous practice; and (d) to explain the application of certain Clauses. The clause numbers and titles used in the Commentary are the same as those in AS 3600 except that they are prefixed by the letter C

15、. To avoid possible confusion between Commentary and Standard clauses cross-referenced within the text, Commentary clauses are referred to as Paragraph C . in accordance with Standards Australia policy. Gaps in the numerical sequence of Commentary Paragraphs indicate that either the technical requir

16、ements of the corresponding clauses in the Standard are essentially the same as those previously given in AS 1480, Concrete Structures Code or AS 1481, Prestressed Concrete Code, or the committee considered that commentary on these clauses was not needed. Where appropriate, each Section of the Comme

17、ntary concludes with a list of references which are cross-referenced numerically in the text, e.g. (Ref. 6) or (Refs 6, 7 and 8). In some Sections additional references for further reading, or as a lead to specialist literature, have also been listed. As noted in the Preface to AS 3600, the Standard

18、 represents a comprehensive revision and amalgamation of AS 1480 and AS 1481. To put things in perspective, AS 1480 and AS 1481 largely dated back to 1973 and essentially represented the technology of the 1960s. Since then there have been considerable advances in materials and construction technolog

19、y.Also, due to the increased applicationof computers to modellingand analytical techniques, an improved understanding of both material and member behaviour incompletestructureshasbeenrealized.Moresophisticatedanalysisanddesign procedures are now readily available to design-office staff via desktop c

20、omputers, while complex formulas can be quickly evaluated using electronic calculators. While the Standard inevitably reflects the abovementioned changes, a considerable amount of material and concepts have been retained from AS 1480 and AS 1481, particularly in those areas where the benefits of tec

21、hnical change seemed doubtful to the committee. However, in all such instances the opportunity was taken to edit retained requirements, in order to remove ambiguities which in the past have led to conflicting interpretations. Background to second edition The background to the second edition of this

22、Commentary is essentially the same as that given in the Preface of the second edition of AS 3600, with respect to new and revised reference Standards. Furthermore, in agreeing to a second edition of the Standard rather than the usual green-slipamendments,the Committee also agreed thatthe same philos

23、ophy should in addition apply to the Commentary so that consistency would be maintained between corresponding editions of the two documents. As the Commentary had not been amended since its publication, the opportunity was takento includeimprovementssuggestedin the interim by users, as well as the a

24、ppropriate changes necessitated by the 1990 and 1994 amendments to AS 3600. All such changes are indicated by a single bar in the left-hand margin for the extent of the affected text or figure. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 3AS 3600 Supp11994 Objective of second edition Th

25、e objective of the second edition is to provide a clean, updatedversion of the Commentary that is consistent with the second edition of AS 3600. Like the Standard itself, this Commentary is neither an immutable nor a perfect document. Suggestions for improvement to the Commentary, in either the cont

26、ent or extent of that provided, are therefore welcomed by Standards Australia. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge and thank the following members of BD/2 and its subcommittees who have contributed significantly to this Commentary. Assoc. Prof. R Q Bridge Mr B J Corcoran Prof.

27、K A Faulkes Mr B J Ferguson Dr I Gilbert Dr D Gunasekera Mr H P Isaacs Dr F S Pitman Mr R J Potter Prof. B V Rangan Mr W J Semple Mr D J Smee Mr G C Verge Dr P F Walsh Prof. R T Warner Mr A C Whitting Mr P J Wyche Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 AS 3600 Supp1 19944 CONTENTS

28、Page SECTION C1SCOPE AND GENERAL C1.1SCOPE AND APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 C1.2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 C1.3INTERPRETATIONS AND USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS. . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 C1.4DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 C1.5CONSTRUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 C1.6DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 C1.7NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SECTION C2DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES C2.1DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . 19 C2.3DESIGN FOR STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 C2.4DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 C2.6DESIGN FOR DURABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 C2.7DESIG

32、N FOR FIRE RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 C2.8OTHER DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 SECTION C3LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR STABILITY, STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY C3.1LOADS AND OTHER ACTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 C3.2LOAD COMBINATION FOR STABILITY DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 C3.3LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 SECTION C4DESIGN FOR DURABILITY C4.1APPLICATION OF SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、. . . .26 C4.2DESIGN FOR DURABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 C4.3EXPOSURE CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 C4.4REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE FOR EXPOSURE CLASSIFICATIONS A1 AND A2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . .30 C4.5REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE FOR EXPOSURE CLASSIFICATIONS B1, B2 AND C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 C4.6REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE FOR EXPOSURE CLASSIFICATION U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 C4.7ADDITIONAL

36、 REQUIREMENTS FOR ABRASION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 C4.8ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FREEZING AND THAWING . . . .31 C4.9RESTRICTION ON CHEMICAL CONTENT IN CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . .32 C4.10 REQUIREMENTS FOR COVER TO REINFORCING STEEL AND TENDONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 SECTION C5DESIGN FOR FIRE RESISTANCE C5.1SCOPE OF SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 C5.2DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C5.3DESI

38、GN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 C5.4FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 C5.5FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR SLABS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 C5.6FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR COLUMNS. . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 29 Jan 2008 5AS 3600 Supp11994 Page C5.7FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FOR WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 C5.8FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS FROM FIRE TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 C5.9CALCULATION OF FIRE TEST PER

40、FORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 C5.10 INCREASE OF FIRE-RESISTANCE PERIODS BY USE OF INSULATING MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SECTION C6DESIGN PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS C6.1PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . . . . . . . . 45 C6.2PROPERTIES OF REINFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 C6.3PROPERTIES OF TENDONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 C6.4LOSS OF PRESTRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 SEC

42、TION C7METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS C7.1METHODS OF ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 C7.2SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR REINFORCED CONTINUOUSBEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 C7.3SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR

43、 REINFORCED TWO-WAY SLABS SUPPORTED ON FOUR SIDES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 C7.4 AND C7.5 TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 C7.4SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR REINFORCED TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS HAVING MULTIPLE SPANS . . . . . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . .61 C7.5IDEALIZED FRAME METHOD FOR STRUCTURES INCORPORATING TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 C7.6LINEAR ELASTIC ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 C7.7ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF FRAMES INCORP

45、ORATING SECONDARY BENDING MOMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 C7.8RIGOROUS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 C7.9PLASTIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR SLABS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 SECTION C8DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR S

46、TRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY C8.1STRENGTH OF BEAMS IN BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 C8.2STRENGTH OF BEAMS IN SHEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 C8.3STRENGTH OF BEAMS IN TORSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 C8.4LONGITUDINAL

47、SHEAR IN BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 C8.5DEFLECTION OF BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 C8.6CRACK CONTROL OF BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 C8.7VIBRATION OF BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 C8.8T-BEAMS AND L-BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 C8.9SLENDERNESS LIMITS FOR BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 SECTION C9DESIGN OF SLABS FOR STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY C9.1STRENGTH OF

49、 SLABS IN BENDING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 C9.2STRENGTH OF SLABS IN SHEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 C9.3DEFLECTION OF SLABS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 C9.4CRACK CONTROL OF SLABS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 C9.5VIBRATION OF SLABS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 C9.6MOMENT RESISTING WIDTH FOR ONE-WAY SLABS SUPPORTING POINT LOADS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .